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2024 Small Satellites Systems and Services Symposium, 4S 2024

作者： Kosanič, Nejc Kramberger, Iztok University of Maribor Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Koroška cesta 46 Maribor2000 Slovenia

ISBN: (纸本)9781510688940

Due to the nature of monetary and spatial constrictions, larger systems on small satellites are getting replaced by smaller but more inaccurate sensors. To improve the satellite orientation estimate, multiple different optical sensors may be used. In the case of TRISAT-R, the satellite is equipped with photodiodes and small cameras (CMOS sensors) in parallel, to establish the position of the Sun and calculate the satellite attitude. Due to the intensity of solar radiation, the "black-Sun" effect can be clearly distinguished: a black circle in a photo of a CMOS sensor. The black circle is smaller than the whole Sun on the photo, which provides a more accurate estimate of Suns position. In this paper we will discuss the use of an Unscented Kalman Filtering, which uses magnetometer, gyro meter and optical sensor data, and then calculates the satellites attitude and error estimation. The accuracy of attitude estimation between photodiodes and CMOS sensor images will be compared and conclusion that CMOS sensors can be used to calibrate photodiodes in orbit will be presented. © 2025 The Authors.

关键词： CMOS integrated circuits

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Dual-Channel MEMS Actuated Tunable Optical Filter Based on Polarization Insensitive Compound Ring Resonator for DWDM Networks 11th

Dual-Channel MEMS Actuated Tunable Optical Filter Based on P...

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11th EAI International Conference on Advancement of science and Technology, ICAST 2023

作者： Ayalew, Hailu Dessalegn Talabattula, Srinivas Annamalai, Pushparaghavan Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Bahir Dar University-Institute of Technology Bahir Dar Ethiopia Department of Electrical Communication Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India

ISBN: (纸本)9783031641503

One of the key components of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks is tunable optical filters (TOFs). This paper focused on the theoretical analysis and design of a new dual-channel micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) actuated tunable optical filter based on polarization insensitive compound ring resonators (PICRRs) for dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) optical networking applications. It is basically structured on an optimally designed capacitive type microcantilever beam, which is fixed at both ends, with built-in PICRRs, which are placed at both fixed ends of the beam to gain linearly varying longitudinal strain and stress on the resonators. Also, the dimensions of the rings are properly chosen to achieve a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 0.4078 nm with a flat pass band at 1 dB of 0.3626 nm and a good shape factor for both channels. It also shows a free spectral range of about 20.05 nm for the first channel and 20.046 nm for the second channel, with a high extinction ratio that allows filtering of adjacent channels of 50 GHz DWDM systems. Thus, when the electrostatic attraction force (EAF) is applied, the beam will bend, which induces strain and stress in the rings, which brings a change in effective refractive index of the rings and also affects the perimeter and coupling coefficients of the rings that leads to a change in the output spectrum shift, providing the tunability as high as 4.779 nm/μN, and it is capable of tuning up to 355 GHz with negligible variations of FWHM and channel spacing within the tunability range of the two channels. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Dense wavelength division multiplexing

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A Near-Field 3D Parameter Estimation Method Based on a Symmetric Enhanced Nested Array

A Near-Field 3D Parameter Estimation Method Based on a Symme...

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2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2025

作者： Yu, Linke Chen, Hua Xue, Dingfan Liu, Wei Tian, Ye Wang, Gang Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo University China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368741

In this paper, a high-precision three-dimensional (3-D) near-field (NF) localization method is proposed under an underdetermined case based on a symmetric enhanced nested array (SENA). Firstly, the symmetry of the array and the fourth-order cumulant (FOC) are utilized to construct the equivalent virtual far-field (FF) reception data. Then, a gridless sparse and parametric approach (SPA), combined with an l1-SVD based pairing procedure, is used to obtain estimates for two paired angles. Finally, a one-dimensional (1-D) spectral estimator is applied to obtain the estimate of range parameter. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： cross array near-field source localization spatial-temporal underdetermine estimation

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High quality dehazed image and video based on enhanced multi-scale guided filtering dehazing technique

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Cluster Computing 2025年第5期28卷 1-24页

作者： Ayoub, Abeer El-Shafai, Walid El-Samie, Fathi E. Abd Hamad, Ehab K. I. El-Rabaie, El-Sayed M. Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menouf32952 Egypt Computer Science Department Prince Sultan University Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Aswan University Aswan81542 Egypt Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia

Haze is one of the most common challenges faced by outdoor imaging systems. Hazy images are characterized by low contrast and a white overlay, which make it difficult to produce high-quality results. To address this issue, researchers have developed various haze removal methods aimed at achieving superior image enhancement, efficient processing, and cost-effectiveness. This paper introduces an enhanced Multi-scale Guided Filtering (MGF) technique for dehazing. The proposed technique incorporates several key components: a fast dehazing method, homomorphic processing, and Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) as preprocessing steps, followed by a fuzzy logic approach to enhance contrast. The core of the technique is the MGF dehazing method, which is supported by fast dehazing and fuzzy logic proessing as enhancement strategies to reduce noise and improve the dynamic range of images. The MGF dehazing process gets the transmission map and atmospheric light at the coarsest level, and then guided filtering is employed iteratively to produce a smoothed transmission map, resulting in dehazed images free from artifacts. The haze model is applied to obtain the final dehazed image. This technique effectively combines two traditional approaches—fast dehazing and MGF dehazing—into a unified framework. The performance of the proposed technique is evaluated using visible and Near Infrared (NIR) video frames, as well as real hazy images. To demonstrate its efficacy, its results are compared with those of the standalone MGF dehazing method. Additionally, a comparative analysis is conducted with other dehazing techniques using both visible and NIR frames. Evaluation metrics include both referenced and non-referenced quantitative measures such as Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), correlation (to measure similarity between hazy and dehazed images), entropy (quantifying the amount of information), Feature Similarity Index (FSIM), Chronic Feature Similarity index (FSI

关键词： Image enhancement

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Driver Drowsiness Detection Using Swin Transformer and Diffusion Models for Robust Image Denoising

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 71880-71907页

作者： El-Nabi, Samy Abd Ibrahim, Ahmed F. El-Rabaie, El-Sayed M. Hassan, Osama F. Soliman, Naglaa F. Ramadan, Khalil F. El-Shafai, Walid Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Department of Artificial Intelligence Engineering South Sinai 46511 Egypt Menoufia University Faculty of Electronic Engineering Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Menouf32952 Egypt Suez Canal University Faculty of Computers and Informatics Information Systems Department Ismailia41522 Egypt Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University College of Computer and Information Sciences Department of Information Technology P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia Computer Science Department Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia

With the rapid development of intelligent transportation systems and growing emphasis on driver safety, real-time detection of driver drowsiness has become a critical area of research. This study presents a robust and scalable driver drowsiness detection framework that integrates a Swin Transformer-based deep learning model with a diffusion model for image denoising. While conventional convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are effective in standard vision tasks, they often suffer performance degradation in real-world driving scenarios due to noise, poor lighting, motion blur, and adversarial attacks. To address these challenges, the proposed model focuses on eye-state detection, specifically, prolonged eye closure, as a primary indicator of driver disengagement and fatigue. Our system introduces a novel preprocessing stage using a denoising diffusion model built on a U-Net encoder-decoder architecture, effectively mitigating the impact of Gaussian noise and adversarial perturbations. Additionally, we incorporate adversarial training with Fast Gradient Sign Method (FGSM) and Projected Gradient Descent (PGD) attacks, demonstrating significant improvements in classification accuracy and resilience. Evaluations are conducted on two benchmark datasets, Eye-Blink and Closed Eyes in the Wild (CEW), under both clean and noisy conditions. Comparative experiments show that the proposed system outperforms several state-of-the-art models, including ViT, ResNet50V2, InceptionV3, MobileNet, DenseNet169, and VGG19, in terms of accuracy (up to 99.82%), PSNR (up to 41.61 dB), and SSIM (up to 0.984), while maintaining competitive inference times suitable for practical deployment. Moreover, a detailed sensitivity analysis of data augmentation strategies reveals that techniques such as rotation and horizontal flip substantially enhance the model’s generalization across variable visual inputs. The system also demonstrates improved robustness under real-world black-box scenarios and adver

关键词： Sensitivity analysis

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Intelligent wearable vision systems for the visually impaired in Saudi Arabia

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第14期37卷 8571-8591页

作者： Talaat, Fatma M. El-Shafai, Walid Soliman, Naglaa F. Algarni, Abeer D. El-Samie, Fathi E. Abd Faculty of Artificial Intelligence Kafrelsheikh University Kafrelsheikh33516 Egypt Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering New Mansoura University Gamasa35712 Egypt Security Engineering Lab Computer Science Department Prince Sultan University Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia Department Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menouf32952 Egypt Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia

Navigating the world with visual impairments presents unique challenges, often limiting independence and safety. This research introduces SafeStride, a novel algorithm designed to empower visually impaired individuals through real-time obstacle detection and navigation assistance. SafeStride functions through five interconnected phases: sensor data acquisition, data preprocessing, obstacle detection, path planning, and feedback and guidance. A combination of ultrasonic sensors, cameras, and inertial measurement units (IMUs) feed comprehensive environmental data into the system, enabling accurate obstacle detection and safe path planning. Evaluating SafeStride's performance involved the MNIST dataset for image recognition and a dedicated indoor object detection dataset. Additionally, comparisons were made against three deep learning models—convolutional neural network (CNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), and gated recurrent unit (GRU). The results showcased SafeStride's high accuracy and effectiveness in both obstacle detection and classification. Beyond its impressive performance, SafeStride represents a significant leap forward in navigation aids for the visually impaired. By offering a comprehensive solution that enhances safety and independence in diverse environments, it holds immense potential to improve the lives of countless individuals. Future efforts will focus on further optimizing the algorithm and testing its real-world capabilities, paving the way for a future where safe and independent navigation becomes a reality for all. All three deep learning models (CNN, LSTM, GRU) excelled in the experiment, achieving high accuracy above 0.98, strong recall and F1-scores near 0.99, and exceptional AUC-ROC scores exceeding 0.9998. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Motion planning

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An Intelligent Optimization Technique Of Automatic Speech Recognition For Smart Homes 13

An Intelligent Optimization Technique Of Automatic Speech Re...

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13th International Conference on Research in ComputIng at Feminine, RIF 2024

作者： Aly, Rabab Hamed M. Hussein, Aziza I. The Higher Institute for Management and Information Technology Minya Egypt Electrical and Computer Engineering Department College of Engineering Effat University Jeddah Saudi Arabia Computer Science Department Faculty of Computer Science Nahda University Beni Suef Egypt

The creation of new approaches to the design and configuration of smart buildings relies heavily on AI tools and Machine Learning (ML) algorithms, particularly optimization techniques. The widespread use of electronic devices has sparked a strong desire to incorporate the Internet of Things (IoT) into houses, leading to the development of smart homes. As networked gadgets proliferate rapidly, this phenomenon is characterized by rapid proliferation. In smart buildings, smart cities, smart grids, and smart homes, interconnected electronic devices are becoming more popular. The objective of this paper is to enhance the functionality of home automation systems through the performance of speech recognition using the Bat-Salp Swarm Optimization (BSSO). This paper investigates the notion of (BSSO), a data analysis methodology that facilitates the automated construction of analytical models. The implementation of BSSO provides an enhancement to the feature selection process in speech recognition, providing an approximation solution that improves the accuracy of system decisions. The use of the BSSO technique improves the precision of the voice recognition system and also incorporates an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for the classification part. The findings substantiated the efficacy of the employed methodology. © 2024 Copyright for this paper by its authors.

关键词： Bat Optimization Algorithm Salp Optimization Algorithm Smart homes Speech recognition

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ECG Signal Classification of Cardiovascular Disorder using CWT and DCNN

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Journal of Biomedical Physics and engineering 2025年第1期15卷 77-92页

作者： Rahman, Tawfikur Ahommed, Rasel Deb, Nibedita Das, Utpal Kanti Moniruzzaman, Md. Bhuiyan, Md. Alamgir Sultana, Farzana Kausar, Md. Kamruzzaman Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Faculty of Engineering International University of Business Agriculture and Technology Uttara Dhaka 1230 Bangladesh Department of Agriculture International University of Business Agriculture and Technology Uttara Dhaka 1230 Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering Faculty of Engineering International University of Business Agriculture and Technology Uttara Dhaka 1230 Bangladesh

Background: Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) requires precise and efficient diagnostic tools. The manual analysis of Electrocardiograms (ECGs) is labor-intensive, necessitating the development of automated methods to enhance diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. Objective: This research aimed to develop an automated ECG classification using Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) and Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN), and transform 1D ECG signals into 2D spectrograms using CWT and train a DCNN to accurately detect abnormalities associated with CVD. The DCNN is trained on datasets from PhysioNet and the MIT-BIH arrhythmia dataset. The integrated CWT and DCNN enable simultaneous classification of multiple ECG abnormalities along-side normal signals. Material and Methods: This analytical observational research employed CWT to generate spectrograms from 1D ECG signals, as input to a DCNN trained on di-verse datasets. The model is evaluated using performance metrics, such as precision, specificity, recall, overall accuracy, and F1-score. Results: The proposed algorithm demonstrates remarkable performance metrics with a precision of 100% for normal signals, an average specificity of 100%, an average recall of 97.65%, an average overall accuracy of 98.67%, and an average F1-score of 98.81%. This model achieves an approximate average overall accuracy of 98.67%, highlighting its effectiveness in detecting ***: The integration of CWT and DCNN in ECG classification improves accuracy and classification capabilities, addressing the challenges with manual analy-sis. This algorithm can reduce misdiagnoses in primary care and enhance efficiency in larger medical institutions. By contributing to automated diagnostic tools for cardiovascular disorders, it can significantly improve healthcare practices in the field of CVD detection. © Journal of Biomedical Physics and engineering.

关键词： Wavelet transforms

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Unveiling cognitive processes in digital reading through behavioural cues: A hybrid intelligence (HI) approach

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British Journal of Educational Technology 2025年第2期56卷 678-711页

作者： Lee, Yoon Migut, Gosia Specht, Marcus Industrial Design Graduate School of Design University of Seoul Seoul Korea Republic of Research Lab Faculty of Education and Psychology University of Oulu Oulu Finland Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands

Learner behaviours often provide critical clues about learners' cognitive processes. However, the capacity of human intelligence to comprehend and intervene in learners' cognitive processes is often constrained by the subjective nature of human evaluation and the challenges of maintaining consistency and scalability. The recent widespread AI technology has been applied to learning analytics (LA), aiming at a more accurate, consistent and scalable understanding of learning to compensate for challenges that human intelligence faces. However, machine intelligence has been criticized for lacking contextual understanding and difficulties dealing with complex human emotions and social cues. In this work, we aim to understand learners' internal cognitive processes based on the external behavioural cues of learners in a digital reading context, using a hybrid intelligence (HI) approach, bridging human and machine intelligence. Based on the behavioural frameworks and the insights from human experts, we scope specific behavioural cues that are known to be relevant to learners' attention regulation, which is highly relevant for learners' cognitive processes. We utilize the public WEDAR dataset with 30 subjects' video data, behaviour annotation and pre–post tests on multiple choice and summarization tasks. We apply the explainable AI (XAI) approach to train the machine learning model so that human evaluators can also understand which behavioural features were essential for predicting the usage of the cognitive processes (ie, higher-order thinking skills [HOTS] and lower-order thinking skills [LOTS]) of learners, providing insights for the next-round feature engineering and intervention design. The result indicates that the dominant use of attention regulation behaviours is a reliable indicator of low use of LOTS with 79.33% prediction accuracy, while reading speed is a valuable indicator for predicting the overall usage of HOTS and LOTS, ranging from 60.66% to 78.66% accuracy,

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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All-optically linearized silicon modulator with ultrahigh SFDR of 131 dB · Hz6/7

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Photonics Research 2025年第2期13卷 433-441页

作者： QIANG ZHANG QIKAI HUANG PENGHUI XIA YAN LI XINGYI JIANG SHUYUE ZHANG SHENGYU FANG JIANYI YANG HUI YU Zhejiang Lab Institute of Integrated Microelectronic Systems College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo University

Integrated high-linearity modulators are crucial for high dynamic-range microwave photonic （MWP）systems. Conventional linearization schemes usually involve the fine tuning of radio-frequency （RF） power distribution, which is rather inconvenient for practical applications and can hardly be implemented on the integrated photonics chip. In this paper, we propose an elegant scheme to linearize a silicon-based modulator in which the active tuning of RF power is eliminated. The device consists of two carrier-depletion-based Mach–Zehnder modulators （MZMs）, which are connected in series by a 1×2 thermal optical switch （OS）.The OS is used to adjust the ratio between the modulation depths of the two sub-MZMs. Under a proper ratio, the complementary third-order intermodulation distortion （IMD3） of the two sub-MZMs can effectively cancel each other out. The measured spurious-free dynamic ranges for IMD3 are 131, 127, 118, 110,and 109 d B·Hz6∕7at frequencies of 1, 10, 20, 30, and 40 GHz, respectively, which represent the highest linearities ever reached by the integrated modulator chips on all available material platforms.

关键词： Effective refractive index Integrated photonics Lithium niobate Modulation transfer function Optical signals Silicon modulators

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