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作者： Bandaru, P.R. Daraio, C. Yang, K. Rao, A.M. Materials Science Program Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California San Diego San Diego CA 92093-0411 Aeronautics and Applied Physics California Institute of Technology Mail Code 105-50 Pasadena CA 91125 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Clemson University Clemson SC 29634-0978

The observation of helices and coils in nano-tube/-fiber (NT/NF) syntheses is explained on the basis of the interactions between specific catalyst particles and the growing nanostructure. In addition to rationalizing nonlinear structure, the proposed model probes the interplay between thermodynamic quantities and predicts conditions for optimal growth. Experimental results on the effect of indium catalyst on affecting the coil pitch in NTs and NFs are presented. © 2007 The American Physical Society.

关键词： Nanotubes

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J/ψ Production in sNN=200 GeV Cu+Cu Collisions

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Physical Review Letters 2008年第12期101卷 122301-122301页

作者： A. Adare S. Afanasiev C. Aidala N. N. Ajitanand Y. Akiba H. Al-Bataineh J. Alexander K. Aoki L. Aphecetche R. Armendariz S. H. Aronson J. Asai E. T. Atomssa R. Averbeck T. C. Awes B. Azmoun V. Babintsev G. Baksay L. Baksay A. Baldisseri K. N. Barish P. D. Barnes B. Bassalleck S. Bathe S. Batsouli V. Baublis A. Bazilevsky S. Belikov R. Bennett Y. Berdnikov A. A. Bickley J. G. Boissevain H. Borel K. Boyle M. L. Brooks H. Buesching V. Bumazhnov G. Bunce S. Butsyk S. Campbell B. S. Chang J.-L. Charvet S. Chernichenko J. Chiba C. Y. Chi M. Chiu I. J. Choi T. Chujo P. Chung A. Churyn V. Cianciolo C. R. Cleven B. A. Cole M. P. Comets P. Constantin M. Csanád T. Csörgő T. Dahms K. Das G. David M. B. Deaton K. Dehmelt H. Delagrange A. Denisov D. d’Enterria A. Deshpande E. J. Desmond O. Dietzsch A. Dion M. Donadelli O. Drapier A. Drees A. K. Dubey A. Durum V. Dzhordzhadze Y. V. Efremenko J. Egdemir F. Ellinghaus W. S. Emam A. Enokizono H. En’yo S. Esumi K. O. Eyser D. E. Fields M. Finger M. Finger, Jr. F. Fleuret S. L. Fokin Z. Fraenkel J. E. Frantz A. Franz A. D. Frawley K. Fujiwara Y. Fukao T. Fusayasu S. Gadrat I. Garishvili A. Glenn H. Gong M. Gonin J. Gosset Y. Goto R. Granier de Cassagnac N. Grau S. V. Greene M. Grosse Perdekamp T. Gunji H.-Å. Gustafsson T. Hachiya A. Hadj Henni C. Haegemann J. S. Haggerty H. Hamagaki R. Han H. Harada E. P. Hartouni K. Haruna E. Haslum R. Hayano M. Heffner T. K. Hemmick T. Hester X. He H. Hiejima J. C. Hill R. Hobbs M. Hohlmann W. Holzmann K. Homma B. Hong T. Horaguchi D. Hornback T. Ichihara K. Imai M. Inaba Y. Inoue D. Isenhower L. Isenhower M. Ishihara T. Isobe M. Issah A. Isupov B. V. Jacak J. Jia J. Jin O. Jinnouchi B. M. Johnson K. S. Joo D. Jouan F. Kajihara S. Kametani N. Kamihara J. Kamin M. Kaneta J. H. Kang H. Kanou D. Kawall A. V. Kazantsev A. Khanzadeev J. Kikuchi D. H. Kim D. J. Kim E. Kim E. Kinney A. Kiss E. Kistenev A. Kiyomichi J. Klay C. Klein-Boesing L. Kochenda V. Kochetkov B. Komkov M. Konno D. Kotchetkov A. Kozlov A. Král A. Kravitz J. Kubart G. J. Kunde N. Kuri University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Joint Institute for Nuclear Research 141980 Dubna Moscow Region Russia Columbia University New York New York 10027 and Nevis Laboratories Irvington New York 10533 USA Chemistry Department Stony Brook University SUNY Stony Brook New York 11794-3400 USA RIKEN The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan RIKEN BNL Research Center Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973-5000 USA New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico 88003 USA Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan SUBATECH (Ecole des Mines de Nantes CNRS-IN2P3 Université de Nantes) BP 20722-44307 Nantes France Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973-5000 USA Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet Ecole Polytechnique CNRS-IN2P3 Route de Saclay F-91128 Palaiseau France Department of Physics and Astronomy Stony Brook University SUNY Stony Brook New York 11794 USA Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA IHEP Protvino State Research Center of Russian Federation Institute for High Energy Physics Protvino 142281 Russia Florida Institute of Technology Melbourne Florida 32901 USA Dapnia CEA Saclay F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France University of California-Riverside Riverside California 92521 USA Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131 USA PNPI Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Gatchina Leningrad region 188300 Russia Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University St. Petersburg Russia Yonsei University IPAP Seoul 120-749 Korea KEK High Energy Accelerator Research Organization Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee 37235 USA Georgia State University Atlanta Georgia 30303 USA IPN-Orsay Universite Paris Sud CNRS-IN2P3 BP1 F-91406 Orsay France ELTE Eötvös Loránd University H-1117 Bu

Yields for J/ψ production in Cu+Cu collisions at sNN=200 GeV have been measured over the rapidity range |y|<2.2 and compared with results in p+p and Au+Au collisions at the same energy. The Cu+Cu data offer greatly improved precision over existing Au+Au data for J/ψ production in collisions with small to intermediate numbers of participants, in the range where the quark-gluon plasma transition threshold is predicted to lie. Cold nuclear matter estimates based on ad hoc fits to d+Au data describe the Cu+Cu data up to Npart∼50, corresponding to a Bjorken energy density of at least 1.5 GeV/fm3.

关键词： Colliding beam accelerators

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Source Breakup Dynamics in Au+Au Collisions at sNN=200 GeV via Three-Dimensional Two-Pion Source Imaging

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Physical Review Letters 2008年第23期100卷 232301-232301页

作者： S. Afanasiev C. Aidala N. N. Ajitanand Y. Akiba J. Alexander A. Al-Jamel K. Aoki L. Aphecetche R. Armendariz S. H. Aronson R. Averbeck T. C. Awes B. Azmoun V. Babintsev A. Baldisseri K. N. Barish P. D. Barnes B. Bassalleck S. Bathe S. Batsouli V. Baublis F. Bauer A. Bazilevsky S. Belikov R. Bennett Y. Berdnikov M. T. Bjorndal J. G. Boissevain H. Borel K. Boyle M. L. Brooks D. S. Brown D. Bucher H. Buesching V. Bumazhnov G. Bunce J. M. Burward-Hoy S. Butsyk S. Campbell J.-S. Chai S. Chernichenko J. Chiba C. Y. Chi M. Chiu I. J. Choi T. Chujo P. Chung V. Cianciolo C. R. Cleven Y. Cobigo B. A. Cole M. P. Comets P. Constantin M. Csanád T. Csörgő T. Dahms K. Das G. David H. Delagrange A. Denisov D. d’Enterria A. Deshpande E. J. Desmond O. Dietzsch A. Dion J. L. Drachenberg O. Drapier A. Drees A. K. Dubey A. Durum V. Dzhordzhadze Y. V. Efremenko J. Egdemir A. Enokizono H. En’yo B. Espagnon S. Esumi D. E. Fields F. Fleuret S. L. Fokin B. Forestier Z. Fraenkel J. E. Frantz A. Franz A. D. Frawley Y. Fukao S.-Y. Fung S. Gadrat F. Gastineau M. Germain A. Glenn M. Gonin J. Gosset Y. Goto R. Granier de Cassagnac N. Grau S. V. Greene M. Grosse Perdekamp T. Gunji H.-Å. Gustafsson T. Hachiya A. Hadj Henni J. S. Haggerty M. N. Hagiwara H. Hamagaki H. Harada E. P. Hartouni K. Haruna M. Harvey E. Haslum K. Hasuko R. Hayano M. Heffner T. K. Hemmick J. M. Heuser X. He H. Hiejima J. C. Hill R. Hobbs M. Holmes W. Holzmann K. Homma B. Hong T. Horaguchi M. G. Hur T. Ichihara K. Imai M. Inaba D. Isenhower L. Isenhower M. Ishihara T. Isobe M. Issah A. Isupov B. V. Jacak J. Jia J. Jin O. Jinnouchi B. M. Johnson K. S. Joo D. Jouan F. Kajihara S. Kametani N. Kamihara M. Kaneta J. H. Kang T. Kawagishi A. V. Kazantsev S. Kelly A. Khanzadeev D. J. Kim E. Kim Y.-S. Kim E. Kinney A. Kiss E. Kistenev A. Kiyomichi C. Klein-Boesing L. Kochenda V. Kochetkov B. Komkov M. Konno D. Kotchetkov A. Kozlov P. J. Kroon G. J. Kunde N. Kurihara K. Kurita M. J. Kweon Y. Kwon G. S. Kyle R. Lacey J. G. Lajoie A. Lebedev Y. Le Bornec S. Leckey D. M. Lee M. K. Lee M Joint Institute for Nuclear Research 141980 Dubna Moscow Region Russia Columbia University New York New York 10027 USA and Nevis Laboratories Irvington New York 10533 USA Chemistry Department Stony Brook University SUNY Stony Brook New York 11794-3400 USA RIKEN The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan RIKEN BNL Research Center Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973-5000 USA New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico 88003 USA Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan SUBATECH (Ecole des Mines de Nantes CNRS-IN2P3 Université de Nantes) BP 20722 - 44307 Nantes France Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973-5000 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Stony Brook University SUNY Stony Brook New York 11794 USA Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA IHEP Protvino State Research Center of Russian Federation Institute for High Energy Physics Protvino 142281 Russia Dapnia CEA Saclay F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France University of California–Riverside Riverside California 92521 USA Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131 USA PNPI Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Gatchina Leningrad region 188300 Russia Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 USA Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University St. Petersburg Russia Institut für Kernphysik University of Muenster D-48149 Muenster Germany KAERI Cyclotron Application Laboratory Seoul Korea KEK High Energy Accelerator Research Organization Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan Yonsei University IPAP Seoul 120-749 Korea Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee 37235 USA Georgia State University Atlanta Georgia 30303 USA IPN-Orsay Universite Paris Sud CNRS-IN2P3 BP1 F-91406 Orsay France ELTE Eötvös Loránd University H - 1117 Budapest Pázmány P. s. 1/A Hungary KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics of the Hungarian Aca

A three-dimensional correlation function obtained from midrapidity, low pT, pion pairs in central Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV is studied. The extracted model-independent source function indicates a long range tail in the directions of the pion pair transverse momentum (out) and the beam (long). A proper breakup time τ0∼9 fm/c and a mean proper emission duration Δτ∼2 fm/c, leading to sizable emission time differences (⟨|ΔtLCM|⟩≈12 fm/c), are required to allow models to be successfully matched to these tails. The model comparisons also suggest an outside-in “burning” of the emission source reminiscent of many hydrodynamical models.

关键词： Hadrons

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Particle-Species Dependent Modification of Jet-Induced Correlations in Au+Au Collisions at sNN=200 GeV

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Physical Review Letters 2008年第8期101卷 082301-082301页

作者： S. Afanasiev C. Aidala N. N. Ajitanand Y. Akiba J. Alexander A. Al-Jamel K. Aoki L. Aphecetche R. Armendariz S. H. Aronson R. Averbeck T. C. Awes B. Azmoun V. Babintsev A. Baldisseri K. N. Barish P. D. Barnes B. Bassalleck S. Bathe S. Batsouli V. Baublis F. Bauer A. Bazilevsky S. Belikov R. Bennett Y. Berdnikov M. T. Bjorndal J. G. Boissevain H. Borel K. Boyle M. L. Brooks D. S. Brown D. Bucher H. Buesching V. Bumazhnov G. Bunce J. M. Burward-Hoy S. Butsyk S. Campbell J.-S. Chai S. Chernichenko J. Chiba C. Y. Chi M. Chiu I. J. Choi T. Chujo V. Cianciolo C. R. Cleven Y. Cobigo B. A. Cole M. P. Comets P. Constantin M. Csanád T. Csörgő T. Dahms K. Das G. David H. Delagrange A. Denisov D. d’Enterria A. Deshpande E. J. Desmond O. Dietzsch A. Dion J. L. Drachenberg O. Drapier A. Drees A. K. Dubey A. Durum V. Dzhordzhadze Y. V. Efremenko J. Egdemir A. Enokizono H. En’yo B. Espagnon S. Esumi D. E. Fields F. Fleuret S. L. Fokin B. Forestier Z. Fraenkel J. E. Frantz A. Franz A. D. Frawley Y. Fukao S.-Y. Fung S. Gadrat F. Gastineau M. Germain A. Glenn M. Gonin J. Gosset Y. Goto R. Granier de Cassagnac N. Grau S. V. Greene M. Grosse Perdekamp T. Gunji H.-Å. Gustafsson T. Hachiya A. Hadj Henni J. S. Haggerty M. N. Hagiwara H. Hamagaki H. Harada E. P. Hartouni K. Haruna M. Harvey E. Haslum K. Hasuko R. Hayano M. Heffner T. K. Hemmick J. M. Heuser X. He H. Hiejima J. C. Hill R. Hobbs M. Holmes W. Holzmann K. Homma B. Hong T. Horaguchi M. G. Hur T. Ichihara K. Imai M. Inaba D. Isenhower L. Isenhower M. Ishihara T. Isobe M. Issah A. Isupov B. V. Jacak J. Jia J. Jin O. Jinnouchi B. M. Johnson K. S. Joo D. Jouan F. Kajihara S. Kametani N. Kamihara M. Kaneta J. H. Kang T. Kawagishi A. V. Kazantsev S. Kelly A. Khanzadeev D. J. Kim E. Kim Y.-S. Kim E. Kinney A. Kiss E. Kistenev A. Kiyomichi C. Klein-Boesing L. Kochenda V. Kochetkov B. Komkov M. Konno D. Kotchetkov A. Kozlov P. J. Kroon G. J. Kunde N. Kurihara K. Kurita M. J. Kweon Y. Kwon G. S. Kyle R. Lacey J. G. Lajoie A. Lebedev Y. Le Bornec S. Leckey D. M. Lee M. K. Lee M. J. Leit Joint Institute for Nuclear Research 141980 Dubna Moscow Region Russia Columbia University New York New York 10027 USA and Nevis Laboratories Irvington New York 10533 USA Chemistry Department Stony Brook University SUNY Stony Brook New York 11794-3400 USA RIKEN The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan RIKEN BNL Research Center Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973-5000 USA New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico 88003 USA Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan SUBATECH (Ecole des Mines de Nantes CNRS-IN2P3 Université de Nantes) BP 20722-44307 Nantes France Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973-5000 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Stony Brook University SUNY Stony Brook New York 11794 USA Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA IHEP Protvino State Research Center of Russian Federation Institute for High Energy Physics Protvino 142281 Russia Dapnia CEA Saclay F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France University of California–Riverside Riverside California 92521 USA Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131 USA PNPI Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Gatchina Leningrad region 188300 Russia Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 USA Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University St. Petersburg Russia Institut für Kernphysik University of Muenster D-48149 Muenster Germany KAERI Cyclotron Application Laboratory Seoul Korea KEK High Energy Accelerator Research Organization Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan Yonsei University IPAP Seoul 120-749 Korea Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee 37235 USA Georgia State University Atlanta Georgia 30303 USA IPN-Orsay Universite Paris Sud CNRS-IN2P3 BP1 F-91406 Orsay France ELTE Eötvös Loránd University H-1117 Budapest Pázmány P. s. 1/A Hungary KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics of the Hungarian Academ

Measurements in Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV of jet correlations for a trigger hadron at intermediate transverse momentum (pT,trig) with associated mesons or baryons at lower pT,assoc indicate strong modification of the away-side jet. The ratio of jet-associated baryons to mesons increases with centrality and pT,assoc. For the most central collisions, the ratio is similar to that for inclusive measurements. This trend is incompatible with in-vacuum fragmentation but could be due to jetlike contributions from correlated soft partons, which recombine upon hadronization.

关键词： Hadrons

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Simulation of Fusion Plasmas:Current Status and Future Direction

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Plasma Science and Technology 2007年第3期9卷 312-387页

作者： D.A.Batchelor M.Beck A.Becoulet R.V.Budny C.S.Chang P.H.Diamond J.Q.Dong G.Y.FU A.Fukuyama T.S.Hahm D.E.Keyes Y.Kishimoto S.Klasky L.L.Lao K.Li Z.Lin B.Ludaescher J.Manickam N.Nakajima T.Ozeki N.Podhorszki W.M.Tang M.A.Vouk R.E.Waltz S.J.Wang H.R.Wilson X.Q.Xu M.Yagi F.Zonca Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN 37831USA 1122 Volunteer Blvd Suite 203KnoxvilleTN 37996-3450USA AssociationEURATOM-CEA sur la Fusio n Contr■lée CEA Cadarache13108 Saint Paul lez Durance CedexFrance Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory Princeton UniversityPrincetonNJ 08543USA Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences New York University251 Mercer StreetNew YorkNY 10012USA University of California at San Diego Dept.of Physics and Center for Astrophysics and Space SciencesLa JollaCA 92093USA Southwestern Institute of Physics Chengdu 610041China Department of Nuclear Engineering Kyoto UniversityKyoto 606-8501Japan Columbia University Department of Applied Physics and Applied MathematicsMC 4701New YorkNY 10027USA Department of Fundamental Energy Science Graduate School of Energy ScienceKyoto UniversityGokashoUjiKyoto 611-0011Japan General Atomics P.O.Box 85608San DiegoCA 92186USA Department of Computer Science Princeton University PrincetonNJ 08544USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of CaliforniaIrvineCA 92697USA Department of Computer Science University of California DavisCA95616USA National Institute for Fusion Science TokiGifu 509-5292Japan Japan Atomic Energy Agency Naka Fusion Research EstablishmentNaka-machiIbaraki-kenJapan Department of Computer Science North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Department of Physics Fudan University200433 ShanghaiChina Department of Physics University of YorkHeslingtonYork YO10 5DD UK Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCA 94550USA Research Institute for Applied Mechanics Kyushu UniversityKasuga 816-8580Japan Associazione Euratom-ENEA sulla fusione CR FrascatiCasella Postale 65-00044FrascatiItaly

I. Introduction (Z. Lin, G. Y. Fu, J. Q. Dong) II. Role of theory and simulation in fusion sciences 1. The Impact of theory and simulation on tokomak experiments (H. R. Wilson, T.S. Hahm and F. Zonca) 2. Tokomak Transport physics for the Era of ITER: Issues for Simulations (P.H. Diamond and T.S. Hahm) III. Status of fusion simulation and modeling 1. Nonlinear Governing Equations for Plasma Simulations (T. S. Hahm) 2. Equilibrium and stability (L.L. Lao, J. Manickam) 3. Transport modeling (R.E. Waltz) 4. Nonlinear MHD (G.Y. Fu) 5. Turbulence (Z. Lin and R.E. Waltz) 6. RF heating and current drive (D.A. Batchelor) 7. Edge physics Simulations (X.Q. Xu and C.S. Chang) 8. Energetic particle physics (F. Zonca, G.Y. Fu and S.J. Wang) 9. Time-dependent Integrated Modeling (R.V. Budny) 10. Validation and verification (J. Manickam) IV. Major initiatives on fusion simulation 1. US Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program & Fusion Energy Science (W. Tang) 2. EU Integrated Tokamak Modelling (ITM) Task Force (A. Becoulet) 3. Fusion Simulations Activities in Japan (A. Fukuyama, N. Nakajima, Y. Kishimoto, T. Ozeki, and M. Yagi) V. Cross-disciplinary research in fusion simulation 1. applied mathematics: Models, Discretizations, and Solvers (D.E. Keyes) 2. Computational Science (K. Li) 3. Scientific Data and Workflow Management (S. Klasky, M. Beck, B. Ludaescher, N. Podhorszki, M.A. Vouk) 4. Collaborative tools (J. Manickam)

关键词： mode ITER

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Suppression Pattern of Neutral Pions at High Transverse Momentum in Au+Au Collisions at sNN=200 GeV and Constraints on Medium Transport Coefficients

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Physical Review Letters 2008年第23期101卷 232301-232301页

作者： A. Adare S. Afanasiev C. Aidala N. N. Ajitanand Y. Akiba H. Al-Bataineh J. Alexander A. Al-Jamel K. Aoki L. Aphecetche R. Armendariz S. H. Aronson J. Asai E. T. Atomssa R. Averbeck T. C. Awes B. Azmoun V. Babintsev G. Baksay L. Baksay A. Baldisseri K. N. Barish P. D. Barnes B. Bassalleck S. Bathe S. Batsouli V. Baublis F. Bauer A. Bazilevsky S. Belikov R. Bennett Y. Berdnikov A. A. Bickley M. T. Bjorndal J. G. Boissevain H. Borel K. Boyle M. L. Brooks D. S. Brown D. Bucher H. Buesching V. Bumazhnov G. Bunce J. M. Burward-Hoy S. Butsyk S. Campbell J.-S. Chai B. S. Chang J.-L. Charvet S. Chernichenko J. Chiba C. Y. Chi M. Chiu I. J. Choi T. Chujo P. Chung A. Churyn V. Cianciolo C. R. Cleven Y. Cobigo B. A. Cole M. P. Comets P. Constantin M. Csanád T. Csörgő T. Dahms K. Das G. David M. B. Deaton K. Dehmelt H. Delagrange A. Denisov D. d’Enterria A. Deshpande E. J. Desmond O. Dietzsch A. Dion M. Donadelli J. L. Drachenberg O. Drapier A. Drees A. K. Dubey A. Durum V. Dzhordzhadze Y. V. Efremenko J. Egdemir F. Ellinghaus W. S. Emam A. Enokizono H. En’yo B. Espagnon S. Esumi K. O. Eyser D. E. Fields M. Finger M. Finger, Jr. F. Fleuret S. L. Fokin B. Forestier Z. Fraenkel J. E. Frantz A. Franz A. D. Frawley K. Fujiwara Y. Fukao S.-Y. Fung T. Fusayasu S. Gadrat I. Garishvili F. Gastineau M. Germain A. Glenn H. Gong M. Gonin J. Gosset Y. Goto R. Granier de Cassagnac N. Grau S. V. Greene M. Grosse Perdekamp T. Gunji H.-Å. Gustafsson T. Hachiya A. Hadj Henni C. Haegemann J. S. Haggerty M. N. Hagiwara H. Hamagaki R. Han H. Harada E. P. Hartouni K. Haruna M. Harvey E. Haslum K. Hasuko R. Hayano M. Heffner T. K. Hemmick T. Hester J. M. Heuser X. He H. Hiejima J. C. Hill R. Hobbs M. Hohlmann M. Holmes W. Holzmann K. Homma B. Hong T. Horaguchi D. Hornback M. G. Hur T. Ichihara K. Imai J. Imrek M. Inaba Y. Inoue D. Isenhower L. Isenhower M. Ishihara T. Isobe M. Issah A. Isupov B. V. Jacak J. Jia J. Jin O. Jinnouchi B. M. Johnson K. S. Joo D. Jouan F. Kajihara S. Kametani N. Kamihara J. Kamin M. Kaneta J. H. Kang H. Kanou T. Kawagis University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Joint Institute for Nuclear Research 141980 Dubna Moscow Region Russia Columbia University New York New York 10027 and Nevis Laboratories Irvington New York 10533 USA Chemistry Department Stony Brook University SUNY Stony Brook New York 11794-3400 USA RIKEN The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan RIKEN BNL Research Center Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973-5000 USA New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico 88003 USA Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan SUBATECH (Ecole des Mines de Nantes CNRS-IN2P3 Université de Nantes) BP 20722-44307 Nantes France Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973-5000 USA Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet Ecole Polytechnique CNRS-IN2P3 Route de Saclay F-91128 Palaiseau France Department of Physics and Astronomy Stony Brook University SUNY Stony Brook New York 11794 USA Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA IHEP Protvino State Research Center of Russian Federation Institute for High Energy Physics Protvino 142281 Russia Florida Institute of Technology Melbourne Florida 32901 USA Dapnia CEA Saclay F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France University of California-Riverside Riverside California 92521 USA Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131 USA PNPI Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Gatchina Leningrad region 188300 Russia Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 USA Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University St. Petersburg Russia Institut für Kernphysik University of Muenster D-48149 Muenster Germany KAERI Cyclotron Application Laboratory Seoul Korea Yonsei University IPAP Seoul 120-749 Korea KEK High Energy Accelerator Research Organization Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee 37235

For Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV, we measure neutral pion production with good statistics for transverse momentum, pT, up to 20 GeV/c. A fivefold suppression is found, which is essentially constant for 5<pT<20 ... 详细信息

关键词： Germanium alloys

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Seeking shear waves in liquids with picosecond ultrasonics

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Journal of physics: Conference Series 2007年第1期92卷

作者： Msall, M.E. Wright, O.B. Matsuda, O. Department of Physics and Astronomy Bowdoin College Brunswick ME 04011 United States Department of Applied Physics Graduate School of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-8628 Japan

Picosecond shear acoustic pulses can be generated in solids using ultrashort optical pulses. Here we use this technique to seek high frequency shear waves in water, ethylene glycol and glycerol while simultaneously measuring high frequency longitudinal wave velocity and attenuation. We use a silica thin film on (114) GaAs to generate shear and longitudinal acoustic pulses at frequencies up to ∼50 GHz by ultrashort pulsed optical excitation. The acoustic pulses are transmitted into adjacent liquids, and are detected through variations in the optical reflectivity. Although we could not detect shear waves in these liquids, we did detect gigahertz longitudinal elastic stiffening. © 2007 IOP Publishing Ltd.

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Nonequilibrium Tricritical Point in a System with Long-Range Interactions

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Physical Review Letters 2007年第4期99卷 040601-040601页

作者： Andrea Antoniazzi Duccio Fanelli Stefano Ruffo Yoshiyuki Y. Yamaguchi Dipartimento di Energetica and CSDC Università di Firenze and INFN via S. Marta 3 50139 Firenze Italy Theoretical Physics School of Physics and Astronomy University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL United Kingdom Department of Applied Mathematics and Physics Graduate School of Informatics Kyoto University 606-8501 Kyoto Japan

Systems with long-range interactions display a short-time relaxation towards quasistationary states whose lifetime increases with system size. With reference to the Hamiltonian mean field model, we here show that a maximum entropy principle, based on Lynden-Bell’s pioneering idea of “violent relaxation,” predicts the presence of out-of-equilibrium phase transitions separating the relaxation towards homogeneous (zero magnetization) or inhomogeneous (nonzero magnetization) quasistationary states. When varying the initial condition within a family of “water bags” with different initial magnetization and energy, first- and second-order phase transition lines are found that merge at an out-of-equilibrium tricritical point. Metastability is theoretically predicted and numerically checked around the first-order phase transition line.

关键词： Electron energy levels

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Charged hadron multiplicity fluctuations in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions from sNN=22.5 to 200 GeV

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Physical Review C 2008年第4期78卷 044902-044902页

作者： A. Adare S. S. Adler S. Afanasiev C. Aidala N. N. Ajitanand Y. Akiba H. Al-Bataineh J. Alexander A. Al-Jamel K. Aoki L. Aphecetche R. Armendariz S. H. Aronson J. Asai E. T. Atomssa R. Averbeck T. C. Awes B. Azmoun V. Babintsev G. Baksay L. Baksay A. Baldisseri K. N. Barish P. D. Barnes B. Bassalleck S. Bathe S. Batsouli V. Baublis F. Bauer A. Bazilevsky S. Belikov R. Bennett Y. Berdnikov A. A. Bickley M. T. Bjorndal J. G. Boissevain H. Borel K. Boyle M. L. Brooks D. S. Brown N. Bruner D. Bucher H. Buesching V. Bumazhnov G. Bunce J. M. Burward-Hoy S. Butsyk X. Camard S. Campbell J.-S. Chai P. Chand B. S. Chang W. C. Chang J.-L. Charvet S. Chernichenko J. Chiba C. Y. Chi M. Chiu I. J. Choi R. K. Choudhury T. Chujo P. Chung A. Churyn V. Cianciolo C. R. Cleven Y. Cobigo B. A. Cole M. P. Comets P. Constantin M. Csanád T. Csörgő J. P. Cussonneau T. Dahms K. Das G. David F. Deák M. B. Deaton K. Dehmelt H. Delagrange A. Denisov D. d'Enterria A. Deshpande E. J. Desmond A. Devismes O. Dietzsch A. Dion M. Donadelli J. L. Drachenberg O. Drapier A. Drees A. K. Dubey A. Durum D. Dutta V. Dzhordzhadze Y. V. Efremenko J. Egdemir F. Ellinghaus W. S. Emam A. Enokizono H. En'yo B. Espagnon S. Esumi K. O. Eyser D. E. Fields C. Finck M. Finger, Jr. M. Finger F. Fleuret S. L. Fokin B. Forestier B. D. Fox Z. Fraenkel J. E. Frantz A. Franz A. D. Frawley K. Fujiwara Y. Fukao S.-Y. Fung T. Fusayasu S. Gadrat I. Garishvili F. Gastineau M. Germain A. Glenn H. Gong M. Gonin J. Gosset Y. Goto R. Granier de Cassagnac N. Grau S. V. Greene M. Grosse Perdekamp T. Gunji H.-Å. Gustafsson T. Hachiya A. Hadj Henni C. Haegemann J. S. Haggerty M. N. Hagiwara H. Hamagaki R. Han A. G. Hansen H. Harada E. P. Hartouni K. Haruna M. Harvey E. Haslum K. Hasuko R. Hayano M. Heffner T. K. Hemmick T. Hester J. M. Heuser X. He P. Hidas H. Hiejima J. C. Hill R. Hobbs M. Hohlmann M. Holmes W. Holzmann K. Homma B. Hong A. Hoover T. Horaguchi D. Hornback M. G. Hur T. Ichihara V. V. Ikonnikov K. Imai M. Inaba Y. Inoue M. Inuzuka D. Isenhower L. Isenhower M. Ishihara T University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973-5000 USA Joint Institute for Nuclear Research RU-141980 Dubna Moscow Region Russia Columbia University New York New York 10027 USA Nevis Laboratories Irvington New York 10533 USA Chemistry Department Stony Brook University SUNY Stony Brook New York 11794 USA KEK High Energy Accelerator Research Organization Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan RIKEN Institute of Physical and Chemical Research Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan RIKEN BNL Research Center Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973-5000 USA New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico 88003 USA Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan SUBATECH (Ecole des Mines de Nantes CNRS-IN2P3 Université de Nantes) BP 20722-44307 Nantes France Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet Ecole Polytechnique CNRS-IN2P3 Route de Saclay F-91128 Palaiseau France Department of Physics and Astronomy Stony Brook University SUNY Stony Brook New York 11794 USA Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA IHEP Protvino State Research Center of Russian Federation Institute for High Energy Physics Protvino RU-142281 Russia Florida Institute of Technology Melbourne Florida 32901 USA Dapnia CEA Saclay F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France University of California-Riverside Riverside California 92521 USA Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131 USA Institut für Kernphysik University of Muenster D-48149 Muenster Germany PNPI Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Gatchina Leningrad Region RU-188300 Russia Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 USA St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University St. Petersburg Russia Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore California 94550 USA KAERI Cyclotron Application Laboratory Seoul Korea Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Bombay 400 085 India Yonsei University IPAP Seoul 120-749 Kor

A comprehensive survey of event-by-event fluctuations of charged hadron multiplicity in relativistic heavy ions is presented. The survey covers Au+Au collisions at sNN=62.4 and 200 GeV, and Cu+Cu collisions at sNN=22.5,62.4, and 200 GeV. Fluctuations are measured as a function of collision centrality, transverse momentum range, and charge sign. After correcting for nondynamical fluctuations due to fluctuations in the collision geometry within a centrality bin, the remaining dynamical fluctuations expressed as the variance normalized by the mean tend to decrease with increasing centrality. The dynamical fluctuations are consistent with or below the expectation from a superposition of participant nucleon-nucleon collisions based upon p+p data, indicating that this dataset does not exhibit evidence of critical behavior in terms of the compressibility of the system. A comparison of the data with a model where hadrons are independently emitted from a number of hadron clusters suggests that the mean number of hadrons per cluster is small in heavy ion collisions.

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Cold nuclear matter effects on J/ψ production as constrained by deuteron-gold measurements at sNN=200 GeV

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Physical Review C 2008年第2期77卷 024912-024912页

作者： A. Adare S. S. Adler S. Afanasiev C. Aidala N. N. Ajitanand Y. Akiba H. Al-Bataineh J. Alexander A. Al-Jamel K. Aoki L. Aphecetche R. Armendariz S. H. Aronson J. Asai E. T. Atomssa R. Averbeck T. C. Awes B. Azmoun V. Babintsev G. Baksay L. Baksay A. Baldisseri K. N. Barish P. D. Barnes B. Bassalleck S. Bathe S. Batsouli V. Baublis F. Bauer A. Bazilevsky S. Belikov R. Bennett Y. Berdnikov A. A. Bickley M. T. Bjorndal J. G. Boissevain H. Borel K. Boyle M. L. Brooks D. S. Brown N. Bruner D. Bucher H. Buesching V. Bumazhnov G. Bunce J. M. Burward-Hoy S. Butsyk X. Camard S. Campbell P. Chand B. S. Chang W. C. Chang J.-L. Charvet S. Chernichenko J. Chiba C. Y. Chi M. Chiu I. J. Choi R. K. Choudhury T. Chujo P. Chung A. Churyn V. Cianciolo C. R. Cleven Y. Cobigo B. A. Cole M. P. Comets P. Constantin M. Csanád T. Csörgő J. P. Cussonneau T. Dahms K. Das G. David F. Deák M. B. Deaton K. Dehmelt H. Delagrange A. Denisov D. d'Enterria A. Deshpande E. J. Desmond A. Devismes O. Dietzsch A. Dion M. Donadelli J. L. Drachenberg O. Drapier A. Drees A. K. Dubey A. Durum D. Dutta V. Dzhordzhadze Y. V. Efremenko J. Egdemir F. Ellinghaus W. S. Emam A. Enokizono H. En'yo B. Espagnon S. Esumi K. O. Eyser D. E. Fields C. Finck M. Finger Jr. M. Finger F. Fleuret S. L. Fokin B. D. Fox Z. Fraenkel J. E. Frantz A. Franz A. D. Frawley K. Fujiwara Y. Fukao S.-Y. Fung T. Fusayasu S. Gadrat I. Garishvili M. Germain A. Glenn H. Gong M. Gonin J. Gosset Y. Goto R. Granier de Cassagnac N. Grau S. V. Greene M. Grosse Perdekamp T. Gunji H.-Å. Gustafsson T. Hachiya A. Hadj Henni C. Haegemann J. S. Haggerty H. Hamagaki R. Han A. G. Hansen H. Harada E. P. Hartouni K. Haruna M. Harvey E. Haslum K. Hasuko R. Hayano M. Heffner T. K. Hemmick T. Hester J. M. Heuser X. He P. Hidas H. Hiejima J. C. Hill R. Hobbs M. Hohlmann W. Holzmann K. Homma B. Hong A. Hoover T. Horaguchi D. Hornback T. Ichihara V. V. Ikonnikov K. Imai M. Inaba Y. Inoue M. Inuzuka D. Isenhower L. Isenhower M. Ishihara T. Isobe M. Issah A. Isupov B. V. Jacak J. Jia J. Jin O. Jinnouchi B. M. J University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973-5000 USA Joint Institute for Nuclear Research RU-141980 Dubna Moscow Region Russia Columbia University New York 10027 and Nevis Laboratories Irvington New York 10533 USA Chemistry Department Stony Brook University Stony Brook SUNY New York 11794-3400 USA KEK High Energy Accelerator Research Organization Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan RIKEN The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan RIKEN BNL Research Center Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973-5000 USA New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico 88003 USA Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan SUBATECH (Ecole des Mines de Nantes CNRS-IN2P3 Université de Nantes) BP 20722 F-44307 Nantes France Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet Ecole Polytechnique CNRS-IN2P3 Route de Saclay F-91128 Palaiseau France Department of Physics and Astronomy Stony Brook University SUNY Stony Brook New York 11794 USA Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA IHEP Protvino State Research Center of Russian Federation Institute for High Energy Physics Protvino RU-142281 Russia Florida Institute of Technology Melbourne Florida 32901 USA Dapnia CEA Saclay F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France University of California—Riverside Riverside California 92521 USA Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131 USA Institut für Kernphysik University of Muenster D-48149 Muenster Germany PNPI Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Gatchina Leningrad Region RU-188300 Russia Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University St. Petersburg Russia Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore California 94550 USA Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Bombay 400 085 India Yonsei University IPAP Seoul 120-749 Korea Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Taipei 11529 Taiwan University of Illinois at Urbana-

We present a new analysis of J/ψ production yields in deuteron-gold collisions at sNN=200 GeV using data taken from the PHENIX experiment in 2003 and previously published in S. S. Adler et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett 96, 012304 (2006)]. The high statistics proton-proton J/ψ data taken in 2005 are used to improve the baseline measurement and thus construct updated cold nuclear matter modification factors (RdAu). A suppression of J/ψ in cold nuclear matter is observed as one goes forward in rapidity (in the deuteron-going direction), corresponding to a region more sensitive to initial-state low-x gluons in the gold nucleus. The measured nuclear modification factors are compared to theoretical calculations of nuclear shadowing to which a J/ψ (or precursor) breakup cross section is added. Breakup cross sections of σbreakup=2.8−1.4+1.7 (2.2−1.5+1.6) mb are obtained by fitting these calculations to the data using two different models of nuclear shadowing. These breakup cross-section values are consistent within large uncertainties with the 4.2±0.5 mb determined at lower collision energies. Projecting this range of cold nuclear matter effects to copper-copper and gold-gold collisions reveals that the current constraints are not sufficient to firmly quantify the additional hot nuclear matter effect.

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