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A deep learning framework for automatic assessment of presence in virtual reality using multimodal behavioral cues

Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第8期37卷 6283-6303页

作者： Pannattee, Peerawat Shimada, Shogo Yem, Vibol Nishiuchi, Nobuyuki Graduate School of Systems Design Tokyo Metropolitan University Tokyo191-0065 Japan Graduate School of Science and Technology Degree Program in Systems and Information Engineering University of Tsukuba Ibaraki3058573 Japan

Effective development of virtual reality (VR) applications is heavily reliant on the evaluation of user experience (UX). However, traditional methods such as questionnaires have inherent limitations which hinder their ability to capture nuanced behavioral responses and impede the agility of VR content creation: They are time-consuming, burdensome for users, and require significant human effort for interpretation. This study introduces an automated framework aimed at addressing the limitations of questionnaire-based evaluations to assess UX in VR. Our primary focus is to validate the concept of this framework through assessment of the sense of presence (SOP), a crucial psychological perception with significant impact on VR UX. Our proposed framework utilizes a deep neural network (DNN) to analyze patterns in multimodal behavioral cues, including facial expressions, head movements, and hand movements, to predict scores from the Igroup Presence Questionnaire (IPQ). Additionally, we introduce two statistical profiles: the Visual Entropy Profile (VEP), which offers insights into visual complexity by depicting scene entropy, and the Experiential Presence Profile (EPP), which is designed to capture users’ historical SOP levels to enable personalized baseline and sensitivity estimation. The proposed framework achieves a significant correlation between actual and predicted IPQ scores, with a Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient of 0.7303, showcasing the potential of DNNs in analyzing complex behavioral signals and automating SOP assessment. This study represents a pioneering effort in leveraging DNNs for the automatic assessment of SOP and paves the way for future advances in automatically assessing VR UX and unlocking new opportunities in the field. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Virtual environments

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An Augmented Reality Game's User Experience and Its Effect on Immersion Leading to Intention 11

An Augmented Reality Game's User Experience and Its Effect o...

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11th International Conference on ICT for Smart Society, ICISS 2024

作者： Oktavia, Tanty Utomo, Kawang Gaol, Ford Lumban Hosoda, Takaaki Bina Nusantara University Binus Graduate Program - Information System Management Information Systems Management Department Jakarta11480 Indonesia Bina Nusantara University Binus Graduate Program - Computer Science Computer Science Department Jakarta11480 Indonesia Advanced Institute of Industrial Technology Decision Science Department Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350389654

Since the emergence of Pokémon Go in 2016, the world has been introduced to Augmented Reality (AR) games. Many IT companies have begun developing augmented reality (AR) games due to the great commercial potential in this industry. Certain products may have managed to remain viable in the market, while others were forced to close due to one or two factors. Since the emergence of Pokémon Go, no other game has managed to surpass its unprecedented success. The company responsible for developing Pokémon Go has decided to shut down one of their games due to a lack of consumer interest. The technology of augmented reality (AR) is consistently associated with the concept of immersion. Immersion is a key aspect of the game that allows users to deeply engage and feel fully involved in the experience. This study will employ a quantitative methodology, utilising a questionnaire that will be distributed to and completed by those who have engaged in augmented reality (AR) games. The data will be analysed using Smart PLS to examine the impact of user experience on immersion, which in turn influences intention. After gathering over 200 participants by spreading google form questionnaires and doing data analysis, the findings indicate that only a few aspects of user experience, namely Brand Experience and User Need Experience, have an impact on reasons. Niantic, the developer of Pokémon Go, was unable to replicate their success with a similar augmented reality game called Harry Potter: Wizards Unite. The initial release occurred on June 21, 2019, and the shutdown took place on December 21, 2021. In the beginning, they shown a profound enthusiasm for the game but were unable to sustain it, much as Pokémon Go. According to Niantic CEO John Hanke, the primary reason for the game's shutdown was its immersion. Immersion has a notable impact on User Confirmation, which in turn has a notable impact on Satisfaction, and Satisfaction has a notable impact on Intention. Moreover, there have be

关键词： Plant shutdowns

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High-Precision and Large-Range Deflection of Light Beam with Fast Steering Mirrors

High-Precision and Large-Range Deflection of Light Beam with...

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CLEO: science and Innovations in CLEO 2024, CLEO: S and I 2024 - Part of Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

作者： Mei, Tianjin Huang, Ke Fang, Haoran Zhang, Zixiao Liu, Chen School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Master Program Physics Graduate School Paris-Saclay University France

We proposed a combined kinematic model and mechanical decoupling method to extend FSM's operation range. Experimental result demonstrates pointing error is smaller than 0.05° in the range of -30° to 36&#... 详细信息

关键词： Kinematics

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High-Precision and Large-Range Deflection of Light Beam with Fast Steering Mirrors

High-Precision and Large-Range Deflection of Light Beam with...

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2024 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2024

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171395

关键词： Laser mirrors

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Dynamic Terrain Data Exchange in a Collaborative Terrain Editor

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Informatica (Slovenia) 2022年第4期46卷 575-582页

作者： Tarigan, Jos Timanta Sitompul, Opim Salim Zarlis, Muhammad Nababan, Erna Budhiarti Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan Indonesia Information Systems Management Department BINUS Graduate Program Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia

In a computer supported cooperative work (CSCW), data consistency between collaborating users is a crucial issue. Based on the type of the application, ensuring data consistency can be a lengthy process that takes time and affects the system’s performance. In most 3D application, terrain data are massive due to its size. Exchanging this data may be expensive and may cause significant delay. In a real-time collaborative terrain editor, this issue becomes more significant due to terrain data exchange is consistently occurred between collaborating users. We present a solution to perform a conflict-free dynamic terrain data exchange in a real-time collaborative terrain editor. Our objective is to develop a method that able to ensure data consistency amongst collaborating peers in real-time manner. The main idea of our method is to split the terrain into smaller patches and synchronize the changes efficiently by only exchanging the modified patches. We applied our solution to a collaborative terrain editor application to test its performance in a real-time collaborative editing session. The tests were done in multiple scenarios, using different patch model, brush size (in the terrain editor), and connection setup between server and collaborating clients. The result shows that our protocol is capable to maintain data consistency between collaborating clients in a real-time terrain edition session. The delay is varied and highly depends on the data size and client-server environment setup. The overall test shows that it is possible to perform a collaborative terrain editing with an acceptable response time delay. In this paper, we present our proposed method, the implementation, and the result data from the test. © 2022 Slovene Society Informatika. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electronic data interchange

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Integer programming Approaches to an Issue of Scheduling for a Truck-Drone Last-Mile Delivery System with Parcel Pickup Service 13

Integer Programming Approaches to an Issue of Scheduling for...

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Joint 13th International Conference on Soft Computing and Intelligent Systems and 25th International Symposium on Advanced Intelligent Systems, SCIS and ISIS 2024

作者： Yamada, Kotaro Karuno, Yoshiyuki Iima, Hitoshi Graduate School of Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology Mechanodesign Program Kyoto Japan Kyoto Institute of Technology Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Kyoto Japan Kyoto Institute of Technology Faculty of Information and Human Sciences Kyoto Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350373332

In this paper, we consider a scheduling issue for parcel delivery and pickup services by a truck-drone last-mile delivery system. We are given a single carrier truck and multiple identical drones to serve a finite set of customers. The single carrier truck plays the role of a mobile depot for the drones, and it visits several stops in a given order of them. The given order of stops constitutes a fixed truck route, and the carrier truck is allowed to launch (resp., to retrieve) a drone to (resp., from) a customer at a stop. For each sortie of a drone, the launching stop and the retrieving stop must be the same. The load capacity of a drone is limited to one, and for a sortie of a drone at a stop, there are three options: (i) only deliver a parcel to a customer, (ii) only pick up a parcel from a customer, and (iii) deliver a parcel to a customer, and then pick up a parcel from a customer. The scheduling problem asks to find an assignment of customers to drones with sortie options and a choice of a truck stop for each sortie in the assignment. The objective is to minimize the total duration of the carrier truck over all the stops, which is equivalent to minimizing the makespan. In this paper, we first propose an extended integer program for the case with both delivery and pickup services from an existing one for the case with delivery service only. We also conduct numerical experiments to demonstrate the solution quality of the proposed integer program by utilizing an integer programming solver, and report the results. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Integer programming

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EFFECTS OF REFRACTIVE INDEX AND ASPECT RATIO ON THE PARTICLE IMAGES IN A LEVITATED DROPLET

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Multiphase science and technology 2024年第1期36卷 13-26页

作者： Gatete, Eugene Kaneko, Akiko Shen, Biao University of Tsukuba Systems and Information Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Degree Program of Engineering Mechanics and Energy 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki305-8573 Japan University of Tsukuba Faculty of Engineering of Information Engineering and Systems 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki305-8573 Japan

A technique using droplets suspended by ultrasound has attracted attention as one of the containerless processing methods. While this can avoid contamination from the container, it is known that ultrasonic levitation creates flow fields inside and outside the droplet. For more precise droplet control, it is desirable to elucidate the internal flow of the droplet, and measurements of the internal flow have been performed using the particle image velocimetry (PIV). The aim of this study is to elucidate the internal flow field behavior by solving optical problems and improving the accuracy of velocity field measurements in levitated droplets. The fluid that is to be investigated is scattered with small tracer particles and illuminated by a laser to capture the flow on a created laser sheet. The curvature distortion is successfully visualized using the PIV approach toward distortion correction using calibration methods. The curvature distortion illustration was performed based on the refractive index and aspect ratio of the simulated droplet in acrylic materials. The fluid flow, affected by droplet curvature and refractive index, has been visualized for both levitated and simulated droplets. The experimental results showed that the droplet curvature can be distorted in two types such as radial and tangential distortions and increase as the refractive index and aspect ratio increases. © 2024 by Begell House, Inc.

关键词： Refractive index

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SFA-Net: A Selective Features Absorption Network for Object Detection in Rainy Weather Conditions

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IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems 2023年第8期34卷 5122-5132页

作者： Huang, Shih-Chia Hoang, Quoc-Viet Le, Trung-Hieu National Taipei University of Technology Department of Electronic Engineering Taipei10608 Taiwan National Taipei University of Technology International Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Taipei10608 Taiwan Hung Yen University of Technology and Education Faculty of Information Technology Hungyen 17000 Viet Nam

In recent years, object detection approaches using deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have derived major advances in normal images. However, such success is hardly achieved with rainy images due to lack of visibility. Aiming to bridge this gap, in this article, we present a novel selective features absorption network (SFA-Net) to improve the performance of object detection not only in rainy weather conditions but also in favorable weather conditions. SFA-Net accomplishes this objective by utilizing three subnetworks, where the feature selection subnetwork is concatenated with the object detection subnetwork through the feature absorption subnetwork to form a unified model. To promote further advancement in object detection impaired by rain, we propose a large-scale rainy image dataset, named srRain, which contains both synthetic rainy images and real-world rainy images for training and testing purposes. srRain is comprised of 25 900 rainy images depicting diverse driving scenarios in the presence of rain with a total of 181 164 instances interpreting five common object categories. Experimental results display that our SFA-Net reaches the highest mean average precision (mAP) of 77.53% on a normal image set, 62.52% on a synthetic rainy image set, 37.34% on a collected natural rainy image set, and 32.86% on a published real rainy image set, surpassing current state-of-the-art object detectors and the combination of image deraining and object detection models while retaining a high speed. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Feature extraction

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A Design Study on Integrated Complex Coefficient Filters with Peripheral Circuits for Accurate Frequency Response Measurement

IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems

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IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, information and Systems 2025年第1期145卷 16-24页

作者： Shouno, Kazuhiro Sato, Lina Fukagawa, Kanta Tanimoto, Hiroshi Muto, Cosy Division of Information Engineering University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennoudai Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8573 Japan Graduate School of Science and Technology Degree Programs in Systems and Information Engineering Master’s Program in Computer Science University of Tsukuba Japan Kitami Institute of Technology 165 Koen-cho Hokkaido Kitami090-8507 Japan Faculty of Education Nagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki852-8521 Japan

This paper proposes a measurement technique for an integrated complex filter. The proposed method is based on two measurement methods with integrated circuitry for calibration. It is accomplished by applying square waves to an FUT (Filter Under Test) instead of sinusoidal waves or by superposing transfer characteristics obtained by applying a single sinusoidal wave to an FUT. In both of the above methods, the output signal connected to the external measurement equipment via a 50 Ω coaxial cable and so on. In this case, the output signal of the FUT should be amplified by internal or external amplifiers, which degrades the response. However, it is cancelled out by the proposed calibration circuitry with some analog switches. In addition to the above, for the RC polyphase filter, the source resistance and the load capacitance degrade the measurement results and their effect is discussed. The validity of the proposal is confirmed through computer simulation for a third-order RCPF whose passband is 8–40 MHz fabricated by Phenitec 0.6 µm CMOS process. It is shown that the measurement error is −1.10 dB for the square-wave method and −1.00 dB and −0.43 degrees for the superposition method at 40 MHz. © 2025 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.

关键词： Capacitance

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Lightweight Authenticated Key Agreement Protocol for Smart Power Grid Systems Using PUF

IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society

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IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society 2024年 5卷 3568-3580页

作者： Zahoor, Amina Mahmood, Khalid Saleem, Muhammad Asad Badar, Hafiz Muhammad Sanaullah Le, Tuan-Vinh Das, Ashok Kumar Department of Computer Science Sahiwal57000 Pakistan National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Graduate School of Intelligent Data Science Douliu64002 Taiwan University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Computer Science and Engineering Chengdu611731 China Emerson University Multan Department of Emerging Computing Technologies Multan61000 Pakistan Fu Jen Catholic University Bachelor's Program of Artificial Intelligence and Information Security New Taipei City24206 Taiwan International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad Center for Security Theory and Algorithmic Research Hyderabad500032 India

The Smart Power Grid (SPG) is pivotal in orchestrating and managing demand response in contemporary smart cities, leveraging the prowess of information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). Within the immersive SPG environment, the ubiquitous deployment of smart meters stands as a testament to their paramount importance in the realm of vigilant monitoring and oversight. These smart meters are installed on high-tension electricity lines and transmit information about electricity outages and other issues to the utility center. To access services from utility centers, smart meters need to communicate securely over a public channel, even though the network itself is insecure. However, potential attacks from adversaries ( Ad) can exploit this communication. Therefore, protecting this communication is of utmost importance. Several privacy-preserving authentication protocols designed for SPG have been introduced in the literature. Nevertheless, a significant number of these protocols exhibit vulnerabilities to diverse security attacks. This article introduces a lightweight and anonymous authentication protocol specifically designed to address these concerns in the SPG environment. Our protocol ensures both security and efficiency, surpassing other comparable protocols in terms of its lightweight nature. By employing both formal and informal analysis, we showcase the robustness of our protocol against significant attacks while remaining lightweight. The proposed protocol provides added security features and incurs 23.8879% lower computation cost than related protocols. Consequently, our protocol is highly suitable for implementation in the SPG system. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Hash functions

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