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Water scarcity and drought in WANA countries

Procedia Engineering 2012年 33卷 14-29页

作者： Jauad El Kharraz Alaa El-Sadek Noreddine Ghaffour Eric Mino Euro-Mediterranean Information System on know-how in the Water sector (EMWIS) BP 23 Sophia Antipolis 06901 France Water Resources Management Program College of Graduate Studies Arabian Gulf University Kingdom of Bahrain Water Desalination and Reuse Center King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) KSA

Water Security was a central theme of WANA Forum 2010, where regional experts warned that the wars of the 21st century will be fought over water. Climate change will only exacerbate problems in a region already stressed by lack of water, food and political and social unrest. Across the Arc of Crisis, from Somalia, Sudan and Egypt in Africa to Yemen, Iraq, Pakistan, and Afghanistan in West Asia, water scarcity in the region has already lead to drought and famine, loss of livelihood, the spread of water-borne diseases, forced migrations and open conflict. Water scarcity is closely linked to food and health security, making better water management a key stepping stone for poverty reduction and economic growth. If nothing changes, most of the WANA countries will encounter, in less than a generation, serious problems in managing inland freshwater, the availability of which, in sufficient quantity and quality, may become, as it is already the case in several of these countries, a main challenge for economic and social development. Wastage and pollution will then be such that « water stress » will affect, in a way or another, most of the populations of WANA countries and the poorest first of all. The effects of global warming will increase current trends. On the other hand, water scarcity in the WANA region is an issue of growing concern. With heavy demand from agriculture, growing populations and virtually no remaining untapped water sources, the need to establish water-management strategies in the region is of vital importance. WANA countries can be divided into three major agro-ecologies, each facing slightly different challenges. Rain-fed areas are dependent on a low and extremely variable rainfall, resulting in minimal yields, a problem exacerbated by frequent drought. Rainfall occurs in the form of intense and unpredictable storms, and as a result, the crusting soils are unable to absorb the moisture, which rapidly becomes lost through evaporation or runoff. Irrigate

关键词： water scarcity drought WANA region water demand water supply climate change

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Development of a novel all-optical fiber isolator using a CdSe quantum dots doped optical fiber

Development of a novel all-optical fiber isolator using a Cd...

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Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition

作者： Seongmin Ju Youngwoong Kim Pramod R. Watekar Seongmook Jeong Won-Taek Han Department of Information and Communications Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) Graduate Program of Photonics and Applied Physics Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) School of Electronics Engineering VIT University

A novel all-optical fiber isolator with 14 dB isolation at 660 nm was developed by using a CdSe quantum dots doped optical fiber of 183 cm length at magnetic field of 0.1 T.

ISBN: (纸本)9781467302623

A novel all-optical fiber isolator with 14 dB isolation at 660 nm was developed by using a CdSe quantum dots doped optical fiber of 183 cm length at magnetic field of 0.1 T.

关键词： Fiber optic communications High power fiber lasers Magnetic fields Optical fibers Quantum dots Single mode fibers Fiber optics (060.2310) Faraday effect (230.2240) Isolators (230.3240)

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Organic Solar Cells: Highly Efficient and Bendable Organic Solar Cells with Solution‐Processed Silver Nanowire Electrodes (Adv. Funct. Mater. 34/2013)

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Advanced Functional Materials 2013年第34期23卷

作者： Myungkwan Song Dae Sung You Kyounga Lim Sujin Park Sunghoon Jung Chang Su Kim Dong‐Ho Kim Do‐Geun Kim Jongk‐Kuk Kim Juyun Park Yong‐Cheol Kang Jinhee Heo Sung‐Ho Jin Jong Hyun Park Jae‐Wook Kang Surface Technology Division Korea Institute of Materials Science Changwon 641‐831 Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry Pukyong National University Busan 608‐737 Republic of Korea Advanced Characterization and Analysis Department Korea Institute of Materials Science Changwon 641‐831 Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry Education and Interdisciplinary Program of Advanced Information and Display Materials Pusan National University Busan 609‐735 Republic of Korea Material R&D Department LG Display Co. Ltd. Gyeonggi‐do 413‐811 Republic of Korea Professional Graduate School of Flexible and Printable Electronics Department of Flexible and Printable Electronics Chonbuk National University Jeonju 561‐756 Republic of Korea

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Broadband antireflective glasses with subwavelength structures using randomly distributed Ag nanoparticles

Broadband antireflective glasses with subwavelength structur...

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作者： Park, Gyeong Cheol Song, Young Min Ha, Jong-Hoon Lee, Yong Tak Department of Information and Communications Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Gwangju 500-712 Korea Republic of Graduate Program of Photonics and Applied Physics Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Gwangju 500-712 Korea Republic of Department OfNanobio Materials and Electronics Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Gwangju 500-712 Korea Republic of

We demonstrate broadband antireflective glasses with subwavelength structures (SWSs) using randomly distributed Ag nanoparticles. Ag nanoparticles formed by a thermal dewetting process were used as an etch mask for dry etching to fabricate antireflective SWSs on the glass surface. The size and shape of Ag nanoparticles are changed by the different thickness of the Ag thin film. The morphology of SWSs fabricated by using the Ag thin films is well consistent with that of the Ag nanoparticles. The single-side SWS integrated glass exhibits improved transmittance of ∼96% at 750 nm due to the graded refractive index profiles, while the transmittance is only ∼92.5% for the flat surface. To reduce Fresnel reflection at the other side of the glass substrate, the SWSs with optimized Ag film thickness and dry etching conditions are formed on both sides of the glass. The dual-side SWS integrated glass show an average transmittance of ∼97.5% in a wavelength range of 350-750 nm. Transmission band shrinkage effects of the SWS integrated glass are also observed with increased average size of the Ag nanoparticles. Copyright © 2011 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved.

关键词： Metal nanoparticles

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Computational Study of Subdural and Epidural Cortical Stimulation of the Motor Cortex

Computational Study of Subdural and Epidural Cortical Stimul...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

作者： Donghyeon Kim Sung Chan Jun Hyoung-Ihl Kim School of Information and Communications Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Graduate Program of Medical Science Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology

ISBN: (纸本)9781424441211

Cortical stimulation (CS) has gained wide attention for its use in augmenting neurological recovery in various conditions. Noninvasive cortical stimulations using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are less invasive when delivering the electrical current to the patient's brain, but have several limitations. Direct cortical stimulation (DCS) using an implantable stimulation system consisting of epidurally or subdurally placed electrodes and pulse generators, provides cortical stimulation and concurrent rehabilitative training in a stable fashion without limiting a patient's activities. The effectiveness of these two types of DCS - epidural cortical stimulation (ECS) and subdural cortical stimulation (SCS) - has not been compared. In this work, a computer simulation study was conducted to predict the current density distributions (CDD) through cortical stimulations using subdurally or epidurally placed electrodes. The simulation study is based on the human motor cortex model with a three-dimensional finite element model (FEM). The change in CDD depending on the shape of the electrode (disc or ring) is discussed. The output current induced by SCS was about four times larger than that of ECS when voltage stimulations with the same magnitude were regulated. Thus, SCS showed substantially better penetration of the current into gray or white matter. Further, the ring electrode performed comparably or slightly inferior to the disc electrode in both cortical stimulations.

关键词： Primary Motor Cortex Subdural Space Cortex of kidney output current TWIST1 gene CDA gene Stimuli Electroconvulsive Therapy ring electrode pulse generator Stimulation Computer Simulation Electrodes

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Simultaneous identification for synergistic transcription factors and their transcription factor binding sites

Simultaneous identification for synergistic transcription fa...

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5th International Conference on Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems, CISIS 2011

作者： Tsai, Zing Tsung-Yeh Huang, Grace Tzu-Wei Tsai, Huai-Kuang Institute of Information Science Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan Bioinformatics Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Taiwan Institute of Biomedical Informatics National Yang-Ming University Taiwan Joint CMU-Pitt PhD Program in Computational Biology University of Pittsburgh Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA United States Research Center for Information Technology Innovation Taipei 115 Taiwan Computer Science and Engineering National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung 202 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9780769543734

Identifying transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) is crucial for understanding the mechanism of transcriptional regulation. It is known that transcription factors (TFs) often cooperate to regulate genes. While traditional approaches can be used to discover binding motifs of a group of co-regulated genes, they often fail to accurately assign motifs to the corresponding TFs. Here, we consider two TFs together to infer their TFBSs and their synergistic relationship simultaneously. The basic idea is that if two TFs interact, their TFBSs, if distinct, would be conserved across species and coincided in the promoter regions of the genes they co-regulated. Applying our method to Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromatin immunoprecipitation data, we predicted 110 TF pairs with statistically significant motif assignments. A majority of these TF pairs have literature support to be synergistic, and the designated motifs to TFs match well with their known consensus. We further examined the synergism of predicted TF pairs in seven experimental conditions using ANOVA, and identified significant interactions. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Yeast

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Amorphous silicon Bragg reflectors fabricated by oblique angle deposition

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MRS Online Proceedings Library 2011年第1期1396卷 222-227页

作者： S. J. Jang C. I. Yeo Y. T. Lee School of Information & Mechatronics Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology Gwangju Korea Graduate Program of Photonic and Applied Physics Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology Gwangju Korea Department of Nanobio Materials & Electronics Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology Gwangju Korea

We demonstrate the highly reflective broadband a-Si distributed Bragg reflector fabricated by oblique angle deposition. By tuning the refractive index of a-Si film, the high index contrast material system was achieved. The broadband reflective characteristics of a-Si distributed Bragg reflector were investigated by calculation and fabrication. The broad stop band (Δλ/λ=33.7%, R>99%) with only a five-pair a-Si distributed Bragg reflector was achieved experimentally at center wavelength of 650, 980, and 1550 nm. The size-, feature- and substrate-independent method for highly reflective Bragg reflectors was realized by simple oblique angle evaporation.

关键词： optical properties thin film Si

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Twin-core photonic crystal fiber for in-line torsion sensor

Twin-core photonic crystal fiber for in-line torsion sensor

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OptoElectronics and Communications Conference, OECC

作者： Bongkyun Kim Long Cui Youngjoo Chung School of Information and Communications Graduate Program of Photonics and Applied Physics Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Gwangju South Korea

We present the in-line torsion sensing scheme using the twin-core photonic crystal fiber (TC-PCF). An in-line Mach-Zehnder interferometer can be effectively configured by splicing a section of TC-PCF between two SMFs. The torsion sensitivity was measured by monitoring the twist-induced spectral fringe shift. The channeled spectrum was found to shift bi-directionally as the twist rate was increased. The peak wavelength shifts toward longer wavelength sides then the shift rate is gradually reduced. Finally the peak wavelength shifts toward shorter wavelength region with the increased twist rates.

关键词： Optical interferometry Optical fiber sensors Optical device fabrication Optical fiber polarization

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Volumetric Imaging of Cardiac Electrophysiology

Volumetric Imaging of Cardiac Electrophysiology

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长江2011国际医学影像物理和工程应用大会暨第六届中国医学影像物理学术年会

作者： Pengcheng Shi Program in Computing and Information Science Graduate Studies and Research B.Thomas Golisano College of Computing and Information Sciences Rochester Institute of TechnologyUSA

We present a novel platform for noninvasive transmural cardiac electrophysiological imaging (NTCEI),which combines body-surface electrocardiographic data and image-derived anatomic data to compute subject-specific electrophysiological dynamics and electroanatomic substrates not only on heart surfaces but along the depth of the *** success on real-data experiments include 1) transmural scar quantification for patients withprevious history of myocardial infarction;2) trasnmural EP and scar imaging for patients with ventricular arrhythmia;and 3) transmural EP and scar imaging on porcine hearts with chronic *** experiments demonstrated the potentials in computing transmural EP anomalies using only noninvasive observations and without any conditionspecific knowledge a priori,which could not be achieved with either current EP mapping or structural imaging techniques *** will also briefly discuss development towards hardware realizations and clinical feasibility.

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Optimization of high-reflective broadband subwavelength structure (SWSs) on distributed Bragg reflector

Optimization of high-reflective broadband subwavelength stru...

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16th Opto-Electronics and Communications Conference, OECC 2011

作者： Na, Byung Hoon Song, Young Min Ju, Gun Wu Lee, Yong Tak Department of Information and Communication Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology 1 Oryong-dong Buk-gu Gwangju 500-712 Korea Republic of Graduate Program of Photonics and Applied Physics Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology 1 Oryong-dong Buk-gu Gwangju 500-712 Korea Republic of Department of Nanobio Electronics and Materials Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology 1 Oryong-dong Buk-gu Gwangju 500-712 Korea Republic of

Subwavelength structures (SWSs) on distributed Bragg reflector(DBR) is investigated to achieve broadband and high reflection. By proper optimization of each parameter, very high reflectivity can be obtained in broad s... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781612842882

关键词： Reflection

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