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Refined Statistical Bounds for Classification Error Mismatches with Constrained Bayes Error

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Yang, Zijian Eminyan, Vahe Schlüter, Ralf Ney, Hermann Machine Learning and Human Language Technology Group Lehrstuhl Informatik 6 Computer Science Department RWTH Aachen University Germany AppTek GmbH Germany

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

VAction: A Lightweight and Integrated VR Training System for Authentic Film-Shooting Experience 25

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VAction: A Lightweight and Integrated VR Training System for...

2025 CHI Conference on human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI 2025

作者： Wang, Shaocong Qu, Che Yu, Minjing Zhou, Chao Wang, Yuntao Wen, Yu-Hui Shi, Yuanchun Liu, Yong-Jin Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing China Film & TV Technology Department Beijing Film Academy Beijing China College of Intelligence and Computing Tianjin University Tianjin China Human Computer Interaction Technology Intelligent Information Processing Laboratory Institute of Software Chinese Acadamy of Sciences Beijing China School of Computer Science and Technology Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400713941

The film industry exerts significant economic and cultural influence, and its rapid development is contingent upon the expertise of industry professionals, underscoring the critical importance of film-shooting education. However, this process typically necessitates multiple practice in complex professional venues using expensive equipment, presenting a significant obstacle for ordinary learners who struggle to access such training environments. Despite VR technology has already shown its potential in education, existing research has not addressed the crucial learning component of replicating the shooting process. Moreover, the limited functionality of traditional controllers hinder the fulfillment of the educational requirements. Therefore, we developed VAction VR system, combining high-fidelity virtual environments with a custom-designed controller to simulate the real-world camera operation experience. The system's lightweight design ensures cost-effective and efficient deployment. Experiment results demonstrated that VAction significantly outperforms traditional methods in both practice effectiveness and user experience, indicating its potential and usefulness in film-shooting education. © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Film Production Education interaction Design Training System Virtual Reality

A Dual-Prompting for Interpretable Mental Health Language Models

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Jeon, Hyolim Yoo, Dongje Lee, Daeun Son, Sejung Kim, Seungbae Han, Jinyoung Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence Sungkyunkwan University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Human-AI Interaction Sungkyunkwan University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Computer Engineering Chung-Ang University Seoul Korea Republic of Computer Science & Engineering Department University of South Florida TampaFL United States

Despite the increasing demand for AI-based mental health monitoring tools, their practical utility for clinicians is limited by the lack of interpretability. The CLPsych 2024 Shared Task1 aims to enhance the interpretability of Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly in mental health analysis, by providing evidence of suicidality through linguistic content. We propose a dual-prompting approach: (i) Knowledge-aware evidence extraction by leveraging the expert identity and a suicide dictionary with a mental health-specific LLM;and (ii) Evidence summarization by employing an LLM-based consistency evaluator. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of combining domain-specific information, revealing performance improvements and the approach’s potential to aid clinicians in assessing mental state progression. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Computational linguistics

"I am a Technology Creator": Black Girls as Technosocial Change Agents in a Culturally-Responsive Robotics Camp 25

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"I am a Technology Creator": Black Girls as Technosocial Cha...

2025 CHI Conference on human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI 2025

作者： Li, Chun Solyst, Jaemarie Scott, Safiyyah Howse, Gabriella Nkrumah, Tara Walker, Erin Ogan, Amy Stewart, Angela E.B. Department of Informatics and Networked System University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA United States Human-Computer Interaction Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA United States School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA United States Center for Gender Equity in Science and Technology Arizona State University Tempe AZ United States Department of Computer Science University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798400713941

Black girls and women have long been creators in computing spaces. However, much computing education positions Black girls as workers who execute tasks for others' purposes. Our work takes a different approach by positioning Black girls as technosocial change agents who challenge dominant narratives and construct more liberating identities and social relations as they create new technologies. We draw on data from seven Black girls, ages 9-12, who participated in a 20-hour culturally responsive computing (CRC) camp focused on robotics. Using a thematic analysis approach, we explore how these Black girls demonstrate and enhance their technosocial change agency (TSCA) throughout the camp. We identify themes related to how creating technology helps Black girls refine and fulfill their definitions of technical creators and develop agency through technology creation. We discuss computing education and technology design recommendations within the TSCA framework to support learners' emerging TSCA in future CRC programs. © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： culturally responsive computing informal learning technosocial change agency

Shaping Romance: Mediating Intimacy for Co-located Couples 21

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Shaping Romance: Mediating Intimacy for Co-located Couples

Proceedings of the 33rd Australian Conference on human-computer interaction

作者： Anne Ellegaard Christensen Malene H. Magnussen Tobias S. Seindal Dimitrios Raptis Department of Computer Science/Human-Centred Computing Group Aalborg University Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)9781450395984

During recent years multiple studies focused on how to mediate the intimacy of couples over distance by researching various intimacy aspects, such as physical contact and disclosure. At the same time, mediating intimacy for co-located couples remains relatively unexplored. Our paper focuses on this and presents an empirical field study involving 13 co-located couples that interacted with a technology probe titled ‘Shaping Romance’. In short, our qualitative findings show that technology can mediate intimacy by allowing partners to look inwards and reflect on their own desires, look outwards and reflect on the desires of their partner, and look at the whole by remembering, acting and validating. Our contributions to HCI are the technological intervention itself, our findings which highlight limitations and opportunities technology has for mediating the intimacy of co-located couples, and a design space full of dilemmas that we present for future researchers and designers.

关键词： technology probe dilemmas disclosure physicality co-located couples design space togetherness field study intimacy

On Search Strategies for Document-Level Neural Machine Translation

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Herold, Christian Ney, Hermann Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Group Computer Science Department RWTH Aachen University AachenD-52056 Germany

Compared to sentence-level systems, document-level neural machine translation (NMT) models produce a more consistent output across a document and are able to better resolve ambiguities within the input. There are many works on document-level NMT, mostly focusing on modifying the model architecture or training strategy to better accommodate the additional context-input. On the other hand, in most works, the question on how to perform search with the trained model is scarcely discussed, sometimes not mentioned at all. In this work, we aim to answer the question how to best utilize a context-aware translation model in decoding. We start with the most popular document-level NMT approach and compare different decoding schemes, some from the literature and others proposed by us. In the comparison, we are using both, standard automatic metrics, as well as specific linguistic phenomena on three standard document-level translation benchmarks. We find that most commonly used decoding strategies perform similar to each other and that higher quality context information has the potential to further improve the translation. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Neural machine translation

Improving Long Context Document-Level Machine Translation

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Herold, Christian Ney, Hermann Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Group Computer Science Department RWTH Aachen University AachenD-52056 Germany

Document-level context for neural machine translation (NMT) is crucial to improve the translation consistency and cohesion, the translation of ambiguous inputs, as well as several other linguistic phenomena. Many works have been published on the topic of document-level NMT, but most restrict the system to only local context, typically including just the one or two preceding sentences as additional information. This might be enough to resolve some ambiguous inputs, but it is probably not sufficient to capture some document-level information like the topic or style of a conversation. When increasing the context size beyond just the local context, there are two challenges: (i) the memory usage increases exponentially (ii) the translation performance starts to degrade. We argue that the widely-used attention mechanism is responsible for both issues. Therefore, we propose a constrained attention variant that focuses the attention on the most relevant parts of the sequence, while simultaneously reducing the memory consumption. For evaluation, we utilize targeted test sets in combination with novel evaluation techniques to analyze the translations in regards to specific discourse-related phenomena. We find that our approach is a good compromise between sentence-level NMT vs attending to the full context, especially in low resource scenarios. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Neural machine translation

A Passive Variable Impedance Control Strategy with Viscoelastic Parameters Estimation of Soft Tissues for Safe Ultrasonography

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A Passive Variable Impedance Control Strategy with Viscoelas...

IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： Luca Beber Edoardo Lamon Davide Nardi Daniele Fontanelli Matteo Saveriano Luigi Palopoli Department of Industrial Engineering Università di Trento Trento Italy Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science Università di Trento Trento Italy Human-Robot Interfaces and Interaction Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Genoa Italy

ISBN: (数字)9798350384574

ISBN: (纸本)9798350384581

In the context of telehealth, robotic approaches have proven a valuable solution to in-person visits in remote areas, with decreased costs for patients and infection risks. In particular, in ultrasonography, robots have the potential to reproduce the skills required to acquire high-quality images while reducing the sonographer’s physical efforts. In this paper, we address the control of the interaction of the probe with the patient’s body, a critical aspect of ensuring safe and effective ultrasonography. We introduce a novel approach based on variable impedance control, allowing the real-time optimisation of compliant controller parameters during ultrasound procedures. This optimisation is formulated as a quadratic programming problem and incorporates physical constraints derived from viscoelastic parameter estimations. Safety and passivity constraints, including an energy tank, are also integrated to minimise potential risks during human-robot interaction. The proposed method’s efficacy is demonstrated through experiments on a patient’s dummy torso, highlighting its potential for achieving safe behaviour and accurate force control during ultrasound procedures, even in cases of contact loss.

关键词： Torso Parameter estimation Tracking Telemedicine Ultrasonography Safety Impedance

Improving Language Model Integration for Neural Machine Translation

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Herold, Christian Gao, Yingbo Zeineldeen, Mohammad Ney, Hermann Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Group Computer Science Department RWTH Aachen University AachenD-52056 Germany

The integration of language models for neural machine translation has been extensively studied in the past. It has been shown that an external language model, trained on additional target-side monolingual data, can help improve translation quality. However, there has always been the assumption that the translation model also learns an implicit target-side language model during training, which interferes with the external language model at decoding time. Recently, some works on automatic speech recognition have demonstrated that, if the implicit language model is neutralized in decoding, further improvements can be gained when integrating an external language model. In this work, we transfer this concept to the task of machine translation and compare with the most prominent way of including additional monolingual data - namely back-translation. We find that accounting for the implicit language model significantly boosts the performance of language model fusion, although this approach is still outperformed by back-translation. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Neural machine translation