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14-Bit SAR ADC with on-Chip Digital Bubble Sorting Calibration Technology

Chinese Journal of Electronics 2025年第1期34卷 125-136页

作者： Hua Fan Zhuorui Chen Tongrui Xu Franco Maloberti Qi Wei Quanyuan Feng School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering(Exemplary School of Microelectronics) University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chongqing Institute of Microelectronics Industry Technology University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering University of Pavia Department of Precision Instrument Tsinghua University Institute of Microelectronics Southwest Jiaotong University

This article designs a 14-bit successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter（SAR ADC）.A novel digital bubble sorting calibration method is proposed and applied to eliminate the effect of capacitor mismatch on the linearity of the SAR ADC. To reduce the number of capacitors, a hybrid architecture of a high 8-bit binary-weighted capacitor array and a low 6-bit resistor array is adopted by the digital-to-analog（DAC）. The common-mode voltage VCM-based switching scheme is chosen to reduce the switching energy and area of the DAC. The time-domain comparator is employed to obtain lower power consumption. Sampling is performed through a gate voltage bootstrapped switch to reduce the nonlinear errors introduced when sampling the input signal. Moreover, the SAR logic and the whole calibration is totally implemented on-chip through digital integrated circuit（IC） tools such as design compiler, IC compiler, etc. Finally, a prototype is designed and implemented using 0.18 μm bipolar-complementary metal oxide semiconductor（CMOS）-double-diffused MOS 1.8 V CMOS technology. The measurement results show that the SAR ADC with on-chip bubble sorting calibration method achieves the signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio of 69.75 dB and the spurious-free dynamic range of 83.77 dB.

关键词： Semiconductor device measurement Capacitors Linearity Switches Calibration System-on-chip Frequency measurement Time-domain analysis Sorting Signal to noise ratio

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Adjusting *CO adsorption configuration over tandem trimetallic AuAgCu heterojunction boosts CO_(2) electroreduction to ethanol via asymmetric C–C coupling

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Science China Materials 2025年第1期68卷 173-179页

作者： Yongxia Shi Junjun Li Zhiwen Min Xinyi Wang Man Hou Hao Ma Zechao Zhuang Yuchen Qin Yuanmiao Sun Dingsheng Wang Zhicheng Zhang Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuit Ministry of Education&Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic SciencesDepartment of ChemistrySchool of ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Faculty of Materials Science and Energy Engineering/Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China Department of Chemistry Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China College of Sciences Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou 450000China

Rationally modulating the adsorption configuration of the key*CO intermediate could facilitate carbon±carbon(C±C)coupling to generate multi-carbon products in the electrochemical CO_(2) reduction *** this work,theoretical calculations reveal that C±C coupling via atopadsorbed*CHO and hollow-adsorbed*CO over Cu sites is an energetically favorable *** a proof of concept,a tandem trimetallic AuAgCu heterojunction(Au@Ag/Cu)was prepared,where the atop-adsorbed*CO over Au@Ag sites could migrate to Cu sites with hollow adsorption configuration,and then the asymmetric C±C coupling via transferred hollow-adsorbed*CO and existed atop-adsorbed*CHO over Cu sites facilitates the formation of the ethanol product,exhibiting a maximum Faraday efficiency of 65.9%at a low potential of−0.3 V *** hydrogen *** work provides new insights into the intrinsic understanding of tandem catalysis by regulating adsorption configuration of the intermediate products.

关键词： CO_(2)electroreduction C–C coupling tandem catalysis adsorption configuration ethanol

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In-Depth Evaluation of Pyran Derivatives for Mild Steel Corrosion Protection in 1.0 M HCl: An Experimental and Theoretical Analysis

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Journal of Bio- and Tribo-Corrosion 2025年第2期11卷 1-21页

作者： El Karkouri, A. Dahmani, K. Kharbouch, O. Khattabi, M. El Hajri, F. Galai, M. Cherkaoui, M. Chafiq, M. Chaouiki, A. Alharbi, S.M. Boukhris, S. Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Catalysis and Environment Faculty of Sciences Ibn Tofaïl University PO Box 133 Kenitra14000 Morocco Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Faculty of Sciences Ibn Tofail University PO. Box 133 Kénitra14000 Morocco Integrated Materials Chemistry Laboratory School of Materials Science and Engineering Yeungnam University Gyeongsan38541 Korea Republic of Department of Chemistry College of Science Qassim University Buraydah51452 Saudi Arabia

The corrosion inhibition properties of two inhibitors, 2-amino-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-cyano-7,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-4H-5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran (ZE1-4-Cl) and 2-Amino-3-cyano-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-4H-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran (ZE2-4-NO2), on mild steel in a 1.0 M HCl solution was evaluated using Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The inhibitory efficiency increases with decreasing temperature. Additionally, the inhibitory efficiency also increases with increasing inhibitor concentration. Notably, the better inhibitor of the two (ZE2-4-NO2) achieves an efficiency of 93.7% at a temperature of 298 K and an optimal concentration of 10−3 M. The adsorption of both inhibitors on the steel surface was found to follow the Langmuir model, and the polarization study shows that both compounds are adsorbed to the metal surface through chemical bonding (chemisorption) following the Langmuir isotherm. The experimental results reveal that these organic compounds are effective corrosion inhibitors in a 1.0 M HCl solution. SEM and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS) were employed to confirm the presence of a barrier layer enveloping the mild steel, contributing to surface characterization. Notably, interactions with the iron surface are primarily facilitated by inhibitors possessing electron-accepting properties, as evidenced by DFT results and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Steel corrosion

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KCl acts as a flux to assist the growth of sub-millimeter-scale metallic 2D non-layered molybdenum dioxide

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Rare Metals 2025年第1期44卷 404-416页

作者： Li-Ying Deng Qing Zhang Wang-Yang Li Xiao-Yuan Ye Yi-Fan Zhao Shen-Zhong Chen Yu-Lan Wang Xing-Hui Wang Hui-Peng Chen Zhi-Yang Yu Qun Yan Shu-Ying Cheng Tai-Liang Guo Wen-Ping Hu Feng Ding Jie Sun National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Flat Panel Display Technology College of Physics and Information EngineeringFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350100China Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Sensing Technology College of Mechanical and Electrical EngineeringFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuit Department of ChemistrySchool of ScienceMinistry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic SciencesTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin) Tianjin300072China College of Physics and Information Engineering Institute of Micro-Nano Devices and Solar CellsFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350116China Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering/Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518000China

Two-dimensional(2D)metal oxides(2DMOs),such as MoO_(2),have made impressive strides in recent years,and their applicability in a number of fields such as electronic devices,optoelectronic devices and lasers has been ***,2DMOs present challenges in their synthesis using conventional methods due to their non-van der Waals *** report that KCl acts as a flux to prepare large-area 2DMOs with sub-millimeter *** systematically investigate the effects of temperature,homogeneous time and cooling rate on the products in the flux method,demonstrating that in this reaction a saturated homogenous solution is obtained upon the melting of the salt and ***,the cooling rate was adjusted to regulate the thickness of the target crystals,leading to the precipitation of 2D non-layered material from the supersaturated solution;by applying this method,the highly crystalline non-layered 2D MoO_(2)flakes with so far the largest lateral size of up to sub-millimeter scale(~464μm)were *** studies have revealed that the 2D MoO_(2)features metallic properties,with an excellent sheet resistance as low as 99Ω·square^(-1 )at room temperature,and exhibits a property of charge density wave in the measurement of resistivity as a function of temperature.

关键词： 2D non-layered materials Metallic Metal oxide Thickness modulation Flux method

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Massive GaN micro-LED array based underwater wireless optical communication

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Optics Express 2025年第9期33卷 19527-19534页

作者： Lv, Zhijian Liu, Xinyi Wu, Shuang Zhang, Wenwei Yue, C. Patrick Liu, Zhaojun Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing Shenzhen Technology University Shenzhen China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies The Integrated Circuit Design Center Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong

High-speed underwater wireless optical communication technology is a much-needed communication technology in current underwater applications, and micro-LED is a promising light source option. Considering the limitation of transmission distance due to the low optical power of a single micro-LED pixel, an underwater wireless optical communication system based on a novel massive GaN micro-LED array includes more than 5000 pixels fabricated via flip-chip technology is proposed, which can achieve 165-Mbps and 90-Mbps at 37.7 m and 73.5 m, respectively. Therefore, the feasibility of realizing a high data rate and long transmission distance in an underwater wireless optical communication system based on a novel massive micro-LED array is confirmed. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.

关键词： Fiber to the x

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Z3-classified topological phases in plasmonic nanoparticle arrays

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Physical Review Applied 2025年第2期23卷 024032-024032页

作者： Huizhou Wu Guochao Wei Zhenzhen Liu Jun-Jun Xiao College of Integrated Circuit and Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Aerospace Detection and Imaging Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 China School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences Wuhan Textile University Wuhan 430200 China Research Center for Advanced Optics and Photoelectronics Department of Physics College of Science Shantou University Shantou 515063 China

The interplay between chains or layers, as additional degrees of freedom, provides an interesting approach to engineer the coupled modes in plasmonic arrays. In this study, we explore the application of interchain couplings to regulate the topological properties of a one-dimensional double chain composed of plasmonic ellipsoidal nanoparticles (ENPs). By aligning ENPs orthogonally in adjacent chains, we eliminate direct nearest-neighbor coupling across chains. We reveal that the distinctive interchain coupling enables the emergence of topological modes in the double chain, even though each individual chain is topologically trivial. We show that the double chain features three distinct topological phases, each characterized by a different number of topological modes safeguarded by the Z3 invariant. Additionally, we demonstrate that this approach can be extended to bilayer kagome arrays, also enabling multiple topological phase transitions. Our work unveils the unique topological phases in double-chain and bilayer arrays made of anisotropic plasmonic nanoparticles. The introduction of interchain or interlayer couplings opens up other directions for manipulating the topological properties of plasmonic arrays.

关键词： Degrees of freedom (mechanics)

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Orbital Diffusion, Polarization, and Swapping in Centrosymmetric Metals

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Physical Review Letters 2025年第2期134卷 026303-026303页

作者： Xiaobai Ning A. Pezo Kyoung-Whan Kim Weisheng Zhao Kyung-Jin Lee Aurélien Manchon Aix-Marseille Univ CNRS CINaM Marseille France Fert Beijing Institute School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering National Key Laboratory of Spintronics Beihang University Beijing China Laboratoire Albert Fert CNRS Thales Université Paris-Saclay 91767 Palaiseau France Department of Physics Yonsei University Seoul Korea Department of Physics Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Korea

We propose a general theory of charge, spin, and orbital diffusion based on Keldysh formalism. Our findings indicate that the diffusivity of orbital angular momentum in metals is much lower than that of spin or charge due to the strong orbital intermixing in crystals. Furthermore, our theory introduces the concept of “spin-orbit polarization” by which a pure orbital (spin) current induces a longitudinal spin (orbital) current, a process as efficient as spin polarization in ferromagnets. Finally, we find that orbital currents undergo momentum swapping, even in the absence of spin-orbit coupling. This theory establishes several key parameters for orbital transport of direct importance to experiments.

关键词： Spin polarization

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COMPUTATIONS ON THE SPATIAL NEUTRON MODERATION IN TARGET AND MODERATOR SCHEMES FOR SPALLATION SOURCES

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NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT 1995年第3期359卷 523-529页

作者： WATANABE, H Integrated Circuit Advanced Process Engineering Dept. TOSHIBA 1 Komukai Saiwai-ku Kawasaki 210 Japan

By a fully spatial Monte Carlo computation on the neutron moderation in a whole system consisting of target(s), moderator and reflector for a spallation source, the trajectories of slowing down neutrons in some newly proposed schemes are calculated and the configuration effects on the neutron moderation are visualized. The computations also enable us to predict the characteristics of the spectra obtained by the schemes. The calculation is based on a simple model of isotropic neutron scattering in the centre of mass system, however, the results on the trajectories and the spectrum in a whole system will be an intuitive help for us to design a new moderator scheme intending to obtain an intense thermal neutron flux with a spallation source.

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Development of a projection imaging electron microscope with electrostatic lenses

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Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 1999年第6期17卷 2799-2802页

作者： Miyoshi, M. Yamazaki, Y. Nagai, T. Nagahama, I. Okumura, K. Integrated Circuit Advanced Process Engineering Department Toshiba Corporation Yokohama 235-8522 Japan ULSI Process Engineering Laboratory Toshiba Corporation Yokohama 235-8522 Japan

In the semiconductor industry, the inspection technique using an electron beam is expected to play an important role because of its high spatial resolution. In comparison with conventional scanning techniques, direct imaging produced by projection optics offers both faster mapping rates due to parallel detection and higher resolution. An electron microscope based on the projection imaging optics has been designed and constructed. Secondary electrons emitted by the area exposure are projected through the projection optics consisting of fully electrostatic lenses, and then imaged onto the image detection system. A computational analysis indicates resolution of 0.27 μm which can satisfy both adequate resolution and image grab time. An image of a 0.2 μm design rule device is demonstrated. © 1999 American Vacuum Society.

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Passivate SiNx halftone phase shifting mask for deep ultraviolet exposure

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Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics processing and Phenomena 1996年第6期14卷 4199-4199页

作者： Ito, S. Iwamatsu, T. Sato, H. Asano, M. Kawano, K. Miyashita, F. ULSI Process Engineering Laboratory Microelectronics Engineering Laboratory Toshiba Corporation Saiwai‐ku Kawasaki 210 Japan Integrated Circuit Advanced Process Engineering Department Toshiba Corporation Saiwai‐ku Kawasaki 210 Japan

Halftone phase shift masks with a single‐layer SiNx absorption film whose stoichiometric ratio x was controlled were developed at 365 and 248 nm, respectively. Because this stoichiometric ratio x was smaller than 1.33 (Si3N4), the SiNx halftone films were unstable, especially during 248 nm exposure, causing a transmittance error. In this article, we show how to get stable SiNx film for 248 nm exposure.

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