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arXiv 2025年

作者： Scalora, M. Vincenti, M.A. de Ceglia, D. Akozbek, N. Ferrera, M. Rizza, C. Alù, A. Litchinitser, N. Cojocaru, C. Trull, J. FCDD-AMT-MGR DEVCOM AvMC C. M. Bowden Research Center Redstone ArsenalAL35898-5000 United States Department of Information Engineering University of Brescia Brescia25123 Italy US Army Space & Missile Defense Command Tech Center Redstone ArsenalAL35898 United States Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences Heriot-Watt University SUPA EdinburghEH14 4AS United Kingdom Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences University of L’Aquila L’AquilaI-67100 Italy Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New YorkNY10016 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University DurhamNC27708 United States Department of Physics Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Barcelona Terrassa08222 Spain

Abrupt time variations of the properties of optical materials have been at the center of intense research efforts in recent years, with the prospect of enabling extreme wave transformations and of leveraging time as a degree of freedom for wave control. While the most viable approach to yield ultrafast variations of the optical material response is through optical pumping of nonlinear media, the complex dynamics in these systems are not yet fully understood. Here, as a relevant case study, we rigorously investigate the pump-probe dynamics in a 310nm-thick transparent conductive oxide etalon, using a weak 40 femtosecond probe and a pump that displays peak power densities in the TW/cm2 range with a duration of a few femtoseconds. We examine the pump-probe interaction using a hydrodynamic-Maxwell approach that accounts for diffraction, self-focusing and -defocusing, self- and cross-phase modulation, probe gain, and linear and nonlinear material dispersion expanded in the perturbative regime up to 9th order for both pump and probe. By allowing the intricacies of the pump-probe interaction to proceed in time, we can also define an effective spatio-temporal permittivity for a more direct evaluation of the material ultra-broadband optical behavior. The reported results challenge the conventional modeling of this kind of problem, which has so far overlooked pump dynamics, simplistically assigning a local time-dependent refractive index to the probe that may be designed to fit the experimental data, but has no physical connection to the complex pump-probe interaction. Our approach unveils new dynamics, pointing towards the possibility to achieve extreme pulse compression into the attosecond range and nonlinear diffraction over deeply subwavelength propagation distances, thus opening a possible new path towards novel and cost-effective tools for integrated photonics and attosecond science. © 2025, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Probes

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Large language models for diabetes training:a prospective study

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science Bulletin 2025年第6期70卷 934-942页

作者： Haoxuan Li Zehua Jiang Zhouyu Guan Yuqian Bao Yuexing Liu Tingting Hu Jiajia Li Ruhan Liu Liang Wu Di Cheng Hongwei Ji Yong Wang Ya-Xing Wang Carol Y.Cheung Yingfeng Zheng Jihong Wang Zhen Li Weibing Wu Cynthia Ciwei Lim Yong Mong Bee Hong Chang Tan Elif I.Ekinci David C.Klonoff Justin B.Echouffo-Tcheugui Nestoras Mathioudakis Leonor Corsino Rafael Simó Charumathi Sabanayagam Gavin Siew Wei Tan Ching-Yu Cheng Tien Yin Wong Huating Li Chun Cai Lijuan Mao Lee-Ling Lim Yih-Chung Tham Bin Sheng Weiping Jia Shanghai University of Sport Shanghai 200438China School of Clinical Medicine Beijing Tsinghua Changgung HospitalTsinghua MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute(BERI) Tsinghua MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Prevention and Treatment for Metabolic Diseases Department of Computer Science and EngineeringSchool of ElectronicInformationand Electrical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismShanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai Diabetes InstituteShanghai Clinical Center for DiabetesShanghai 200240China MoE Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence InstituteShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Cardiology the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266011China CEMS NCMISHCMSMADISAcademy of Mathematics and Systems ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Mathematics University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province School of Life ScienceHangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310024China Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key LaboratoryBeijing 100730China k.Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesGuangzhou 510060China Department of Renal Medicine Singapore General HospitalSingHealth-Duke Academic Medical CentreSingapore169

Diabetes poses a considerable global health challenge,with varying levels of diabetes knowledge among healthcare professionals,highlighting the importance of diabetes *** Language Models(LLMs)provide new insights into diabetes training,but their performance in diabetes-related queries remains uncertain,especially outside the English language like *** first evaluated the performance of ten LLMs:ChatGPT-3.5,ChatGPT-4.0,Google Bard,LlaMA-7B,LlaMA2-7B,Baidu ERNIE Bot,Ali Tongyi Qianwen,MedGPT,HuatuoGPT,and Chinese LlaMA2-7B on diabetes-related queries,based on the Chinese National Certificate Examination for Primary Diabetes Care in China(NCE-CPDC)and the English Specialty Certificate Examination in Endocrinology and Diabetes of Membership of the Royal College of Physicians of the United ***,we assessed the training of primary care physicians(PCPs)without and with the assistance of ChatGPT-4.0 in the NCE-CPDC examination to ascertain the reliability of LLMs as medical *** found that ChatGPT-4.0 outperformed other LLMs in the English examination,achieving a passing accuracy of 62.50%,which was significantly higher than that of Google Bard,LlaMA-7B,and *** the NCE-CPFC examination,ChatGPT-4.0,Ali Tongyi Qianwen,Baidu ERNIE Bot,Google Bard,MedGPT,and ChatGPT-3.5 successfully passed,whereas LlaMA2-7B,HuatuoGPT,Chinese LLaMA2-7B,and LlaMA-7B ***-4.0(84.82%)surpassed all PCPs and assisted most PCPs in the NCE-CPDC examination(improving by 1%–6.13%).In summary,LLMs demonstrated outstanding competence for diabetes-related questions in both the Chinese and English language,and hold great potential to assist future diabetes training for physicians globally.

关键词： Diabetes Diabetestraining Largelanguagemodels Primarydiabetescare Prospectivestudy

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Resonant photonic structures in porous silicon for biosensing 9

Resonant photonic structures in porous silicon for biosensin...

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Frontiers in Biological Detection: From Nanosensors to Systems IX

作者： Zhao, Yiliang Rodriguez, Gilberto A. Graham, Yasmin M. Cao, Tengfei Gaur, Girija Weiss, Sharon M. Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Materials Science Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore County BaltimoreMD21250 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781510606043

ISBN: (纸本)9781510606036

The formation of resonant photonic structures in porous silicon leverages the benefit of high surface area for improved molecular capture that is characteristic of porous materials with the advantage of high detection sensitivity that is a feature of resonant optical devices. This review provides an overview of the biosensing capabilities of a variety of resonant porous silicon photonic structures including microcavities, Bloch surface waves, ring resonators, and annular Bragg resonators. Detection sensitivities > 1000 nm/RIU are achieved for small molecule detection. The challenge of detecting molecules that approach and exceed the pore diameter is also addressed. © 2017 SPIE.

关键词： Porous silicon

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A Transparent Ultrasound Array for Real-Time Optical,Ultrasound,and Photoacoustic Imaging

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Biomedical engineering Frontiers 2022年第1期3卷 284-297页

作者： Haoyang Chen Sumit Agrawal Mohamed Osman Josiah Minotto Shubham Mirg Jinyun Liu Ajay Dangi Quyen Tran Thomas Jackson Sri-Rajasekhar Kothapalli Department of Biomedical Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Penn State Cancer Institute The Pennsylvania State UniversityHersheyPA 17033USA Graduate Program in Acoustics The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA

Objective and Impact *** imaging of ultrasound and optical contrasts can help map structural,functional,and molecular biomarkers inside living subjects with high spatial *** is a need to develop a platform to facilitate this multimodal imaging capability to improve diagnostic sensitivity and ***,combining ultrasound,photoacoustic,and optical imaging modalities is challenging because conventional ultrasound transducer arrays are optically *** a result,complex geometries are used to coalign both optical and ultrasound waves in the same field of *** elegant solution is to make the ultrasound transducer transparent to ***,we demonstrate a novel transparent ultrasound transducer(TUT)linear array fabricated using a transparent lithium niobate piezoelectric material for real-time multimodal *** TUT-array consists of 64 elements and centered at~6 MHz *** demonstrate a quad-mode ultrasound,Doppler ultrasound,photoacoustic,and fluorescence imaging in real-time using the TUT-array directly coupled to the tissue mimicking *** TUT-array successfully showed a multimodal imaging capability and has potential applications in diagnosing cancer,neurological,and vascular diseases,including image-guided endoscopy and wearable imaging.

关键词： Ultrasound specificity transparent

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Modularity detection in protein-protein interaction networks

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BMC Research Notes 2011年第1期4卷 1-6页

作者： Narayanan, Tejaswini Gersten, Merril Subramaniam, Shankar Grama, Ananth Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California San Diego United States Graduate Program in Bioinformatics and Systems Biology University of California San Diego United States Department of Bioengineering University of California San Diego United States Department of Computer Science Purdue University West Lafayette IN United States

Background: Many recent studies have investigated modularity in biological networks, and its role in functional and structural characterization of constituent biomolecules. A technique that has shown considerable promise in the domain of modularity detection is the Newman and Girvan (NG) algorithm, which relies on the number of shortest-paths across pairs of vertices in the network traversing a given edge, referred to as the betweenness of that edge. The edge with the highest betweenness is iteratively eliminated from the network, with the betweenness of the remaining edges recalculated in every iteration. This generates a complete dendrogram, from which modules are extracted by applying a quality metric called modularity denoted by Q. This exhaustive computation can be prohibitively expensive for large networks such as Protein-Protein Interaction Networks. In this paper, we present a novel optimization to the modularity detection algorithm, in terms of an efficient termination criterion based on a target edge betweenness value, using which the process of iterative edge removal may be terminated. Results: We validate the robustness of our approach by applying our algorithm on real-world protein-protein interaction networks of Yeast, *** and Drosophila, and demonstrate that our algorithm consistently has significant computational gains in terms of reduced runtime, when compared to the NG algorithm. Furthermore, our algorithm produces modules comparable to those from the NG algorithm, qualitatively and quantitatively. We illustrate this using comparison metrics such as module distribution, module membership cardinality, modularity Q, and Jaccard Similarity Coefficient. Conclusions: We have presented an optimized approach for efficient modularity detection in networks. The intuition driving our approach is the extraction of holistic measures of centrality from graphs, which are representative of inherent modular structure of the underlying network, and the applic

关键词： Biological Network Jaccard Index Input Network High Betweenness Jaccard Similarity Coefficient

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Uncertainty Quantification Using Subsampling for Assembly-Free Estimates of Genomic Distance and Phylogenetic Relationships 26th

Uncertainty Quantification Using Subsampling for Assembly-F...

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26th international Conference on Research in Computational Molecular Biology, RECOMB 2022

作者： Rachtman, Eleonora Sarmashghi, Shahab Bafna, Vineet Mirarab, Siavash Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program UC San Diego La JollaCA United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering UC San Diego La JollaCA United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering UC San Diego La JollaCA United States

Computing the distance between two genomes, often without using alignments or even access to assembled sequences, is fundamental to many downstream analyses. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Spri... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9783031047480

关键词： Uncertainty analysis

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Configurable clutter models for radar simulation

Configurable clutter models for radar simulation

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international Waveform Diversity and Design Conference

作者： Joseph A. Jezak Guy Gadola Charles Berdanier Steven P. Levitan Donald M. Chiarulli Computer Engineering Graduate Program University of Pittsburgh Department of Electrical Engineering Wright State University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Pittsburgh Department of Computer Science University of Pittsburgh

In this paper we describe an extension to the MATLAB Phased Array Toolkit that adds a configurable clutter object to model clutter signals returned along a specified signal path. The clutter model is based on the Simkins Unified Clutter Model[1]. The current implementation supports sea clutter in any of five sea states with configurable polarization, grazing angle, and beam width. We describe the implementation and give examples of modeled clutter returns.

关键词： Clutter Object oriented modeling Mathematical model Reflectivity Radar Computational modeling Arrays

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Using a Recurrent Neural Network Model for Classification of Tweets Conveyed Influenza-related Information 1

Using a Recurrent Neural Network Model for Classification of...

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1st international Workshop on Digital Disease Detection using Social Media, DDDSM 2017, co-located with the 8th international Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing, IJCNLP 2017

作者： Wang, Chen-Kai Singh, Onkar Tang, Zhao-Li Dai, Hong-Jie Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Bioinformatics Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Institute of Information Science Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Institute of Biomedical Informatics National Yang-Ming University Taipei Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taitung University Taitung Taiwan Interdisciplinary Program of Green and Information Technology National Taitung University Taitung Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781948087070

Traditional disease surveillance systems depend on outpatient reporting and virological test results released by hospitals. These data have valid and accurate information about emerging outbreaks but it's often not timely. In recent years the exponential growth of users getting connected to social media provides immense knowledge about epidemics by sharing related information. Social media can now flag more immediate concerns related to outbreaks in real time. In this paper we apply the long short-term memory recurrent neural network (RNN) architecture to classify tweets conveyed influenza-related information and compare its performance with baseline algorithms including support vector machine (SVM), decision tree, naive Bayes, simple logistics, and naive Bayes multinomial. The developed RNN model achieved an F-score of 0.845 on the MedWeb task test set, which outperforms the F-score of SVM without applying the synthetic minority oversampling technique by 0.08. The F-score of the RNN model is within 1% of the highest score achieved by SVM with oversampling technique. © 2017 AFNLP

关键词： Support vector machines

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A Distributed Task Allocation Protocol for Cooperative Multi-UAV Search and Rescue Systems

A Distributed Task Allocation Protocol for Cooperative Multi...

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2021 international Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems, ICUAS 2021

作者： De Freitas, Edison Pignaton Basso, Maik Da Silva, Antonio Arlis Santos Vizzotto, Marcos Rodrigues Correa, Mateus Schein Cavalheiro Federal University of Rio Grande Do sul Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Porto Alegre Brazil Federal University of Rio Grande Do sul Graduate Program in Computer Science Porto Alegre91.501-970 Brazil Federal University of Rio Grande Do sul Department of Electric Automation and Energy Porto Alegre Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9780738131153

Nowadays, applications involving multiple robotic systems connected through a wireless network - to perform tasks together - have an increased research interest. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are excellent tools for evaluating and surveying distributed robotic systems applications due to their flexibility and three-dimensional mobility capability. Cooperative systems composed of multiples UAVs may have a centralized coordination which assists the members of a team to make their decisions in a distributed manner regarding the tasks to be performed. This paper proposes a system composed of embedded hardware and a high-level communication protocol that serves as a basis for identifying, distributing, and allocating tasks in a simple and distributed way to be used by groups of UAVs. The proposal is evaluated in a search and rescue scenario. The setup is configured with two types of UAVs - namely, searchers (search for new tasks) and workers (execution of tasks). Also, a set of nine simulation experiments covering three different setups were performed. Then the proposal is evaluated by two sets of field experiments with real vehicles. The obtained results in the proposed experiments demonstrate that the system can be successfully used in the proposed scenario for task distribution and allocation. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Antennas

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Electronic-photonic quantum systems on-chip

Electronic-photonic quantum systems on-chip

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Quantum 2.0, QUANTUM 2022

作者： Wang, Imbert Ramesh, Anirudh Kramnik, Danielius Fargas Cabanillas, Josep M. Stojanović, Vladimir Kumar, Prem Popović, Miloš A. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Photonics Center Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Graduate Program in Applied Physics Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science UC Berkeley BerkeleyCA94720 United States Center for Photonic Communication and Computing Dept. of Electrical and Computer Eng. Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States

We present progress towards realizing electronic-photonic quantum systems on-chip;particularly, entangled photon-pair sources, placing them in the context of previous work, and outlining our vision for mass-producible... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171111

关键词： Quantum entanglement

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