检索结果-内蒙古大学图书馆

Internet of Things to network smart devices for ecosystem monitoring

Science Bulletin 2019年第17期64卷 1234-1245页

作者： Xin Li Ning Zhao Rui Jin Shaomin Liu Xiaomin Sun Xuefa Wen Dongxiu Wu Yan Zhou Jianwen Guo Shiping Chen Ziwei Xu Mingguo Ma Tianming Wang Yonghua Qu Xinwei Wang Fangming Wu Yuke Zhou Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth Chinese Academy o f Sciences Beijing 100101 China Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy o f Sciences Beijing 100101 China Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Faculty o f Geographical Science Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China Optoelectronics System Laboratory Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100083 China Research Base of Karst Eco-environments at Nanchuan in Chongqing Ministry of Nature Resources School of Geographical Sciences Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Engineering Monitoring and Research Center for Amur Tigers and Amur Leopards National Forestry and Grassland Administration & College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

Smart, real-time, low-cost, and distributed ecosystem monitoring is essential for understanding and managing rapidly changing ecosystems. However, new techniques in the big data era have rarely been introduced into operational ecosystem monitoring, particularly for fragile ecosystems in remote *** introduce the Internet of Things(IoT) techniques to establish a prototype ecosystem monitoring system by developing innovative smart devices and using IoT technologies for ecosystem monitoring in isolated environments. The developed smart devices include four categories: large-scale and nonintrusive instruments to measure evapotranspiration and soil moisture, in situ observing systems for CO2 and d13 C associated with soil respiration, portable and distributed devices for monitoring vegetation variables, and Bi-CMOS cameras and pressure trigger sensors for terrestrial vertebrate monitoring. These new devices outperform conventional devices and are connected to each other via wireless communication networks. The breakthroughs in the ecosystem monitoring IoT include new data loggers and longdistance wireless sensor network technology that supports the rapid transmission of data from devices to wireless networks. The applicability of this ecosystem monitoring IoT is verified in three fragile ecosystems, including a karst rocky desertification area, the National Park for Amur Tigers, and the oasis-desert ecotone in China. By integrating these devices and technologies with an ecosystem monitoring information system, a seamless data acquisition, transmission, processing, and application IoT is created. The establishment of this ecosystem monitoring IoT will serve as a new paradigm for ecosystem monitoring and therefore provide a platform for ecosystem management and decision making in the era of big data.

关键词： ecosystem monitoring Fragile ecosystem Internet of Things Wireless sensor network Smart device

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

N concentration of old leaves and twigs is more sensitive to stand density than that of young ones in Chinese fir plantations： a case study in subtropical China

引用

Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第1期29卷 163-169页

作者： Yuebao Di Xiaoli Fu Huimin Wang Wenhua Li Silong Wang Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 People's Republic of China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Processes and Information Ji'an 343725 People's Republic of China Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Sbenyang 110016 People' s Republic of China

Young leaves are conventionally used in the analysis to study the nutrient status of evergreen plants and their responses to environmental changes, but the role of old leaves remains poorly understood. We selected two stand types in 31-year-old Chinese fir（Cunninghamia lanceolata） plantations with similar soil conditions but different stand densities, to test the hypothesis that nitrogen（N） concentration of old leaves and twigs is more sensitive to stand density than that of young ones. Leaves and twigs were sampled and sorted into young（one-year-old） and old（two-and three-year-old） groups. Significant differences in N concentration and carbon： nitrogen ratio between the low-density stand and high-density stand were only found in the old leaves and twigs but not in the young *** the N resorption efficiency did not vary significantly with stand density, the annual N resorption rates were increased in old leaves and relatively young twigs at high stand density. These results show the potential use of old tissues in the nutrient analysis in Chinese fir plantations. Testing the generality of these results could improve the use of foliar analysis as an indicator of nutrient status and environmental changes in evergreen tree species.

关键词： Foliar analysis Twig Nitrogen Nutrient resorption Stand density

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Longer conserved alpine forests ecosystem exhibits higher stability to climate change on the Tibetan Plateau

引用

Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第4期12卷 645-652页

作者： Jian Li Nan Cong Jiaxing Zu Yuqin Xin Ke Huang Quan Zhou Yaojie Liu Lin Zhou Li Wang Yang Liu Ge Zhang Southwest Branch of State Grid Corporation of China Chengdu 610094China Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModelingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100090China Xizang Xinhe Supervision and Consulting Limited Company Lhasa 850000China International Institute for Earth System Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055China State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Company Chengdu 610094China School of Urban and Environment Liaoning Normal UniversityDalian 116029China Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology Harbin 150001China

Aims Vegetation dynamics are simultaneously regulated by climate change and anthropogenic *** the 1980s,climate has been warming on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)at a rate higher than North Hemisphere *** activities,including grazing,farming,and urbanization,are also influencing the alpine ecosystem on the ***,an ensemble of large engineering projects,such as power transported from west to east by State Grid,has been in operation on the *** studies disentangling effects of climate and anthropogenic activities interference are still lacking for the forest ecosystems on the *** overarching objectives of this study were to separate effects of natural climates and human interferences on forest ecosystem dynamics on the *** We compared vegetation activities of two typical natural reserves(Gongbu natural reserve,GNR,and Yarlung zangbo river grand canyon natural reserve,YNR)and their surroundings in southeastern Tibet(outside of the natural reserves,ONR)using long-term satel-lite normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)*** regression and partial correlation analyses were constructed for the relationship between vegetation activity and climates to evaluate the distinct climate effects on the two natural *** Findings The two natural reserves were established at different time,which were related to anthropogenic activities impact *** results showed that the annual mean NDVI fluctuated between 0.5 and 0.6 in the relatively longer reserved YNR,which was re-markably higher than those in other regions(with NDVI lower than 0.45).The vegetation vigor in the YNR showed neither a sig-nificant temporal trend nor significant relationship with ***,vegetation vigor exhibited a significant increasing trend during the last three decades(0.012/decade)at the *** inter-decadal analysis turned out positive relationships between vegetation vigor and annual temperature since late 1990s u

关键词： climate change human interference natural reserves vegetation activity Southeastern Tibet

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Comparison of Methods for Evaluating the Forage-livestock Balance of Alpine Grasslands on the Northern Tibetan Plateau

引用

Journal of Resources and Ecology 2020年第3期11卷 272-282页

作者： CAO Yanan WU Jianshuang ZHANG Xianzhou NIU Ben HE Yongtao School of Earth Science and Engineering Hebei University of EngineeringHandan 056038HebeiChina Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModellingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Livestock grazing is one of primary way to use grasslands throughout the world, and the forage-livestock balance of grasslands is a core issue determining animal husbandry sustainability. However, there are few methods for assessing the forage-livestock balance and none of those consider the dynamics of external abiotic factors that influence forage yields. In this study, we combine long-term field observations with remote sensing data and meteorological records of temperature and precipitation to quantify the impacts of climate change and human activities on the forage-livestock balance of alpine grasslands on the northern Tibetan Plateau for the years 2000 to 2016. We developed two methods: one is statical method based on equilibrium theory and the other is dynamic method based on non-equilibrium theory. We also examined the uncertainties and shortcomings of using these two methods as a basis for formulating policies for sustainable grassland management. Our results from the statical method showed severe overgrazing in the grasslands of all counties observed except Nyima(including Shuanghu) for the entire period from 2000 to 2016. In contrast, the results from the dynamic method showed overgrazing in only eight years of the study period 2000–2016, while in the other nine years alpine grasslands throughout the northern Tibetan Plateau were less grazed and had forage surpluses. Additionally, the dynamic method found that the alpine grasslands of counties in the northeastern and southwestern areas of the northern Tibetan Plateau were overgrazed, and that alpine grasslands in the central area of the plateau were less grazed with forage surpluses. The latter finding is consistent with field surveys. Therefore, we suggest that the dynamic method is more appropriate for assessment of forage-livestock management efforts in alpine grasslands on the northern Tibetan Plateau. However, the statical method is still recommended for assessments of alpine grasslands profoundly di

关键词： aboveground biomass alpine grasslands carrying capacity forage-livestock balance Northern Tibetan Plateau

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Separating the impacts of climate change and human activities on actual evapotranspiration in Aksu River Basin ecosystems, Northwest China

引用

Hydrology Research 2018年第6期49卷 1741-1752页

作者： Yang, Peng Xia, Jun Zhan, Chesheng Chen, Xuejuan Qiao, Yunfeng Chen, Jie Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan430000 China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China

Separating the impacts of climate change and human activity on actual evapotranspiration (ET) is important for reducing comprehensive risk and improving the adaptability of water resource systems. In this study, the spatiotemporal distribution of actual ET in the Aksu River Basin, Northwest China, during the period 2000–2015 was evaluated using the Vegetation Interfaces Processes model and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer-Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. The impact of climate change and human activity on actual ET were separated and quantified. The results demonstrated that: (1) the annual pattern of actual ET per pixel exhibited the highest values for arable land (average 362.4 mm/a/pixel), followed by forest land and grassland (average of 159.6 and 142.8 mm/a/pixel, respectively). Significant increasing linear trends (p © IWA Publishing 2018

关键词： Climate change

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Solute transport characteristics of a deep soil profile in the Loess Plateau,China

引用

Journal of Arid Land 2018年第4期10卷 628-637页

作者： WANG Jiao SHAO Ming'an Key Laboratory of Ecosystems Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China

Understanding solute transport behaviors of deep soil profile in the Loess Plateau is helpful for ecological construction and agricultural production improvement. In this study, solute transport processes of a deep soil profile were measured by a conservative tracer experiment using 25 undisturbed soil cores （20 cm long and 7 cm diameter for each） continuously sampled from the surface downward to the depth of 500 cm in the Loess Plateau of China. The solute transport breakthrough curves （BTCs） were analyzed in terms of the convection-dispersion equation （CDE） and the mobile-immobile model （MIM）. Average pore-water velocity and dispersion coefficient （or effective dispersion coefficient） were calculated using the CDE and MIM. Basic soil properties and water infiltration parameters were also determined to explore their influence on the solute transport parameters. Both pore-water velocity and dispersion coefficient （or effective dispersion coefficient） generally decreased with increasing depth, and the dispersivity fluctuated along the soil profile. There was a good linear correlation between log-transformed pore-water velocity and dispersion coefficient, with a slope of about 1.0 and an average dispersivity of 0.25 for the entire soil profile. Generally speaking, the soil was more homogeneous along the soil profile. Our results also show that hydrodynamic dispersion is the dominant mechanism of solute transport of loess soils in the study area.

关键词： solute transport loess soil pore-water velocity dispersion coefficient hydraulic conductivity Loess Plateau

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Extreme Drought Decreases the Stability of Above- but Not Below-Ground Productivity Across Eurasian Steppes

引用

Global change biology 2025年第6期31卷 e70303页

作者： Yingjie Yan Chong Xu Yann Hautier Hongqiang Wang Yuguang Ke Honghui Wu Jinsong Wang Changjin Cheng Xiaoan Zuo Wentao Luo Melinda D Smith Alan K Knapp Scott L Collins Qiang Yu School of Grassland Science Beijing Forestry University Beijing China. State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China. Ecology and Biodiversity Group Department of Biology Utrecht University Utrecht the Netherlands. Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China. State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China. Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Science Lanzhou China. Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China. Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA. Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico USA.

Ecological stability plays a crucial role in determining the sustainability of ecosystem functioning and nature's contribution to people. Although the disruptive effects of extreme drought on ecosystem structure and functions are widely recognized, their effect on the stability of above- and belowground productivity remains understudied. We assessed the effects of drought on ecosystem stability using a 3-year drought experiment established in six Eurasian steppe grasslands. The treatments imposed included ambient precipitation, chronic drought (66% reduction in precipitation throughout the growing season), and intense drought (complete exclusion of precipitation for two months during the growing season). We found that drought, irrespective of how it was imposed, reduced the stability of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) but had little impact on belowground net primary productivity (BNPP) stability. Reduced ANPP stability under drought was primarily attributed to changes in subordinate species stability, with mean annual precipitation (MAP) and its variability, historical drought frequency, and the aridity index (AI) also influencing responses to extreme drought. In contrast, BNPP stability was not related to any community factor investigated, but it was influenced by MAP variability and AI. Our findings that above- and belowground productivity stability in grasslands are differentially sensitive to multi-year extreme drought under both common (MAP and AI) as well as unique drivers (plant community changes) highlight the complexity of predicting carbon cycle dynamics as hydrological extremes become more severe.

关键词： climatic extreme coordinated experiment ecosystem stability grassland plant community productivity

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Near surface camera informed agricultural land monitoring for climate smart agriculture

Climate Smart Agriculture

引用

Climate Smart Agriculture 2024年第1期1卷

作者： Le Yu Zhenrong Du Xiyu Li Qiang Zhao Hui Wu Duoji weise Xinqun Yuan Yuanzheng Yang Wenhua Cai Weimin Song Pei Wang Zhicong Zhao Ying Long Yongguang Zhang Jinbang Peng Xiaoping Xin Fei Xu Miaogen Shen Hui Wang Yuanmei Jiao Yong Luo Department of Earth System Science Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Institute for Global Change Studies Tsinghua University Beijing China Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds Beijing China Tsinghua University (Department of Earth System Science)- Xi'an Institute of Surveying and Mapping Joint Research Center for Next-Generation Smart Mapping Beijing China School of Information and Communication Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian China Geothermal Geological Brigade Tibet Autonomous Region Geological and Mineral Exploration and Development Bureau Lhasa China International Department Beijing No. 35 High School Beijing China Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf Ministry of Education Nanning Normal University Nanning China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation Nanning Normal University Nanning China Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Restoration Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Yantai China Yellow River Delta Field Observation and Research Station of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem Chinese Academy of Sciences Dongying China Department of Landscape Architecture School of Architecture Tsinghua University Beijing China Institute for National Parks Tsinghua University Beijing China School of Architecture and Hang Lung Center for Real Estate Key Laboratory of Eco Planning & Green Building Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing China International Institute for Earth System Sciences Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing University Nanjing China Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing Univer

Continuous and accurate monitoring of agricultural landscapes is crucial for understanding crop phenology and responding to climatic and anthropogenic changes. However, the widely used optical satellite remote sensing is limited by revisit cycles and weather conditions, leading to gaps in agricultural monitoring. To address these limitations, we designed and deployed a Near Surface Camera (NSCam) network across China, and explored its application in agricultural land monitoring and achieving climate-smart agriculture (CSA). By analyzing the image data captured by the NSCam network, we can accurately assess long-term or abrupt agricultural land changes. According to the preliminary monitoring results, integrating NSCam data with remote sensing imagery greatly enhances the temporal details and accuracy of agricultural monitoring, aiding agricultural managers in making informed decisions. The impacts of abnormal weather conditions and human activities on agricultural land, which are not captured by remote sensing imagery, can be complemented by incorporating our NSCam network. The successful implementation of this method underscores its potential for broader application in CSA, promoting resilient and sustainable agricultural practices.

关键词： Near surface camera (NSCam) Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) Agricultural monitoring Data fusion Sentinel-2

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Temperature Affects New Carbon Input Utilization by Soil Microbes: Evidence based on a Rapid δ^(13)C Measurement Technology

引用

Journal of Resources and Ecology 2019年第2期10卷 202-212页

作者： CAO Yingqiu ZHANG Zhen XU Li CHEN Zhi HE Nianpeng Resources and Environment College Anhui Agricultural University Hefei 230036 China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academyof Sciences Beijing 100101 China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Institute of Grassland Science Northeast Normal University and Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology Ministry of Education Changchun 130024 China

Strong and rapid responses of soil microbial respiration to pulses,such as those from available soil organic matter(SOM)or water input from precipitation(especially in arid areas),are ***,how soil microbes utilize new SOM inputs and the effects that temperature may have on their activities are unclear owing to the limitation in the application of traditional isotopic techniques at minute *** the present study,we developed a system of measuring 12CO2 and δ^13C minutely and synchronously under controlled incubation temperatures,i.e.,for 48 h at 7,10,15,20,and 25℃,to explore the carbon utilization strategies of soil *** measured the respiration rates of soil microbes in response to different carbon sources,i.e.,added glucose(Rg)and initial SOM(Rs),as well as the total respiration rate(Rt).All responses were rapid and characterized by unimodal ***,the characteristic values of these curves,such as the maximum of rate(R-max),the time required to achieve R-max,and the ratio of the duration of R-max to that of 1/2 R-max,were all dependent on incubation ***,temperature greatly influenced the strategy that microorganisms employed to utilize different carbon *** effects of temperature on the intensity of the microbial respiratory response and the ratio of Rg/Rs are important for evaluating the effect of land-use changes or variations in seasonal temperature on SOM turnover and should be considered in ecological models in future studies.

关键词： soil respiration decomposition isotopic pulse soil organic matter turnover

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

ANALYZING THE VELOCITY OF VEGETATION PHENOLOGY OVER THE TIBETAN PLATEAU USING GIMMS NDVI3g DATA

ANALYZING THE VELOCITY OF VEGETATION PHENOLOGY OVER THE TIBE...

引用

The ISPRS Technical Commission III Midterm Symposium on "Developments, Technologies and Applications in Remote Sensing"

作者： Y.K.Zhou Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling IGSNRRCAS

Global environmental change is rapidly altering the dynamics of terrestrial vegetation, and phenology is a classic proxy to detect the response of vegetation to the changes. On the Tibetan Plateau, the earlier spring and delayed autumn vegetation phenology is widely reported. Remotely sensed NDVI can serve as a good data source for vegetation phenology study. Here GIMMS NDVI3 g data was used to detect vegetation phenology status on the Tibetan Plateau. The spatial and temporal gradients are combined to depict the velocity of vegetation expanding process. This velocity index represents the instantaneous local velocity along the Earth's surface needed to maintain constant vegetation condition. This study found that NDVI velocity show a complex spatial pattern. A considerable number of regions display a later starting of growing season(SOS) and earlier end of growing season(EOS) reflected by the velocity change, particularly in the central part of the plateau. Nearly 74% vegetation experienced a shortened growing season length. Totally, the magnitude of the phenology velocity is at a small level that reveals there is not a significant variation of vegetation phenology under the climate change context.

关键词： Vegetation Phenology Velocity GIMMS NDVI Tibetan Plateau Climate Change

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：