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SSRN 2023年

作者： Zhang, Chi Tang, Qiuhong Zhao, Yang Chen, Deliang Huang, Jinchuan Liu, Yubo Zhang, Xu Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing China Department of Earth Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Two historic Meiyu events in 1998 and 2020 hit the Yangtze River Valley (YRV), causing catastrophic damage to the socio-economy. By tracking moisture supplies to the extreme precipitation events using Water Accounting Model-2Layers and ERA5 reanalysis, the moisture origins and their differences in feeding the YRV precipitation were revealed. Climatologically, the southwest monsoon channel is the most important moisture channel with the Indian Ocean contributing ~45% and the Indo-China Peninsula contributing ~16% of the YRV precipitation. During the two super Meiyu events, the Indian Ocean and the Indo-China Peninsula dominated the excessive moisture supply, which together contributed more than 65% of the extra precipitation. Moisture supply anomalies in 1998 and 2020 showed a robust spatial pattern of "west increase-east decrease". When the YRV precipitation is higher than the normal, moisture mainly comes from the southwest sources, and moisture contribution from the northwestern Pacific is relatively small. We also found that the intensity of the western Pacific subtropical high is a major influencing factor that explained ~47% of the YRV precipitation variation during 1991–2020. When it intensifies, an anomalous anticyclone is formed in the mid-lower troposphere around the tropical Northwest Pacific. In its northwestern flank, a strong southwesterly in the upwind of the YRV helps bring in more moisture through the southwest monsoon. In the downwind, it inhibits moisture supply from the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Compared with 2020, a drier condition over Indo-China Peninsula and YRV in 1998 led to a substantially less (~29%) moisture supply to the YRV precipitation, resulting in a less strong Meiyu event in 1998. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Moisture

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High-resolution reconstruction of April-September precipitation and major extreme droughts in China over the past∼530 years

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Science Bulletin 2024年第17期69卷 2756-2764页

作者： Yongxiang Zhang Hongli Wang Xuemei Shao Hongbin Liu Haifeng Zhu Lily Wang Eryuan Liang Zhixin Hao Xiuqi Fang Qibin Zhang Jinjian Li Xinghe Shi Yujiang Yuan Feng Chen Tongwen Zhang Ruibo Zhang Huaming Shang Jianfeng Peng National Climate Centre China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Beijing New Epoch School the Administrative Bureau of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100086China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100101China Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China School of Atmospheric Sciences Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225China Qinghai Climate Centre Xining 810001 China Key Laboratory of Tree-Ring Physical and Chemical Research of China Meteorological Administration Key Laboratory of Tree-Ring Ecology of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionInstitute of Desert MeteorologyChina Meteorological AdministrationUrumqi 830002China Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security Institute of International Rivers and Eco-SecurityYunnan UniversityKunming 650000China College of Geography and Environmental Science Henan UniversityKaifeng 475004China

Extreme drought events have increased,causing serious losses and damage to the social economy under current warming ***,short-term meteorological data limit our understanding and projection of these *** the accumulation of proxy data,especially tree-ring data,large-scale precipitation field reconstruction has provided opportunities to explore underlying mechanisms *** point-by-point regression,we reconstructed the April-September precipitation field in China for the past~530 years on the basis of 590 proxy records,including 470 tree-ring width chronologies and 120 drought/flood *** regression models explained average 50%of the variance in *** the statistical test on calibration and verification,our models passed the significance level that assured reconstruction *** reconstruction data performed well,showing consistency and better quality than previously reported *** first three leading modes of variability in the reconstruction revealed the main distribution modes of precipitation over ***/drought and extremely wet/drought years accounted for 12.81%/10.92%(68 years/58 years)and 1.69%/3.20%(9 years/17 years)of the past~530 years in China,*** extreme drought events can be identified explicitly in our *** detailed features of the Chongzhen Great Drought(1637-1643),the Wanli Great Drought(1585-1590),and the Ding-Wu Great Famine(1874-1879),indicated the existence of potentially different underlying mechanisms that need further *** further improvements can be made for remote uninhabited areas and large deserts,our gridded reconstruction of April-September precipitation in China over the past~530 years can provide a solid database for studies on the attribution of climate change and the mechanism of extreme drought events.

关键词： Precipitation reconstruction Tree rings Historical documents Precipitation variability Extreme droughts

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Effects of Grazing on the Grassland Vegetation Community Characteristics in Inner Mongolia

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2021年第3期12卷 319-331页

作者： GUO Caiyun ZHAO Dongsheng ZHENG Du ZHU Yu Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The continuous increase of livestock production in Inner Mongolia has caused severe degradation of the grassland ecosystems in recent years. Previous grazing experiments have shown a wide range of vegetation responses between the biome types on a global scale, but there is still a lack of sufficient studies to discern the relative responses of a given biome type. We conducted a meta-analysis of vegetation coverage(VC), plant density(PD), total biomass(TB), above-ground biomass(AGB), under-ground biomass(UGB) and Shannon–Weaver Index(SI) in different grassland types in Inner Mongolia obtained under conditions of different grazing intensities and durations. The results showed that grazing decreased VC, TB, AGB, UGB, and PD significantly. Compared to the global and national average values, the negative effects of grazing to steppe biomass in Inner Mongolia were higher than that on the global scale, while less pronounced than that in China. TB of the meadow steppe in Inner Mongolia increased by 40% under moderate grazing intensity and duration because of compensatory growth. SI of the desert and meadow steppe showed negative linear relationships with the grazing intensity in Inner Mongolia. The percentage changes in AGB, PD, and SI to grazing showed quadratic relationships with the mean annual temperature of the experimental year. With increasing mean annual precipitation, the negative effects of grazing on UGB and SI first decreased and then increased, with that of VC and grazing showing a cubic relationship.

关键词： grazing intensity grazing duration vegetation community characteristics meta-analysis Inner Mongolia

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Simulating the Impacts of the New-type Urbanization Policy on Rural Settlement Changes:A case Study in Dingzhou,China

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2022年第2期13卷 285-298页

作者： GUO Jie SONG Wei GUO Liyu ZHANG Yuling College of Geomatics Xi’an University of Science and TechnologyXi'an 710054China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Laoshan District Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Qingdao City Shandong 266061 China

To cope with the difficulties of integrating migrant workers into urban life and inefficient land use caused by conventional urbanization,China has proposed a new type of urbanization *** policy may have a significant impact on the spatial patterns of rural settlements in *** this potential impact is conducive to the proposal of scientific plans for the spatial patterns of rural ***,this paper chooses Dingzhou,one of the pilot cities of this new-type urbanization,as the research area to carry out a simulation study on the impact of the new-type urbanization *** has invested heavily in the new-type urbanization construction in recent years,but the influence of the policy on rural settlements remains *** on the theoretical framework of previous studies,this paper set up three scenarios,namely“conventional urbanization”,“new-type urbanization”,and“counter-urbanization”.This paper used FLUS(Future land Use simulation)Model and various spatial data to simulate the spatial patterns of rural settlements in Dingzhou in 2030 under the different *** comparing the different scenarios,the impacts of the new-type urbanization policy on the spatial patterns of rural settlements in Dingzhou were *** results indicated that:(1)From 2000 to 2015,the area of rural settlements in Dingzhou increased by 11.12%.Spatially,the density of rural settlements around the cities and towns increased,and rural settlement areas were mainly converted from cultivated *** settlements were mainly transformed into urban land and cultivated land.(2)The overall simulation accuracy of FLUS was 0.89,so it can be well applied to the simulation of rural settlements.(3)In all three scenarios,rural settlements expanded along their edges,and the closer they were to towns,the more obvious the expansion *** the counter-urbanization scenario,the change of rural settlements was most dramatic.(4)The new-type urbanization policy ma

关键词： land use rural settlement new-type urbanization FLUS Dingzhou China

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Progress and prospects of applied research on physical geography and the living environment in China over the past 70 years (1949-2019)

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2021年第1期31卷 3-45页

作者： CHEN Fahu WU Shaohong CUI Peng CAI Yunlong ZHANG Yili YIN Yunhe LIU Guobin OUYANG Zhu MA Wei YANG Linsheng WU Duo LEI Jiaqiang ZHANG Guoyou ZOU Xueyong CHEN Xiaoqing TAN Minghong WANG Xunming BAO Anming CHENG Weixin DANG Xiaohu WEI Binggan WANG Guoliang WANG Wuyi ZHANG Xingquan LIU Xiaochen LI Shengyu Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchCASBeijing 100101China CAS Centre for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CASBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation CASBeijing 100101China Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment CASChengdu 610041China College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources CASLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography CASUrumqi 830011China The Geographical Society of China Beijing 100101China Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China College of Geology and Environment Xi'an University of Science and TechnologyXi’an 710054China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research CASBeijing 100101China

Physical geography is a basic research subject of natural sciences. Its research object is the natural environment which is closely related to human living and development, and China’s natural environment is complex and diverse. According to national needs and regional development, physical geographers have achieved remarkable achievements in applied basis and applied research, which also has substantially contributed to the planning of national economic growth and social development, the protection of macro ecosystems and resources, and sustainable regional development. This study summarized the practice and application of physical geography in China over the past 70 years in the following fields: regional differences in natural environments and physical regionalization;land use and land cover changes;natural hazards and risk reduction;process and prevention of desertification;upgrading of medium-and low-yield fields in the Huang-Huai-Hai region;engineering construction in permafrost areas;geochemical element anomalies and the prevention and control of endemic diseases;positioning and observation of physical geographical elements;and identification of geospatial differentiation and geographical detectors. Furthermore, we have proposed the future direction of applied research in the field of physical geography.

关键词： physical geography scientific practice applied research regional development national strategy

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Climate change and water security in the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains

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Geography and Sustainability 2022年第3期3卷 246-257页

作者： Qiuhong Tang Xingcai Liu Yuanyuan Zhou Puyu Wang Zhongqin Li Zhixin Hao Suxia Liu Gang Zhao Bingqi Zhu Xinlin He Fadong Li Guang Yang Li He Haoxin Deng Zongxia Wang Xiang Ao Zhi Wang Paul P.J.Gaffney Lifeng Luo Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science/Tianshan Glaciological Station Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering Shihezi UniversityShihezi 832000China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchBeijing 100101China College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010018China Hydrology Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Urumqi 83000China Department of Geography Environmentand Spatial SciencesMichigan State UniversityMI 48824United States

Water security is under threat worldwide from climate change. A warming climate would accelerate evaporationand cryosphere melting, leading to reduced water availability and unpredictable water supply. However, thewater crisis in the Northern Slope of Tianshan Mountains(NSTM) faces dual challenges because water demandsforfast-growing urban areas have put heavy pressure on water resources. The mountain-oasis-desert system featuresglacier-fed rivers that sustain intensive water use in the oasis and end in the desert as fragile terminal *** complex balance between water conservation and economic development is subtle. This paper investigateschanges in hydroclimatic variables and water security-related issues on the NSTM. The spatiotemporal variationsin glaciers, climatic variables, rivers, lakes and reservoirs, groundwater, surface water, human water use, andstreamflow were analyzed for the past four decades. The results show that temperature in the NSTM exhibitedan apparent upward trend with a more significant warming rate in the higher altitude regions. Glacier massloss and shrinkage was strong. The average annual streamflow increased from 1980-1989 to 2006–2011 at mosthydrological stations. The monthly dynamics of surface water area showed notable variability at both inter-annual and seasonal scales, revealing the impacts of both natural and anthropogenic drivers on surface wateravailability in the region. The terrestrial water storage anomaly showed a decreasing trend, which might berelated to groundwater pumping for irrigation. Human water use for agriculture and industry grew with theincrease in cultivated land area and gross domestic product (GDP). The increased agricultural water use wasstrongly associated with the expansion of oases. It is unclear whether water availability would remain high underfuture climatic and hydrological uncertainties, posing challenges to water management. In the context of rapidurban growth and climate change, balancing water f

关键词： Tianshan Mountains Climate change Water security Water resources Human water use

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Unveiling Amplified Cooling Effect from Increased Rice Paddy Coverage in Northeast China: Insights from a Decomposed Temperature Metric Analysis

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Yang, Tong Dong, Jinwei Wang, Jie Zhang, Chao Liu, Wenqi Zhou, Yuting Zhang, Geli College of Land Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing100193 China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China College of Grassland Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing100193 China Department of Geography Oklahoma State University StillwaterOK74078 United States

Massive rice paddy expansion in Northeastern China has been documented to change land surface temperature (LST) through both biophysical and biochemical mechanisms. However, the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of the effects on LST, the changes along with the rice paddy proportion, and the detailed biophysical mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we analyzed the differences in LST (dLST), albedo (dAlbedo), and ET (dET) between rice paddy and adjacent dryland, using the "space-for-time" and pair-wise comparison approach based on surface parameter datasets and 10-m crop type maps in 2019. Our results showed that rice paddy expansion reduced the daytime LST (-2.02 ± 1.03℃) and albedo (-1.02 ± 1.07%) but increased the nighttime LST (0.76 ± 0.41℃) and ET (0.03 ± 1.20 mm/8 days) in Northeastern China during the growing season (May to September). The effects were stronger in spring than in summer and autumn. Spatially, Sanjiang Plain showed a daytime cooling effect in late months and a nighttime warming effect in earlier months than other regions. For every one percent increase in the proportion of rice paddies, the daytime dLST decreased by -1.32 ℃, nighttime dLST increased by 0.48 ℃, dAlbedo decreased by 0.64%, while dET showed no significant change. Further, we found that sensible heat flux and latent heat flux alternatively varied and dominated the cooling effects in the growing season. These results emphasized that spatial heterogeneity and intrinsic biophysical mechanisms of land cover changes should be considered in model simulations of land cover changes, crop plantation plans, and regional climate mitigation strategies. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Solar radiation

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Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from different soil fractions by persulfate oxidation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第4期31卷 239-246页

作者： Xiaoyong Liao Qiongzhi Liu You Li Xuegang Gong Hongying Cao Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Damage Assessment and RemediationInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) from different soil fractions of contaminated soil was investigated by using activated persulfate oxidation remediation in our research. The results showed that the light fraction, which accounted for only 10% of the soil, contained 30% of the PAHs at a concentration of 4352 mg/kg. The heavy fraction contained more high-molecular-weight PAHs, and the total PAH concentration was 625 mg/kg. After being oxidized, the removal rate of PAHs was 39% in the light fraction and nearly 90% in the heavy fraction. Among the different fractions of the heavy fraction,humic acid contained the highest concentration of PAHs, and consequently, the highest removal efficiency of PAHs was also in humic acid. Compared with the light fraction, the heavy fraction has more aromatic compounds and those compounds were broken down during the oxidation process, which may be the removal mechanism involved in the oxidation of high-ring PAHs. Similarly, the enhancement of C= C bonds after oxidation can also explain the poor removal of high-ring PAHs in the light fraction. These results imply that different fractions of soil vary in composition and structure, leading to differences in the distribution and oxidation efficiencies of PAHs.

关键词： Soil fraction Persulfate oxidation PAHs Organic matter Bond

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Crop production changes and the impact of Grain for Green program in the Loess Plateau of China

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Journal of Arid land 2020年第1期12卷 18-28页

作者： LYU Changhe XU Zhiyuan Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Rural Development Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou 310021China

Since the Grain for Green(GFG)program was implemented in 1999,most steeply sloping farmlands in the Loess Plateau of China have been returned to forestland and *** understand its impact on the food production,this study analyzed the spatiotemporal changes of food crop production(FCP)in the plateau and quantified the contribution of sown area and yield changes to the total FCP during 1998–2014 using factor decomposition models,and then discussed the impact of GFG program on the FCP based on literature *** the implementation of GFG program,total sown area in the Loess Plateau quickly deceased by 17.3%from 1998 to 2003,and then gradually restored to 1.03×107 hm2 in ***,it slightly decreased to 1.02×107 hm2(94.6%of the area in 1998)in *** contrast,total FCP generally showed an apparent growth trend,averagely increased by 1.71%per year in the whole plateau during 1998–*** increase was jointly contributed by the improved yield of individual crops,and the adjustment of cropping structure,i.e.,the expansion of high yield maize *** factor decomposition analysis results indicate that the sown area shrinkage only reduced the growth rate of total FCP by 0.29%per year during 1998–2014,although a significant impact was found for the early stage of 1999–*** results suggest that the implementation of GFG program would not induce an obvious risk of the food ***,it is suggested that the GFG program should be set as a long-term strategic policy,by not only supporting the conversion of slope farmlands,but also helping local farmers to seek sustainable ways of land use to improve the income and *** can be combined with the poverty eradication program,to simultaneously achieve the national goals of ecological civilization building and the livelihood improvement of rural people in the Loess *** rainfall limitation,the conversion of slope farmlands should be prioritized to grasslands.

关键词： spatiotemporal change farmland conversion hilly region factor decomposition semi-arid regions

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Inter-provincial Differences in Rice Multi-cropping Changes in Main Double-cropping Rice Area in China: Evidence from Provinces and Households

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Chinese Geographical Science 2019年第1期29卷 127-138页

作者： WANG Renjing LI Xiubin TAN Minghong XIN Liangjie WANG Xue WANG Yahui JIANG Min Key laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institution of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Since the early 1980 s, the multi-cropping index for rice has decreased significantly in main double-cropping rice area in China, which is the primary double-cropping rice(DCR) production area. This decline may bring challenges to food security in China because rice is the staple food for more than 60% of the Chinese population. It has been generally recognized that rapidly rising labor costs due to economic growth and urbanization in China is the key driving force of the ‘double-to-single' rice cropping system adaption. However, not all provinces have shown a dramatic decline in DCR area, and labor costs alone cannot explain this difference. To elucidate the reasons for these inter-provincial distinctions and the dynamics of rice cropping system adaption, we evaluated the influencing factors using provincial panel data from 1980 to 2015. We also used household survey data for empirical analysis to explore the mechanisms driving differences in rice multi-cropping changes. Our results indicated that the eight provinces in the study can be divided into three spatial groups based on the extent of DCR area decline, the rapidly-declining marginal, core, and stable zones. Increasing labor cost due to rapid urbanization was the key driving force of rice cropping system adaption, but the land use dynamic vary hugely among different provinces. These differences between zones were due to the interaction between labor price and accumulated temperature conditions. Therefore, increasing labor costs had the greatest impact in Zhejiang, Anhui, and Hubei, where the accumulated temperature is relatively low and rice multi-cropping index declined dramaticly. However, labor costs had little impact in Guangdong and Guangxi. Differences in accumulated temperature conditions resulted in spatially different labor demands and pressure on households during the busy season. As a result, there have been different profits and rice multi-cropping changes between provinces and zones. Because of

关键词： multi-cropping change inter-provincial differences cropping system adaption accumulated temperature double-cropping rice area China

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