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Effect of Oxide Interactions on Chromium Speciation Transformation During Simulated Municipal Solid Waste Incineration

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Zhao, Guodong Tian, Chong Wu, Peidong Zhang, Xuguang Wang, Zhikang Chen, Xiaoxiang Xiong, Zhuo Zhao, Yongchun Zhang, Junying State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion School of Energy and Power Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China School of Power and Mechanical Engineering Wuhan University Wuhan430072 China National Environmental Protection Engineering Technology Center for Trace Elements Pollution Control and Low Carbon Utilization of Coal Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China School of Environmental Engineering Wuhan Textile University Wuhan430200 China

The removal of chromium from simulated MSWI flue gas by four sorbents (CaO, Bamboo Charcoal (BC), Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC), and Al2O3) and the effects of four oxides (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, and CaO) on chromium speciation transformation were investigated. The results showed that the removal rates of total Cr by the four sorbents were Al2O3 © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Oxidation

Rapid and High-Precision Cavity-Enhanced Spectroscopic Measurement of Hono and No2: Application to Emissions from Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles in Chassis Dynamometer Tests and in Mobile Monitoring

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Wang, Meng Liu, Wenyang Ding, Xiang Liu, Tao Zhou, Wenxin Lou, Shengrong Venables, Dean S. Varma, Ravi Huang, Cheng Chen, Jun School of Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China School of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute University College Cork Cork Ireland State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention the Urban Air Pollution Complex Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences Shanghai200233 China Department of Physics National Institute of Technology Calicut Calicut673601 India

Nitrous acid (HONO) is crucial in atmospheric chemistry as it is a major precursor for hydroxyl radicals (OH), the dominant atmospheric oxidant. Hydroxyl radicals are essential in the formation of secondary air pollutants like ozone and particulate matter. This study presents a newly developed Incoherent Broadband Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (IBBCEAS) system for precise and rapid measurements of HONO and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emissions. The instrument’s optical cavity (formed by two mirrors separated by 96 cm and with reflectivity of 0.99955 at 378 nm) resulted in an effective optical path length of 1.4 km. Over 5 seconds, the 1σ measurement precisions for HONO and NO2 were 0.24 ppb and 0.60 ppb with overall measurement uncertainties of 10% and 6%, respectively. A comparative analysis of the IBBCEAS and a commercial cavity-attenuated phase shift (CAPS) systems under non-emission conditions demonstrated excellent agreement (slope = 1.01 and R² = 0.98). The instrument was applied to study HONO and NO2 emissions from heavy-duty vehicles in chassis dynamometer tests and mobile monitoring. Chassis dynamometer tests revealed that HONO and NO2 emissions depend strongly on vehicle speed and driving conditions. We find a HONO/NOX ratio of 1.01×10-2 across the entire China-World Transient Vehicle Cycle (C-WTVC) driving cycle. Mobile monitoring in urban areas shows emission characteristics similar to those observed in chassis dynamometer tests. Frequent acceleration-deceleration patterns of diesel vehicles under congested traffic conditions lead to higher HONO and NO2 emissions compared to driving under steady speed conditions. Improving traffic flow conditions will help reduce HONO and NO2 emissions. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nitrogen oxides

Design Optimization of the IGBT’s Raising N-Buffer Layer

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Design Optimization of the IGBT’s Raising N-Buffer Layer

Energy, Power and Grid (ICEPG), International Conference on

作者： Kaifu Hu Yuan Wei Haiyu Qiu Linlin Zhang Xiaodong Zhang Chong Shen State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea Hainan University Haikou China The CETC Marine Information Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd Lingshui Lingshui China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Hainan University Haikou China School of Ocean Science and Technology Hainan Tropical Ocean University

ISBN: (数字)9798350377798

ISBN: (纸本)9798350377804

This paper presents a comparative analysis focusing on the design of the Raised N-buffer layer of IGBT (RN-IGBT), as opposed to the traditional FS-IGBT, with validation conducted utilizing the Silvaco technology Computer-Aided Design (TCAD) platform. The RN-IGBT structure features a quasi-neutral N-drift region insert into Negative-type buffer layer and Positive-type collector region. Additionally, the raised N -buffer layer in the drift region results in $\mathbf{4. 7 \%}$ improvement of critical breakdown voltage for the same on-state losses or, up to $22 \%$ turn-off losses reduction, while preserving the same level of on-state voltage decrement, as compared to a standard FS-IGBT configuration. The utilization of RN-IGBT extends to RC-IGBT implementations, enabling the mitigation of snapback phenomena.

关键词： Buffer layers Insulated gate bipolar transistors Breakdown voltage Energy loss Electric breakdown Prevention and mitigation Focusing Switches Pressing Standards

Vitamin D Modulates Lipid Metabolism Disorder in Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) Liver Caused by Polystyrene Nanoplastic Exposure

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Li, Yunxia Teng, Miaomiao Zhao, Lihui Sun, Jiaqi Zhu, Wentao Wu, Fengchang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing100012 China School of Energy and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083 China Innovation Center of Pesticide Research Department of Applied Chemistry College of Science China Agricultural University Beijing100193 China

Many studies have investigated lipid metabolism disorders caused by nanoplastic exposure in aquatic organisms, but few studies have aimed to alleviate these effects of nanoplastics. In this study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to 0, 15, or 150 μg/L of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs, 80 nm) for 21 days and were also supplied with a low vitamin D (VD) diet (280 IU/kg) or a high VD diet (2800 IU/kg) to determine whether and how VD can regulate lipid metabolism disorder induced by PS-NPs. Transmission electron microscopy showed that PS-NPs accumulated in the liver of zebrafish, which led to a large number of vacuoles and lipid droplets in liver cell matrices. However, two groups supplemented with the high VD diet exhibited a reduced accumulation of PS-NPs (one by 25% and the other by 20%) and a reduced number of lipid droplets in their liver tissues. Examination of further biochemical indicators showed that the high VD diet reversed the increase in the contents of triglycerides and total cholesterol induced by PS-NPs and regulated lipid metabolism disorder by inhibiting lipid biosynthesis. Untargeted lipidomics showed that PS-NPs mainly affected the changes of lipid molecular content related to cell membrane function and lipid biosynthesis and that the high VD diet reduced the content of lipid molecules related to lipid biosynthesis, effectively alleviating cell membrane damage and lipid accumulation. These findings highlight the potential of VD to alleviate lipid metabolism disorder caused by PS-NPs exposure, thereby providing insights into how the toxic effects of NPs on aquatic organisms could be reduced. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Polystyrenes

Citric Acid Can Enhance the Uptake and Accumulation of Organophosphate Esters (Opes) in Suaeda Salsa Rhizosphere: Potential for Phytoremediation

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Wang, Qingzhi Zhao, Hongxia Bekele, Tadiyose Girma Qu, Baocheng Chen, Jingwen Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering MOE School of Environmental Science and Technology Dalian University of Technology Dalian116024 China College of Marine Technology and Environment Dalian Ocean University Dalian116023 China

Bioaccumulation of organophosphate esters (OPEs) by plants has been widely studied, but how actual root exudates influence their bioavailability to plants is largely unexplored. Here, we examined whether root exudates could promote desorption of OPEs, thereby enhancing bioavailability and subsequent accumulation potential. Root exudate components exert great influences on the sorption/desorption isotherms of OPEs in soils, resulting in activating OPEs and enhanced bioavailability. Among root exudate components, citric acid was confirmed to play a crucial role in driving OPEs, with 77.7−90.3% attribution. Citric acid at rhizosphere levels (0.01−0.4 mM) can successfully reduce OPEs sorption to soils by decreasing electrostatic interaction, ligand exchange, and hydrophobic force. Pot experiments indicated that the addition of citric acid can significantly increase OPEs dissolution and bioaccumulation from the rhizosphere soil to Suaeda salsa . A higher level of citric acid in rhizosphere soil resulted in a higher accumulation of OPEs in Suaeda salsa , which was partly attributed to the enhanced OPEs mobility, and the increased root lengths (13.4−29.0%) and tip numbers (60.2−120%), promoting OPEs uptake by roots. Our findings suggest the activation process of OPEs in soils by citric acid at rhizosphere levels and provide insights into designing LMWOAs-enhanced phytoremediation techniques in natural environment. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biochemistry

Construction of Nano-Rod-Like Highly Crystalline G-C3n4 in Situ Supported Ni0.85se for Asymmetric Supercapacitors

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Xu, Yang Zheng, Leizhi Liu, Chengbao Chen, Feng Qian, Junchao Qiu, Yongbin Meng, Xianrong Chen, Zhigang Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environment Functional Materials Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou215009 China School of Materials Science and Engineering Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou215009 China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material for Water Treatment Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou215009 China Jiangsu Province Ceramics Research Institute Co. Ltd. Yixing214221 China Suzhou Institute of Environmental Science Suzhou215007 China

Due to its special electron configuration, large number of electrochemical reactive sites, and a high theoretical specific capacitance, Ni0.85Se has great application potential for supercapacitor electrodes. However, the poor charge driving ability and easy aggregation of Ni0.85Se hinder the full utilization of its electrochemical reactive site, thus limit its practical application. Here, nano-rod-like highly crystalline graphitic carbon nitride (CCN) was synthesized via molten salt assisted method, and then CCN/Ni0.85Se composite nanomaterials were synthesized by hydrothermal induction. Through various characterization and electrochemical tests, nano-rod-like CCN not only improves the poor electrical conductivity and incomplete surface reactive site exposure of bulk g-C3N4 prepared by traditional thermal polymerization, but also improves the charge dynamics and enrich the electrochemical active sites of sheets Ni0.85Se, and improves the electrochemical activity of the composite. On the base of results, CCN/Ni0.85Se-7 has the best specific capacitance of 1234 F g-1 at 1 A g-1, which is significantly higher than that of pure phase Ni0.85Se (841.2 F g-1) and CCN (34.4 F g-1). The CCN/Ni0.85Se-7//AC two-electrode device exhibited a maximum energy density of 29.11 Wh kg-1, a maximum power density of 8499.86 W kg-1, and good capacitance retention ability of 81.46% after 2000 cycles. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Capacitance

Wood Hydrogel for Efficient Moisture-Electric Generation

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Zhang, Jinchao Wu, Chaojun Hou, Yi Hu, Zhijun School of Environmental and Nature Resources Zhejiang University of Science and Technology Zhejiang Hangzhou310023 China State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou510641 China State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Shandong Jinan250353 China

Moisture-induced electricity generation (MEG) has been considered as an emerging sustainable electricity harvesting technology that can meet the increasingly serious energy crisis. Wood is a promising bio-based hydrovoltaic material for MEG due to its natural porous and hydrophilic structure. Herein, we developed an efficient wood hydrogel-based moist-electric generator (WMEG) by combining wood porous structure and ionic hydrogels. The ionically conductive wood hydrogel was fabricated by infiltrating poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/acrylic acid (AA) hydrogel into the porous structure of delignified wood. The balsa wood exposed more cellulose and channels after delignification, creating favorable conditions for the filling and cross-linking of hydrogel networks. The filling of PAA/PVA ionic hydrogels significantly improved the ionic conductivity of wood, from 3.78 × 10−4 S/cm in the raw wood to 5.39 × 10−4 S/cm in the wood hydrogel with 8-h delignification (longitudinal L-direction), which created favorable conditions for ion diffusion and migration. When exposed to atmosphere moisture, driven by the synergistic effect of asymmetric moisture adsorption and ion migration, a single WMEG device (DL 8 h) with the size of 1 cm × 1 cm could generate an open-circuit voltage of ∼525 mV and a short-circuit current of ∼1.85 μA in the ambient environment (∼25 °C and 65 ± 5% relative humidity). These findings in this study provide a new strategy to develop energy-harvesting systems from sustainable wood materials. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hydrogels

Real-Time Detection of Tea Chrysanthemums in Complex Outdoor Scenes

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Real-Time Detection of Tea Chrysanthemums in Complex Outdoor...

IEEE International Conference on Industrial technology (ICIT)

作者： Siyang Zang Lei Shu Ru Han Feiya Zhang Zhijun Zhang Der-Jiunn Deng College of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Green Agricultural Production and Intelligent Equipment School of Environmental Science and Engineering Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology Maoming China School of Engineering University of Lincoln Lincoln U.K. Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Changhua University of Education Changhua Taiwan

ISBN: (数字)9798331521950

ISBN: (纸本)9798331521967

Picking robots have emerged as a pivotal focus in smart agriculture, with precise target position detection being a key element for realizing robotic picking. However, detecting tea chrysanthemums presents various challenges, including their dynamic appearance, complex environmental conditions, susceptibility to occlusion and lighting variations, and the requirement for real-time embedded systems. When applied to complex outdoor scenes for Tea chrysanthemum targets, existing detection models suffer from drawbacks such as missed detections, low accuracy, and slow processing speeds. To address these challenges, we introduce YOLO-VTC (You Only Look Once-Varieties of Tea Chrysanthemum), a lightweight deep-learning model optimized for the Jetson Xavier NX platform. Detection experiments were conducted on image data capturing eight varieties of tea chrysanthemums in complex outdoor scenes collected in 2023. Results demonstrate that YOLO-VTC achieves an average accuracy of 86.60% and a peak accuracy of 97.10%, surpassing other lightweight networks with remarkable performance. Notably, the model effectively maintains a compact size of 6.58MB and has been successfully deployed on edge device platforms.

关键词： Adaptation models Technological innovation Accuracy Computational modeling Feature extraction Stability analysis Robustness Real-time systems Robots Load modeling

Analysis of PM2.5 Morphology, Composition and Health Risk in a Multi-Chair Dental Clinic

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environmental Toxicology 2025年 2025 Apr 9页

作者： Tang, Fengqin Qi, Shengcai Tang, Xiaoshan Wen, Xueyun Zhang, Yiming Peng, Guotao Huang, Jieying Shang, Guangwei Zhang, Xu Chen, Fubo Xu, Yuanzhi Cai, Jing Department of Stomatology Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China Department of Prosthodontics Shanghai Stomatology Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Tongji University Shanghai China School of Public Health Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment Fudan University Shanghai China

Particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) at high concentrations in dental clinics poses significant health risks to healthcare professionals. However, the morphology and chemical composition of PM2.5 in specific environments are not yet fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the concentration, morphology, chemical composition, and health assessment of PM2.5 collected in a multi-chair dental clinic in Shanghai, China. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were performed to observe the morphology and elemental composition of indoor and outdoor PM2.5. Chemicals were measured for their concentrations using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). In the dental clinic, the indoor PM2.5 concentration ranged from 2.01 to 114.59 μg/m3, with a mean of 23.31 μg/m3, while the outdoor PM2.5 concentration ranged from 2.88 to 157.4 μg/m3, with a mean of 30.98 μg/m3. Indoor particles showed more rough, irregular mineralization, which was confirmed as the dominant elements of Ca, P, Si, and zirconia (Zr) by EDS. The average concentrations of Ca, P, Cu, Sr, and Sb indoors were lower than those outdoors (p −6), with values of 3.68 × 10−5, 1.10 × 10,−5 and 5.52 × 10−6, respectively, and the non-carcinogenic risk of Cd was the highest, as illustrated by the Hazard Quotient of 2.04. These findings indicate that dental healthcare professionals may be exposed to PM2.5 containing high concentrations of toxic metals and carcinogenic elements over the long term. This study highlights the importance of protective measures (e.g., the adoption of efficient air purification systems) to minimize the risk of particle inhalation for both patients and professionals. © 2025 The Author(s). environmental Toxicology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

关键词： Air quality