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Fin width and height dependence of bipolar amplification in bulk FinFETs submitted to heavy ion irradiation

Chinese Physics B 2015年第11期24卷 650-655页

作者：于俊庭陈书明陈建军黄鹏程 College of Computer National University of Defense Technology National Laboratory for Parallel and Distributed Processing National University of Defense Technology

FinFET technologies are becoming the mainstream process as technology scales down. Based on a 28-nm bulk p- FinFET device, we have investigated the fin width and height dependence of bipolar amplification for heavy-ion-irradiated FinFETs by 3D TCAD numerical simulation. Simulation results show that due to a well bipolar conduction mechanism rather than a channel （fin） conduction path, the transistors with narrower fins exhibit a diminished bipolar amplification effect, while the fin height presents a trivial effect on the bipolar amplification and charge collection. The results also indicate that the single event transient （SET） pulse width can be mitigated about 35% at least by optimizing the ratio of fin width and height, which can provide guidance for radiation-hardened applications in bulk FinFET technology.

关键词： fin width and height bipolar amplification single event transient bulk FinFET

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Exploiting a depth context model in visual tracking with correlation filter

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017年第5期18卷 667-679页

作者： Zhao-yun CHEN Lei LUO Da-fei HUANG Mei WEN Chun-yuan ZHANG College of Computer National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China National Key Laboratory of Parallel and Distributed Processing Changsha 410073China

Recently correlation filter based trackers have attracted considerable attention for their high computational efficiency. However, they cannot handle occlusion and scale variation well enough. This paper aims at preventing the tracker from failure in these two situations by integrating the depth information into a correlation filter based tracker. By using RGB-D data, we construct a depth context model to reveal the spatial correlation between the target and its surrounding regions. Furthermore, we adopt a region growing method to make our tracker robust to occlusion and scale variation. Additional optimizations such as a model updating scheme are applied to improve the performance for longer video sequences. Both qualitative and quantitative evaluations on challenging benchmark image sequences demonstrate that the proposed tracker performs favourably against state-of-the-art algorithms.

关键词： Visual tracking Depth context model Correlation filter Region growing

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Bidirectional Influence and Interaction for Multiagent Reinforcement Learning

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2024年第10期5卷 4984-4995页

作者： Sun, Shaoqi Xu, Kele Feng, Dawei Ding, Bo National University of Defense Technology National Key Laboratory of Parallel and Distributed Processing Changsha410003 China

In recent years, multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL) has demonstrated considerable potential across diverse applications. However, in reinforcement learning environments characterized by sparse rewards, the scarcity of reward signals may give rise to reward conflicts among agents. In these scenarios, each agent tends to compete to obtain limited rewards, deviating from collaborative efforts aimed at achieving collective team objectives. This not only amplifies the learning challenge but also imposes constraints on the overall learning performance of agents, ultimately compromising the attainment of team goals. To mitigate the conflicting competition for rewards among agents in MARL, we introduce the bidirectional influence and interaction (BDII) MARL framework. This innovative approach draws inspiration from the collaborative ethos observed in human social cooperation, specifically the concept of "sharing joys and sorrows." The fundamental concept behind BDII is to empower agents to share their individual rewards with collaborators, fostering a cooperative rather than competitive behavioral paradigm. This strategic shift aims to resolve the pervasive issue of reward conflicts among agents operating in sparse-reward environments. BDII incorporates two key factors—namely, the Gaussian kernel distance between agents (physical distance) and policy diversity among agents (logical distance). The two factor collectively contribute to the dynamic adjustment of reward allocation coefficients, culminating in the formation of reward distribution weights. The incorporation of these weights facilitates the equitable sharing of agents’ contributions to rewards, promoting a cooperative learning environment. Through extensive experimental evaluations, we substantiate the efficacy of BDII in addressing the challenge of reward conflicts in MARL. Our research findings affirm that BDII significantly mitigates reward conflicts, ensuring that agents consistently align with the origi

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Auxo: an architecture-centric framework supporting the online tuning of software adaptivity

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2015年第9期58卷 31-45页

作者： WANG HuaiMin DING Bo SHI DianXi CAO JianNong Alvin T.S.Chan National Key Laboratory of Parallel and Distributed Processing College of ComputerNational University of Defense Technology Department of Computing Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Adaptivity is the capacity of software to adjust itself to changes in its environment. A common approach to achieving adaptivity is to introduce dedicated code during software development stage. However,since those code fragments are designed a priori, self-adaptive software cannot handle situations adequately when the contextual changes go beyond those that are originally anticipated. In this case, the original builtin adaptivity should be tuned. For example, new code should be added to provide the capacity to sense the unexpected environment or to replace outdated adaptation decision logic. The technical challenges in this process, especially that of tuning software adaptivity at runtime, cannot be understated. In this paper,we propose an architecture-centric application framework for self-adaptive software named Auxo. Similar to existing work, our framework supports the development and running of self-adaptive software. Furthermore,our framework supports the tuning of software adaptivity without requiring the running self-adaptive software to be terminated. In short, the architecture style that we are introducing can encapsulate not only general functional logic but also the concerns in the self-adaptation loop(such as sensing, decision, and execution)as architecture elements. As a result, a third party, potentially the operator or an augmented software entity equipped with explicit domain knowledge, is able to dynamically and flexibly adjust the self-adaptation concerns through modifying the runtime software architecture. To truly exercise, validate, and evaluate our approach,we describe a self-adaptive application that was deployed on the framework, and conducted several experiments involving self-adaptation and the online tuning of software adaptivity.

关键词： software architecture self-adaptive software architecture style application framework software adaptation

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Single event upset induced by single event double transient and its well-structure dependency in 65-nm bulk CMOS technology

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2016年第4期59卷 152-159页

作者： Pengcheng HUANG Shuming CHEN Jianjun CHEN College of Computer National University of Defense Technology National Laboratory for Parallel and Distributed Processing National University of Defense Technology

Single event upset (SEU) is one of the most important origins of soft errors in aerospace *** technology scales down persistently, charge sharing is playing a more and more significant effect on SEU of flip-flop. Charge sharing can often bring about multi-node charge collection in storage nodes and non-storage nodes in a flip-flop. In this paper, multi-node charge collection in flip-flop data input and flip-flop clock signal is investigated by 3D TCAD mixed-mode simulations, and the simulate results indicate that single event double transient (SEDT) in flip-flop data input and flip-flop clock signal can also cause a SEU in flip-flop. This novel mechanism is called the SEDT-induced SEU, and it is also verified by heavy-ion experiment in 65 nm twin-well process. The simulation results also indicate that this mechanism is closely related with the well-structure,and the triple-well structure is more effective to increase the SEU threshold of this mechanism than twin-well structure.

关键词： single event upset (SEU) single event double transient (SEDT) SEDT-induced SEU parasitic bipolar effect (PBE) charge sharing

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The influences of model parameters on the characteristics of memristors

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Chinese Physics B 2012年第4期21卷 576-585页

作者：周静黄达 National Laboratory for Parallel and Distributed Processing School of ComputerNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China

As the fourth passive circuit component, a memristor is a nonlinear resistor that can ＂remember＂ the amount of charge passing through it. The characteristic of ＂remembering＂ the charge and non-volatility makes memristors great potential candidates in many fields. Nowadays, only a few groups have the ability to fabricate memristors, and most researchers study them by theoretic analysis and simulation. In this paper, we first analyse the theoretical base and characteristics of memristors, then use a simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis as our tool to simulate the theoretical model of memristors and change the parameters in the model to see the influence of each parameter on the characteristics. Our work supplies researchers engaged in memristor-based circuits with advice on how to choose the proper parameters.

关键词： memristor I-V characteristics simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis

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Flip-flops soft error rate evaluation approach considering internal single-event transient

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2015年第6期58卷 159-170页

作者： SONG RuiQiang CHEN ShuMing HE YiBai DU YanKang College of Computer Science National University of Defense Technology Science and Technology on Parallel and Distributed Processing Laboratory

The internal single-event transient(SET) induced upset in flip-flops is becoming significant with the increase of the operating frequency. However, the conventional soft error rate(SER) evaluation approach could only produce an approximate upset prediction result caused by the internal SET. In this paper, we propose an improved SER evaluation approach based on Monte Carlo simulation. A novel SET-based upset model is implemented in the proposed evaluation approach to accurately predict upsets caused by the internal SET. A test chip was fabricated in a commercial 65 nm bulk process to validate the accuracy of the improved SER evaluation approach. The predicted single-event upset cross-sections are consistent with the experimental data.

关键词： soft error rate Monte Carlo internal SET single-event upset flip-flops

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Jammer Localization for Wireless Sensor Networks

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电子学报(英文版) 2011年第4期20卷 735-738页

作者： SUN Yanqiang WANG Xiaodong ZHOU Xingming National Key Laboratory for Parallel and Distributed Processing College of Computer Science National University of Defense Technology Changsha China

Jamming attack can severely affect the performance of Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) due to the broadcast nature of wireless medium. In order to localize the source of the attacker, we in this paper propose a jammer localization algorithm named as Minimum-circlecovering based localization (MCCL). Comparing with the existing solutions that rely on the wireless propagation parameters, MCCL only depends on the location information of sensor nodes at the border of the jammed region. MCCL uses the plane geometry knowledge, especially the minimum circle covering technique, to form an approximate jammed region, and hence the center of the jammed region is treated as the estimated position of the jammer. Simulation results showed that MCCL is able to achieve higher accuracy than other existing solutions in terms of jammer's transmission range and sensitivity to nodes' density.

关键词：无线传感器网络干扰定位传感器节点位置信息覆盖技术定位算法无线传播几何知识

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Large-scale graph processing systems: a survey

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信息与电子工程前沿（英文版） 2020年第3期21卷 384-404页

作者： Ning LIU Dong-sheng LI Yi-ming ZHANG Xiong-lve LI Science and Technology on Parallel and Distributed Processing Laboratory National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410000China

Graph is a significant data structure that describes the relationship between entries. Many application domains in the real world are heavily dependent on graph data. However, graph applications are vastly different from traditional applications. It is inefficient to use general-purpose platforms for graph applications, thus contributing to the research of specific graph processing platforms. In this survey, we systematically categorize the graph workloads and applications, and provide a detailed review of existing graph processing platforms by dividing them into general-purpose and specialized systems. We thoroughly analyze the implementation technologies including programming models, partitioning strategies, communication models, execution models, and fault tolerance strategies. Finally, we analyze recent advances and present four open problems for future research.

关键词： Graph workloads Graph applications Graph processing systems

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Social media in Git Hub: the role of @-mention in assisting software development

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2017年第3期60卷 50-67页

作者： Yang ZHANG Huaimin WANG Gang YIN Tao WANG Yue YU Key Laboratory of Parallel and Distributed Computing College of ComputerNational University of Defense Technology

Recently, many researches propose that social media tools can promote the collaboration among developers, which are beneficial to the software development. Nevertheless, there is little empirical evidence to confirm that using @-mention has indeed a beneficial impact on the issues in Git Hub. In order to begin investigating such claim, we examine data from two large and successful projects hosted on Git Hub, the Ruby on Rails and the Angular JS. By using qualitative and quantitative analysis, we give an in-depth understanding on how @-mention is used in the issues and the role of @-mention in assisting software development. Our statistical results indicate that, @-mention attracts more participants and tends to be used in the difficult issues. @-mention favors the solving process of issues by enlarging the visibility of issues and facilitating the developers' collaboration. Our study also build an @-network based on the @-mention database we *** the @-network, we investigate its evolution over time and prove that we certainly have the potential to mine the relationships and characteristics of developers by exploiting the knowledge from the @-network.

关键词： issues social media @-mention Git Hub software development

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