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International Conference on environmental engineering and Applications (ICEEA)

作者： Suqin Li Liingling Zhang School of metallurgical and ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing China Key Laboratory of Ecologic & Recycle Metallurgy National Ministry of Education Beijing China Civil & Environment Engineering School University of Science and Technology Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424486199

Preparation of efficient adsorbents with sewage sludge and its application in chromium-containing wastewater treatment was discussed. The chemical physics activation method was used to dispose secondary sedimentation tank sludge and the final residual sludge to produce activated carbon, respectively. The effect of concentrations of oxidizer, activated temperature, solid-liquid ratio and activation time on the properties of adsorbent have also been observed. The complex of ZnCl2 and H2SO4 were used to prepare activated carbon. Based on the measurements of iodine number of adsorbents, the optimal processing parameters were determined. Under the optimum conditions, iodine adsorption value of sedimentation tank sludge activated carbon is 458.92 mg/g, which is 50mg/g more than the iodine adsorption value of residual sludge activated carbon. At of pH 5, stirring speed of 120 r/min and concentration of 4 g /L, the chromium ion removal rate was up to 83.2 %.

关键词： Materials

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Electrochemical performance of sulfur composite cathode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2009年第10期20卷 1255-1258页

作者： Feng Wu Sheng Xian Wu Ren Jie Chen Shi Chen Guo Qing Wang School of Chemical Engineering and Environment Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering Beijing 100081 China National Development Center for High Technology Green Material Beijing 100081 China

The structure and characteristic of carbon materials have a direct influence on the electrochemical performance of sulfur-carbon composite electrode materials for lithium-sulfur battery. In this paper, sulfur composite has been synthesized by heating a mixture of elemental sulfur and activated carbon, which is characterized as high specific surface area and microporous structure. The composite, contained 70% sulfur, as cathode in a lithium cell based on organic liquid electrolyte was tested at room temperature. It showed two reduction peaks at 2.05 V and 2.35 V, one oxidation peak at 2.4 V during cyclic voltammogram test. The initial discharge specific capacity was 1180.8 mAh g-1 and the utilization of electrochemically active sulfur was about 70.6% assuming a complete reaction to the product of Li2S. The specific capacity still kept as high as 720.4 mAh g^-1 after 60 cycles retaining 61% of the initial discharge capacity.

关键词： Sulfur composite Cathode materials Activated carbon Electrochemical performance

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Recovery and stabilization of heavy metal sludge (Cu and Ni) from etching and electroplating plants by electrolysis and sintering

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science China Chemistry 2009年第5期52卷 644-651页

作者： TSAI LungChang TSAI FangChang Graduate School of Environment and Safety Engineering National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials Hubei University Faculty of Material Science and Engineering Hubei University

This work dealt with the recovery and stabilization of the sludge with heavy metals (Cu and Ni) produced from etching and electroplating plants. The heavy metals in the sludge were deprived of by acid leaching, followed by precipitation with 28% NH4OH, and finally by electrolysis. In the electrolysis, the recovery percentage and purity were investigated at different electronic currency and temperature. The metal-deprived sludge was stabilized by mixing with glass powder and clay, followed by sintering at high temperature. How the ratio of glass powder to metal-deprived sludge affected final products (sludge bricks) was explored, in terms of specific gravity, absorption capacity, unconfined compressive strength, morphology, the volume shrinkage ratio and burn-up ratio. The volume shrinkage ratio and burn-up ratio of sludge bricks increased with metal-deprived sludge contents. The heavy metal remaining in sludge bricks was assessed through TCLP (toxicity characteristic leaching procedure) and by the analysis of SEM and EDX. The results from TCLP showed that the contents of leached metals were all below the regulatory criteria. This fact approved the feasibility of our method.

关键词： heavy metal sludge treatment stability electrolysis brick material toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP)

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Preparation and characterization of a mixing soft-segment waterborne polyurethane polymer electrolyte

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2009年第1期20卷 115-118页

作者： Feng Wu Yue Jiao Li Ren Jie Chen Shi Chen School of Chemical Engineering and Environment Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineeing Beijing 100081 China National Development Center for High Technology Green Material Beijing 100081 China

The mixing soft-segment WPU （waterborne polyurethane） polymer electrolytes were synthesized by using PEO （poly（ethylene oxide）） and PDMS （polydimethylsiloxane） as the soft segments. These polymer electrolytes exhibit good thermal and electrochemical stabilit）＇. The conductivity of the gel polymer electrolyte is 2.52 × 10^-3 S/cm at 25 ℃ with the LiTFSI/（DMC ＋ EC） content of 130%.

关键词： Polymer electrolytes Waterborne polyurethane Polydimethylsiloxane Thermal stability Ionic conductivity

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Lake level variations monitored with satellite altimetry waveform retracking

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IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 2009年第2期2卷 80-86页

作者： Guo, Jinyun Chang, Xiaotao Gao, Yonggang Sun, Jialong Hwang, Cheinway College of Geodesy and Geomatics Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266510 China Key Laboratory of Surveying and Mapping Technology on Island and Reef SBSM Qingdao 266510 China Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping Beijing 100039 China College of Environment and Resources Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350002 China Department of Civil Engineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan

Over lake shores, altimetric waveforms are generally contaminated by lands, rough lake surfaces, and lag effects of the altimeter's automatic gain control. To improve altimeter ranging accuracy and in turn to get better surface height measurement, contaminated waveforms should be retracked against geophysical corrections. In this paper, an improved threshold retracker (ITR) is developed to retrack waveforms over lakes. ITR considers not only the physical characteristics of the reflecting surface, but also the stochastic feature of waveform, and two new retrackers, the N-Beta function model, and the N-5-Beta function model, are also put forward to develop the waveform retracking program of this study. TOPEX/POSEIDON waveforms over Hulun Lake in the North China are retracked to monitor the temporal lake level variations. A comparison with the in situ hydrological data indicates ITR is very efficient to monitor the lake level variations with the retracked altimetric data. The result of our study shows accurate seasonal level variations and the descending trend of Hulun Lake. © 2009 IEEE.

关键词： Lakes

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Failure mechanism of Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu flip-chip solder joints under electric current stress

Failure mechanism of Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu flip-chip solder joints un...

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2009 16th IEEE International Symposium on the Physical and Failure Analysis of Integrated Circuits, IPFA 2009

作者： Lu, Yu-Dong He, Xiao-Qi En, Yun-Fei Wang, Xin China Electronic Product Reliability and Environmental Test Research Institute P.O.Box 1501-05 Guangzhou 510610 China 5th Electronics Research Institute Ministry of Information Industry National Key Laboratory for Reliability Physics and Its Application Guangzhou 510610 China Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424439102

Electromigration in flip-chip bumps of Sn3.0AgO.5Cu, has been studied at current density of 2.03l04 A/cm2• Three, potential failure modes induced by electromigration in SnAgCu, flip-chip bumps were investigated in terms of microstructural, evolution. According to IPC standard or U.S. Military Standard, (MIL-STD), all theses three kinds of damages would be determined, failure in failure-analysis procedures for microcircuits © 2009 IEEE.

关键词： Electromigration

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Matrix-bound phosphine in Ny-Alesund Area of Arctic

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High technology Letters 2009年第3期15卷 331-336页

作者：封颖 Wang Qiang Yao Ziwei Geng Jinju Institute of Science and Technology Information of China Beijing 100038P. R. China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center Dalian 116023 P. R. China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environment Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China

Phosphine, a ubiquitous trace gas in the atmosphere, acts as a carrier of gasous phosphorus in the biogeochemical cycle. The research of phosphine will show new light on the mechanisms of how the phos- phorus supplement influence the biogeochemical cycle and global wanning. In this paper, we detect the phosphine in Arctic Pole area for the first time. The result shows that matrix-bound phosphine（MBP） ex- ists in all the samplings. Phosphine distributions varied with different environmental origins. Average phosphine concentrations in tundra soil, lake sediments, sea sediments, seabird-droppings and deer guanos were 14.17ng/kg dry, 35.44 kg dry, 67.20 kg dry, 32.9 ng/kg dry, and 25.52 ng/kg dry re- spectively. Correlation analysis shows that there is an obviously positive correlation between Porg and MBP. It could be concluded that anaerobic decomposition of Porg and the mechano-chemistry action of the rock probably are the possible reasons explaining the mechanism of MBP production in Arctic Pole area.

关键词： matrix-bound phosphine （MBP） Arctic Pole area distribution Porg rock

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Failure modes of Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu flip-chip solder joints under current stress

Failure modes of Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu flip-chip solder joints under ...

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International Conference on reliability, Maintainability and Safety,ICRMS

作者： Yu-Dong Lu Xiao-Qi He Yun-Fei En Xin Wang Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China National Key Laboratory of Reliability Physics and Its Application Technology of Electrical Component Electronics Research Institute Guangzhou China

Electromigration in flip chip solder joints of Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu has been studied at current density of 2.03times104 A/cm2 and the bump temperature was at 120 degC. Three potential failure modes were absolved and their corresponding microstructural mechanism was discussed in this paper. The pancake-type void is noticeable failure mode and dominated by current crowding. The continuous void at the cathode of contact interface between IMC and solder was also formed without current crowding. But the void has less area than the void at entire cathode contact interface to the Si Chip. The large area of IMC in left-hand section of solder joints distributed in solder joint uniquely. All of the unique microstructural evolution induced by electromigration concern the migration of atoms and vacancies in interconnects with unique geometry.

关键词： Flip chip solder joints Stress Electromigration Soldering Materials science and technology Flip chip Industrial electronics Electronics industry Cathodes Joining materials

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Response of karst Springs to climate change and anthropogenic activities: The Niangziguan Springs, China

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Progress in Physical Geography 2009年第5期33卷 634-649页

作者： Hao, Yonghong Wang, Yajie Zhu, Yuen Lin, Yi Wen, Jet-Chau Yeh, Tian-Chyi J. Key Laboratory of Water Environment and Resources Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 China College of Computer and Information Engineering Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 China College of Environment and Resources Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 Shanxi Province China School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Department of Mathematics Slippery Rock University Slippery Rock PA 16057 United States Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Touliu Yunlin 64045 Taiwan Department of Hydrology and Water Resources The University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 United States Department of Resources Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan City 701 Taiwan

Discharge from the largest karst spring in north China, the Niangziguan Springs, has been declining since the 1950s. This paper examines the response of these springs to climatic change and anthropogenic influence by attempting a model-based discrimination between phases in the stream discharge record. In Niangziguan Springs Basin, the exploitation of karst groundwater began in 1979. Accordingly, the spring discharge data were divided into two phases: pre-1979 and post-1979. In the first phase (1957-78) the spring discharge was believed to be affected solely by climate change, and in the second phase (1979-2007) the spring discharge was influenced by both climate change and human activities. Using grey system theory, a discharge model was estimated for the first phase. Extrapolating the model, we obtained a projection of the spring discharge during the second phase. Using a water balance calculation, we discerned the respective effects of climate change and human activities on depletion of spring discharge for the second phase. The results show that the contribution of climate change to depletion of Niangziguan Springs is 2.30m3/s and the contribution of anthropogenic activities ranges from 1.89 to 2.90 m3/s, although this assumes a constant for the climate change effect. Accordingly, the anthropogenic effects have been approaching and surpassing the effects of climate change during the second phase. With respect to the impact of human activities on spring discharge, groundwater abstraction accounts for only about 34-52% of the declines;48-66% of the declines are related to other human activities, such as dewatering from coal mining, dam building and deforestation. © The Author(s), 2009.

关键词： Anthropogenic influence Climate change GM(1,1) model Grey system modelling Niangziguan Springs

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Degradation on L-605 heat resistant alloy used for mono-propellant thrusters

Degradation on L-605 heat resistant alloy used for mono-prop...

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45th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit

作者： Kajiwara, Kenichi Kagawa, Hideshi Goto, Daisuke Yamabe-Mitarai, Yoko Murakami, Hideyuki Ono, Yoshinori Kuroda, Daisuke Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8505 Japan National Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan Suzuka National College of Technology Suzuka Mie 510-0294 Japan Propulsion Group Tsukuba Space Center 2-1-1 Sengen Japan Exploratory Materials Research Laboratory for Energy and Environment 1-2-1 Sengen Japan Hybrid Materials Center 1-2-1 Sengen Japan Materials Reliability Center 1-2-1 Sengen Japan Department of Materials Science and Engineering Shiroko-cho Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781563479762

Haynes25 (L-605) is a common heat resistant alloy used in mono-propellant structures and in screen materials for catalyst beds. The lifetime requirements for thrusters have expanded dramatically after studies conducted in the 1970s on mono-propellant materials used for achieving a long life. The material design had not changed for a long time, and L-605 was still used as thruster material due to its good heritage. Some important degradation incidents were found in the test-unit break-up inspection after the thruster life tests. The Japanese research team focused on the L-605 degradations found on the catalyst bed screen mesh used for mono-propellant thruster. The team analyzed the surface of the wire material and the cross-section of the wire screen mesh used in the life tests. The investigation showed that the degradation was caused by nitriding L-605 component elements. The team also suggested the installation of a platinum coating on the material surface as a L-605 nitric degradation measure. © 2009 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc.

关键词： Degradation

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