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Structural insights into the molecular mechanism of phytoplasma immunodominant membrane protein

IUCrJ 2024年第PT 3期11卷 384-394页

作者： Chang Yi Liu Han Pin Cheng Chan Pin Lin Yi Ting Liao Tzu Ping Ko Shin Jen Lin Shih Shun Lin Hao Ching Wang The PhD Program for Translational Medicine College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan. Institute of Biotechnology National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan. Institute of Biological Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan. International Center for the Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan.

Immunodominant membrane protein (IMP) is a prevalent membrane protein in phytoplasma and has been confirmed to be an F-actin-binding protein. However, the intricate molecular mechanisms that govern the function of IMP require further elucidation. In this study, the X-ray crystallographic structure of IMP was determined and insights into its interaction with plant actin are provided. A comparative analysis with other proteins demonstrates that IMP shares structural homology with talin rod domain-containing protein 1 (TLNRD1), which also functions as an F-actin-binding protein. Subsequent molecular-docking studies of IMP and F-actin reveal that they possess complementary surfaces, suggesting a stable interaction. The low potential energy and high confidence score of the IMP-F-actin binding model indicate stable binding. Additionally, by employing immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, it was discovered that IMP serves as an interaction partner for the phytoplasmal effector causing phyllody 1 (PHYL1). It was then shown that both IMP and PHYL1 are highly expressed in the S2 stage of peanut witches' broom phytoplasma-infected Catharanthus roseus. The association between IMP and PHYL1 is substantiated through in vivo immunoprecipitation, an in vitro cross-linking assay and molecular-docking analysis. Collectively, these findings expand the current understanding of IMP interactions and enhance the comprehension of the interaction of IMP with plant F-actin. They also unveil a novel interaction pathway that may influence phytoplasma pathogenicity and host plant responses related to PHYL1. This discovery could pave the way for the development of new strategies to overcome phytoplasma-related plant diseases.

关键词： X-ray crystallography actin-binding proteins immunodominant membrane proteins phytoplasma protein structure α-helix bundles

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Momordica charantia fruit extract with antioxidant capacity improves the expression of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins in epididymal fluid of chronic stress rats

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2022年第6期20卷 534-542页

作者： Supatcharee Arun Therachon Kamollerd Nareelak Tangsrisakda Sudtida Bunsueb Arada Chaiyamoon Alexander Tsang-Hsien Wu Sitthichai Iamsaard Department of Anatomy Faculty of MedicineKhon Kaen UniversityKhon Kaen 40002Thailand Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion(HHP&HP) Khon Kaen UniversityKhon Kaen 40002Thailand The PhD Program for Translational Medicine College of Medical Science and TechnologyTaipei Medical University and Academia SinicaTaipei 11031TaiwanChina Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences National Defense Medical CenterTaipei 114TaiwanChina

Objective:Although the protective effects of Momordica charantia L.(MC)extract on chemical-induced testicular damage have been studied,the preventive effects of MC extract on functional proteins in the epididymis under chronic stress have never been *** study investigated the protective effects of MC fruit extract on protein secretion,especially tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins,in the epididymis of rats exposed to chronic unpredictable stress(CUS).Methods:Total phenolic compounds(TPC),total flavonoid compounds(TFC)and antioxidant capacities of MC extract were *** male rats were divided into 4 groups:control group,CUS group,and 2groups of CUS that received different doses of MC extract(40 or 80 mg/kg).In treated groups,rats were given MC daily,followed by induction of CUS(1 stressor was randomly applied from a battery of 9 potential stressors)for 60 consecutive *** corticosterone and testosterone levels were analyzed after the end of *** of heat-shock protein 70(HSP-70)and tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins present in the fluid of the head and tail of the epididymis were quantified using Western ***:MC extract contained TPC of(19.005±0.270)mg gallic acid equivalents and TFC of(0.306±0.012)mg catechin equivalents per gram,and had 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl antioxidant capacity of(4.985±0.086)mg trolox equivalents per gram,radical 50%inhibitory concentration of(2.011±0.008)mg/mL and ferric reducing antioxidant power of(23.697±0.819)μmol Fe(Ⅱ)per *** level in the epididymis was significantly increased,while the corticosterone level was significantly improved in groups treated with MC extract,compared to the CUS ***,an 80 mg/kg dose of MC extract prevented the impairments of HSP-70 and tyrosine-phosphorylated protein expressions in the luminal fluid of the epididymis of CUS ***:MC fruit extract had antioxidant activities and improved the functional proteins secreted from

关键词： Momordica charantia L. Antioxidant activity Epididymis Tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins Chronic unpredictable stress

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AstroPix: CMOS pixels in space 10

AstroPix: CMOS pixels in space

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10th International Workshop on Semiconductor Pixel Detectors for Particles and Imaging, Pixel 2022

作者： Steinhebel, Amanda L. Caputo, Regina Fleischhack, Henrike Striebig, Nicolas Jadhav, Manoj Suda, Yusuke Luz, Ricardo Violette, Daniel Kierans, Carolyn Tajima, Hiroyasu Fukazawa, Yasushi Leys, Richard Perić, Ivan Metcalfe, Jessica Negro, Michela Perkins, Jeremy S. NASA Postdoctoral Program United States NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD United States Catholic University of America WashingtonDC United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD United States Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL United States Hiroshima University Hiroshima Hiroshima Japan Institute for Space-Environment Research Nagoya University Aichi Nagoya Japan University of Maryland Baltimore County BaltimoreMD21250 United States

space-based gamma-ray telescopes such as the Fermi Large Area Telescope have used single sided silicon strip detectors to measure the position of charged particles produced by incident gamma rays with high resolution. At energies in the Compton regime and below, two dimensional position information within a single detector is required. Double sided silicon strip detectors are one option;however, this technology is difficult to fabricate and large arrays are susceptible to noise. This work outlines the development and implementation of monolithic CMOS active pixel silicon sensors, AstroPix, for use in future gamma-ray telescopes. Based upon detectors designed using the HVCMOS process at the Karlsruhe Institute of technology, AstroPix has the potential to maintain the high energy and angular resolution required of a medium-energy gamma-ray telescope while reducing noise with the dual detection-and-readout capabilities of a CMOS chip. The status of AstroPix development and testing as well as outlook for application in future telescopes is presented. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).

关键词： Charged particles

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Chlorine-containing polyacetoxybriarane diterpenoids from the octocoral Junceella fragilis

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RSC Advances 2024年第24期14卷 17195-17201页

作者： Do, Hai Nhat Chen, Yu-Ta Chien, Su-Ying Chen, You-Ying Zhang, Mingzi M. Tsou, Lun Kelvin Chen, Jih-Jung Wen, Zhi-Hong Lo, Yi-Hao Zheng, Li-Guo Sung, Ping-Jyun Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung804201 Taiwan National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium Pingtung944401 Taiwan Department of Family Medicine Zuoying Armed Forces General Hospital Kaohsiung813204 Taiwan Instrumentation Center National Taiwan University Taipei106319 Taiwan Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine National Health Research Institutes Miaoli350401 Taiwan Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research National Health Research Institutes Miaoli350401 Taiwan Department of Pharmacy School of Pharmaceutical Sciences National Yang Ming Chia Tung University Taipei112304 Taiwan Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management Kaohsiung821004 Taiwan Institute of Medical Science and Technology National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung804201 Taiwan Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung804201 Taiwan Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center China Medical University Hospital Taichung404394 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Natural Products Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung807378 Taiwan PhD Program in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Fu Jen Catholic University New Taipei City242062 Taiwan

The chemical screening of an octocoral identifed as Junceella fragilis has led to the isolation of five chlorinated briarane-type diterpenoids, including three known metabolites, gemmacolide X (1), frajunolide I (2), and fragilide F (3), along with two new analogs, 12α-acetoxyfragilide F (4) and 12α-acetoxyjunceellin (5). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was carried out to determine the absolute configurations of 1 and 2, while the structures of new compounds 4 and 5 were ascertained with 2D NMR experiments. Briaranes 1 and 3-5 were active in enhancing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. © 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

关键词： Metabolites

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Nanoplastics impair growth and nitrogen fixation of marine nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria

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Environmental Pollution 2024年 350卷 123960页

作者： Deng, Lixia Cheung, Shunyan Liu, Jiaxing Chen, Jiawei Chen, Fengyuan Zhang, Xiaodong Liu, Hongbin Department of Ocean Science The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology China Institute of Marine Biology National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung Taiwan Center of Excellence for the Oceans National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung Taiwan Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio‐resources and Ecology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China SZU-HKUST Joint PhD Program in Marine Environmental Science Shenzhen University Shenzhen China Guangzhou China The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology China

Nanoplastics pollution is a growing environmental problem worldwide. Recent research has demonstrated the toxic effects of nanoplastics on various marine organisms. However, the influences of nanoplastics on marine nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria, a critical nitrogen source in the ocean, remained unknown. Here, we report that nanoplastics exposure significantly reduced growth, photosynthetic, and nitrogen fixation rates of Crocosphaera watsonii (a major marine nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that nanoplastics might harm C. watsonii via downregulation of photosynthetic pathways and DNA damage repair genes, while genes for respiration, cell damage, nitrogen limitation, and iron (and phosphorus) scavenging were upregulated. The number and size of starch grains and electron-dense vacuoles increased significantly after nanoplastics exposure, suggesting that C. watsonii allocated more resources to storage instead of growth under stress. We propose that nanoplastics can damage the cell (e.g., DNA, cell membrane, and membrane-bound transporters), inhibit nitrogen and carbon fixation, and hence lead to nutrient limitation and impaired growth. Our findings suggest the possibility that nanoplastics pollution could reduce the new nitrogen input and hence affect the productivity in the ocean. The impact of nanoplastics on marine nitrogen fixation and productivity should be considered when predicting the ecosystem response and biogeochemical cycling in the changing ocean. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Nitrogen fixation

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Designing strategically functionalized conjugated microporous polymers with pyrene and perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride moieties with single-walled carbon nanotubes to enhance supercapacitive energy storage efficiency

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Journal of Power Sources 2024年 608卷

作者： Osama Mousa, Aya Sharma, Santosh U. Chaganti, Swetha V. Mansoure, Tharwat Hassan Singh, Poonam Nagendra Ejaz, Moshin Chuang, Cheng-Hsin Lee, Jyh-Tsung Kuo, Shiao-Wei Mohamed, Mohamed Gamal Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science College of Semiconductor and Advanced Technology Research Center of Crystal Research National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung804 Taiwan Institute of Medical Science and Technology College of Medicine National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung804201 Taiwan Department of Chemistry National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan International PhD Program for Science National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Assiut University Assiut71515 Egypt Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung807 Taiwan

We utilize straightforward and traditional Sonogashira coupling reactions to synthesize two conjugated microporous polymers linked with pyrene (referred to as PyT-PTCDA and PyT-PHTD CMPs) by combining the common precursor of 1,3,6,8-tetraethynylpyrene (PyT) with 1,7-dibromo-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA-Br2) and 3,6-dibromophenanthrene-9,10-dione (PHTD-Br2). Various analytical techniques, including spectroscopy and microscopy, are employed to characterize these two PyT-CMP materials. The PyT-PTCDA CMP exhibits notable thermal stability (with a decomposition temperature of 351 °C and a char yield of 61 wt %). We combine the PyT-PTCDA and PyT-PHTD CMPs with exceptionally conducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) through π-π stacking interactions between SWCNTs and PyT unit to improve their electrical conductivity and electrochemical performance. Electrochemical evaluations reveal that the PyT-PTCDA CMP/SWCNTs nanocomposite shows an impressive capacitance of 376 F g−1 (at 0.5 A g−1) in a three-electrode system. After undergoing 5000 cycles of charging and discharging, it maintained 98 % of its original capacitance while demonstrating an energy density of 52 Wh/kg. Additionally, in a symmetric coin cell system, the energy density is 17 Wh/kg and the capacitance is 119 F g−1 for PyT-PTCDA CMP/SWCNTs. This approach presents a promising avenue for developing high-performance supercapacitors by strategically blending PyT-CMPs with highly conductive SWCNTs. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Capacitance

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Capnesterones A and B, new steroids isolated from the soft coral Capnella imbricata

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Phytochemistry Letters 2024年 61卷 115-119页

作者： Cheng, Ting-Yu Yang, Chia-Jung Chen, Po-Jen Chen, Yu-Li Peng, Bo-Rong Kung, Te-An Wen, Zhi-Hong Lai, Kuei-Hung Chung, Hsu-Ming Department of Applied Chemistry National Pingtung University Pingtung 900393 Taiwan Clinical Immunology Laboratory Department of Medical Research E-Da Hospital I-Shou University Kaohsiung 824005 Taiwan Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Graduate Institute of Healthy Industry Technology College of Human Ecology Chang Gung University of Science and Technology Taoyuan 33305 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences Graduate Institute of Natural Products College of Medicine Chang Gung University Taoyuan 33305 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy College of Pharmacy Taipei Medical University Taipei 11031 Taiwan Institute of Food Safety Management National Pingtung University of Science and Technology Pingtung 91201 Taiwan Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung 804201 Taiwan Institute of BioPharmaceutical Sciences National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung 804201 Taiwan PhD Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine College of Pharmacy Taipei Medical University Taipei 11031 Taiwan Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei 11031 Taiwan

Two new non-withanolidal steroids with a cross-conjugated dienone structural unit in ring A, capnesterones A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the soft coral Capnella imbricata in the southeast waters of Taiwan. The compounds' structures were elucidated through a comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data, including IR, ESIMS, ¹H NMR, and ¹³C NMR, and through comparison with previous literature. At a concentration of 10 μM, steroids 1 and 2 exhibited reductions in iNOS levels (60 % and 82 %) compared to LPS-stimulated control cells, along with increased release (134 % and 110 %) against COX-2 protein expressions. © 2024 Phytochemical Society of Europe

关键词： Capnella imbricata COX-2 INOS Steroid

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AIE-based fluorescent sensing of ciprofloxacin using non-fluorescent 2D silver dimolybdate nanosheets: The synergistic sensor method (SGSM) to switch on non-fluorescent 2D nanosheets into an effective fluorescent biosensor

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Materials Today Chemistry 2024年 38卷

作者： Rana, Priyanka Dabur, Deepak Wu, Hui-Fen Department of Chemistry National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung 70 Lien-Hai Road Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan International PhD Program for Science National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan School of Pharmacy College of Pharmacy Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung807 Taiwan Institute of Medical Science and Technology National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan School of Medicine College of Medicine National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan Institute of Precision Medicine National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan Institute of BioPharmaceutical Science National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan

The development of an efficient method for detecting ciprofloxacin (CIP) is critical due to the potential for significant harm to humans, including the danger of severe liver damage and hematuria associated with increased levels of this drug. In this study, we offer a highly sensitive and highly selective method for fluorescence sensing of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin employing the properties of Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) with silver dimolybdate nanosheets (Ag2Mo2O7 NSs). Outstanding structural characteristics of the Ag2Mo2O7 NSs achieved using the hydrothermal method. By carefully controlling the aggregation of the Synergistic Sensor Method (SGSM), we are able to produce a very bright fluorescence response with the ciprofloxacin concentration range from 0 to 250 nM with a low detection limit of 1.1 nM. Quick and ultrasensitive detection has been achieved by the Synergistic effect (SGE) and AIE from the current approach. The SGSM has been shown to be a novel platform for human health monitoring and pharmaceutical quality control. With broad-ranging practical implications, the combination of AIE and silver dimolybdate nanosheets offers a platform for reliable and ciprofloxacin detection. We believe the SGSM is a role model paper for future nano-biosensor detection methods due to the synergistic effect resulting in the AIE and turn-on sensor approach for many non-fluorescent 2D nanosheets. This can open many new doors for the intensive development of 2D nanosheets for future fluorescent sensors without the need to produce fluorescence by the nanosheet itself. © 2024

关键词： Fluorescence

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An Ultrastable Tetrabenzonaphthalene-Linked conjugated microporous polymer functioning as a high-performance electrode for supercapacitors

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Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 2024年 158卷

作者： Samy, Maha Mohamed Mohamed, Mohamed Gamal Sharma, Santosh U Chaganti, Swetha V Lee, Jyh-Tsung Kuo, Shiao-Wei Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science College of Semiconductor and Advanced Technology Research Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung804 Taiwan Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Assiut University Assiut Egypt International PhD Program for Science National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan Department of Chemistry National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung807 Taiwan

Background: Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have been applied widely in several energy storage applications. Triphenylamine derivatives are good electrode materials that can be processed into SC devices because of their high charge mobilities, unique electronic properties, and high redox activity. Methods: We prepared two novel tetrabenzonaphthalene-linked conjugated microporous polymers (TBN-pH CMPs) through [4 + 2] and [4 + 3] Schiff-base condensations of 2,7,10,15-tetra(4-formylphenyl)tetrabenzonaphthalene (TBN-PhCHO) with tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)ethene (TPE-4NH2) and tris(4-aminophenyl)amine (TPA-3NH2), respectively. Fourier transform infrared, and solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy investigated the structures of the as-prepared CMPs. Significant Findings: These CMPs, had large surface areas and outstanding thermal stability at temperatures of up to 400 °C, making them suitable for use as electrodes in supercapacitor (SC) systems. Indeed, the TBN-TPA CMP–based electrode had high specific capacitances (251 F g − 1 measured at 0.5 A g–1) and capacity retentions (94%, measured after 5000 cycles at 10 A g–1) when tested in three-electrode systems. We attribute the remarkable electrochemical activity and conductivity of the TBN-TPA CMP electrode to its large specific surface area (230 m2 g–1) and chemical structure featuring stacking of the benzene rings of its redox-active triphenylamine moieties. © 2023 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers

关键词： Supercapacitor

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The ALMA-QUARKS Survey.Ⅱ.The ACA 1.3 mm Continuum Source Catalog and the Assembly of Dense Gas in Massive Star-Forming Clumps

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第6期24卷 119-139页

作者：许峰玮 Ke Wang Tie Liu Lei Zhu Guido Garay Xunchuan Liu Paul Goldsmith Qizhou Zhang Patricio Sanhueza Shengli Qin Jinhua He Mika Juvela Anandmayee Tej Hongli Liu Shanghuo Li Kaho Morii Siju Zhang Jianwen Zhou Amelia Stutz Neal JEvans Kee-Tae Kim Shengyuan Liu Diego Mardones Guangxing Li Leonardo Bronfman Ken’ichi Tatematsu Chang Won Lee Xing Lu Xiaofeng Mai Sihan Jiao James O.Chibueze Keyun Su Viktor L.Tóth Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Astronomy School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Departamento de Astronomía Universidad de ChileLas Condes7591245 SantiagoChile Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology4800 Oak Grove DrivePasadena CA 91109USA Center for Astrophysics|Harvard&Smithsonian 60 Garden StreetCambridgeMA 02138USA National Astronomical Observatory of Japan National Institutes of Natural Sciences2-21-1 OsawaMitakaTokyo 181-8588Japan Astronomical Science Program The Graduate University for Advanced StudiesSOKENDAI2-21-1 OsawaMitakaTokyo 181-8588Japan School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Yunnan Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650216China Department of Physics University of HelsinkiPO Box 64FI-00014 HelsinkiFinland Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram 695547KeralaIndia Max Planck Institute for Astronomy Königstuhl 17D-69117 HeidelbergGermany Department of Astronomy Graduate School of ScienceThe University of Tokyo7-3-1 HongoBunkyo-kuTokyo 113-0033Japan Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 6953121 BonnGermany Departamento de AstronomÂıa Universidad de ConcepcionCasilla 160-CConcepci onChile Department of Astronomy The University of Texas at AustinTexas 78712-1205USA Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute 776 Daedeokdae-roYuseong-guDaejeon 34055Republic of Korea Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia SinicaRoosevelt RoadTaipei 10617TaiwanChina South-Western Institute for Astronomy Research Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute 776 Daedeok-daeroYuseong-guDaejeon 34055Republic of

Leveraging the high resolution,sensitivity,and wide frequency coverage of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array(ALMA),the QUARKS survey,standing for“Querying Underlying mechanisms of massive star formation with ALMA-Resolved gas Kinematics and Structures”,is observing 139 massive starforming clumps at ALMA Band 6(λ~1.3 mm).This paper introduces the Atacama Compact Array(ACA)7 m data of the QUARKS survey,describing the ACA observations and data *** multiwavelength data,we provide the first edition of QUARKS atlas,offering insights into the multiscale and multiphase interstellar medium in high-mass star *** ACA 1.3 mm catalog includes 207 continuum sources that are called ACA *** gas kinetic temperatures are estimated using three formaldehyde transitions with a non-LTE radiation transfer model,and the mass and density are derived from a dust emission *** ACA sources are massive(16–84 percentile values of 6–160 M_(⊙)),gravity-dominated(M∝R^(1.1))fragments within massive clumps,with supersonic turbulence(M>1)and embedded star-forming *** find a linear correlation between the masses of the fragments and the massive clumps,with a ratio of 6%between the *** considering fragments as representative of dense gas,the ratio indicates a dense gas fraction(DGF)of 6%,although with a wide scatter ranging from 1%to 10%.If we consider the QUARKS massive clumps to be what is observed at various scales,then the size-independent DGF indicates a self-similar fragmentation or collapsing mode in protocluster *** the ACA data over four orders of magnitude of luminosity-to-mass ratio(L/M),we find that the DGF increases significantly with L/M,which indicates clump evolutionary *** observed a limited fragmentation at the subclump scale,which can be explained by a dynamic global collapse process.

关键词： stars:formation ISM:kinematics and dynamics ISM:clouds stars:protostars

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