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arXiv 2024年

作者： Tang, Yilin Sripathy, Kabilan Qin, Hao Lu, Zhuoyuan Guccione, Giovanni Janousek, Jiri Zhu, Yi Hasan, Md Mehedi Iwasa, Yoshihiro Lam, Ping Koy Lu, Yuerui School of Engineering College of Engineering Computing and Cybernetics The Australian National University CanberraACT2601 Australia ARC Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology The Australian National University CanberraACT2601 Australia Research School of Physics College of Science The Australian National University CanberraACT2601 Australia Department of Computer Engineering TUM School of Computation Information and Technology Technical University of Munich Munich80333 Germany Clarendon Laboratory University of Oxford OxfordOX1 3PU United Kingdom RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science Hirosawa 2-1 Wako Saitama351-0198 Japan 2 Fusionopolis Way Innovis #08-03 Singapore138634 Singapore

Quasi-phase matching (QPM) is a technique extensively utilized in nonlinear optics for enhancing the efficiency and stability of frequency conversion processes. However, the conventional QPM relies on periodically poled ferroelectric crystals, which are limited in availability. The 3R phase of molybdenum disulfide (3R-MoS2), a transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDc) with the broken inversion symmetry, stands out as a promising candidate for QPM, enabling efficient nonlinear process. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the QPM at nanoscale, utilizing van der Waals stacking of 3R-MoS2 layers with specific orientation to realize second harmonic generation (SHG) enhancement beyond the non QPM limit. We have also demonstrated enhanced spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) via QPM of 3R-MoS2 homo-structure, enabling more efficient generation of entangled photon pairs. The tunable capacity of 3R-MoS2 van der Waals stacking provides a platform for tuning phase-matching condition. This technique opens interesting possibilities for potential applications in nonlinear process and quantum technology. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Van der Waals forces

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Liquid Metal-Exfoliated SnO2-Based Mixed-dimensional Heterostructures for Visible-to-Near-Infrared Photodetection

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Nath, Shimul Kanti Syed, Nitu Pan, Wenwu Yu, Yang Liu, Dawei Nielsen, Michael P. Yuwono, Jodie Kumar, Priyank Zhu, Yan Cortie, David L. Nguyen, Chung K. Fu, Lan Roberts, Ann Faraone, Lorenzo Ekins-Daukes, Nicholas J. Lei, Wen KensingtonNSW2052 Australia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway PerthWA6009 Australia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems School of Physics University of Melbourne VIC3010 Australia School of Engineering RMIT University MelbourneVIC3001 Australia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems Department of Electronic Materials Engineering Research School of Physics The Australian National University CanberraACT2601 Australia Institute of Applied Physics Abbe Center of Photonics Friedrich Schiller University Jena Albert-Einstein-Straße 15 Jena07745 Germany School of Chemical Engineering The University of Adelaide AdelaideSA5005 Australia KensingtonNSW2052 Australia Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Lucas HeightsNSW2234 Australia

Ultra-thin two-dimensional (2D) materials have gained significant attention for making next-generation optoelectronic devices. Here, we report a large-area heterojunction photodetector fabricated using a liquid metal-printed 2D SnO2 layer transferred onto CdTe thin films. The resulting device demonstrates efficient broadband light sensing from visible to near-infrared wavelengths, with enhanced detectivity and faster photo response than bare CdTe photodetectors. Significantly, the device shows a nearly 105-fold increase in current than the dark current level when illuminated with a 780 nm laser and achieves a specific detectivity of around 1012 Jones, nearly two orders of magnitude higher than a device with pure CdTe thin film. Additionally, temperature-dependent optoelectronic testing shows that the device maintains a stable response up to 140 °C and generates distinctive photocurrent at temperatures up to 80°C, demonstrating its thermal stability. Using band structure analysis, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and photocurrent mapping, the formation of a p-n junction is indicated, contributing to the enhanced photo response attributed to the efficient carrier separation by the built-in potential in the hetero-junction and the superior electron mobility of 2D SnO2. Our results highlight the effectiveness of integrating liquid metal-exfoliated 2D materials for enhanced photodetector performance. © 2025, CC BY.

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Learning Task-Specific Sampling Strategy for Sparse-View CT Reconstruction

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Yang, Liutao Huang, Jiahao Fang, Yingying Aviles-Rivero, Angelica I. Schönlieb, Carola-Bibiane Zhang, Daoqiang Yang, Guang The College of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics China The Bioengineering Department and Imperial-X Imperial College London United Kingdom National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London United Kingdom National Heart Cardiovascular Research Centre Royal Brompton Hospital London United Kingdom School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences King’s College London United Kingdom The Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics University of Cambridge United Kingdom

Sparse-View Computed Tomography (SVCT) offers low-dose and fast imaging but suffers from severe artifacts. Optimizing the sampling strategy is an essential approach to improving the imaging quality of SVCT. However, current methods typically optimize a universal sampling strategy for all types of scans, overlooking the fact that the optimal strategy may vary depending on the specific scanning task, whether it involves particular body scans (e.g., chest CT scans) or downstream clinical applications (e.g., disease diagnosis). The optimal strategy for one scanning task may not perform as well when applied to other tasks. To address this problem, we propose a deep learning framework that learns task-specific sampling strategies with a multi-task approach to train a unified reconstruction network while tailoring optimal sampling strategies for each individual task. Thus, a task-specific sampling strategy can be applied for each type of scans to improve the quality of SVCT imaging and further assist in performance of downstream clinical usage. Extensive experiments across different scanning types provide validation for the effectiveness of task-specific sampling strategies in enhancing imaging quality. Experiments involving downstream tasks verify the clinical value of learned sampling strategies, as evidenced by notable improvements in downstream task performance. Furthermore, the utilization of a multi-task framework with a shared reconstruction network facilitates deployment on current imaging devices with switchable task-specific modules, and allows for easily integrate new tasks without retraining the entire model. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： computerized tomography

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Shallow quantum circuits for efficient preparation of Slater determinants and correlated states on a quantum computer

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Physical Review A 2023年第2期108卷 022416-022416页

作者： Chong Hian Chee Daniel Leykam Adrian M. Mak Dimitris G. Angelakis Centre for Quantum Technologies National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 2 Singapore 117543 Institute of High Performance Computing Agency for Science Technology & Research (A*STAR) 1 Fusionopolis Way 16-16 Connexis Singapore 138632 School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technical University of Crete 73100 Chania Greece AngelQ Quantum Computing 531A Upper Cross Street 04-95 Hong Lim Complex Singapore 051531

Fermionic Ansatz state preparation is a critical subroutine in many quantum algorithms such as the variational quantum eigensolver for quantum chemistry and condensed-matter applications. The shallowest circuit depth needed to prepare Slater determinants and correlated states to date scales at least linearly with respect to the system size N. Inspired by data-loading circuits developed for quantum machine learning, we propose an alternate paradigm that provides shallower, yet scalable, O(dlog22N) two-qubit gate-depth circuits to prepare such states with d fermions, offering a subexponential reduction in N over existing approaches in second quantization, enabling high-accuracy studies of d≪O(N/log22N) fermionic systems with larger basis sets on near-term quantum devices.

关键词： Quantum algorithms for chemical calculations

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Enabling and Scaling the HPCG Benchmark on the Newest Generation Sunway Supercomputer with 42 Million Heterogeneous Cores

Enabling and Scaling the HPCG Benchmark on the Newest Genera...

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Supercomputing Conference

作者： Qianchao Zhu Hao Luo Chao Yang Mingshuo Ding Wanwang Yin Xinhui Yuan Center for Data Science Peking University Beijing China School of Mathematical Sciences Peking University Beijing China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Analysis and Applications Peking University Beijing China School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Peking University Beijing China National Research Center of Parallel Computer Engineering & Technology Beijing China

ISBN: (数字)9781450384421

ISBN: (纸本)9781665483902

We study and evaluate performance optimization techniques for the HPCG benchmark on the newest generation Sunway super-computer. Specifically, a two-level blocking scheme is proposed to expose adequate parallelism in the symmetric Gauss-Seidel kernel while keeping a fast convergence rate, a fine-grained kernel fusion technique is developed to alleviate the bandwidth load on local storage with small capacity, and a low overhead thread collaboration method is presented to efficiently move data between threads and hide its cost with data transfer operations. Test results show that the optimized HPCG code is able to exploit 73.0% of the theoretical memory bandwidth, and scale to over 42 million heterogeneous cores with 95.5% weak-scaling efficiency and 5.91 Pflop/s performance. We also study how the performance can be improved if the specific rules of HPCG are not fully obeyed, and design dependency preserving parallelization and vectorization methods, further boosting performance to 27.6 Pflop/ s.

关键词： Instruction sets High performance computing Memory management Bandwidth Benchmark testing parallel processing Data transfer

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Brain computed tomography reading of stroke patients by resident doctors from different medical specialities: An eye-tracking study

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Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 2023年 117卷 173-180页

作者： Liu, Chi-Hung Chang, Chun-Wei Hung, June Lin, John J.H. Sung, Pi-Shan Lee, Li-Ang Hsiao, Cheng-Ting Chao, Yi-Ping Huang, Elaine Shinwei Wang, Shu-Ling Department of Neurology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center Taoyuan Taiwan School of Medicine College of Medicine Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan Division of Medical Education Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences College of Medicine Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan Institute of Health Policy and Management College of Public Health National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Graduate Institute of Science Education National Taiwan Normal University Taipei City Taiwan Department of Neurology National Cheng Kung University Hospital College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Main Branch Taoyuan Taiwan Institute of Brain Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan Department of Emergency Medicine Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Taiwan Chang Gung Medical Education Research Centre Taoyuan Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan Graduate Institute of Digital Learning and Education National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taiwan

Background: Using the eye-tracking technique, our work aimed to examine whether difference in clinical background may affect the training outcome of resident doctors’ interpretation skills and reading behaviour related to brain computed tomography (CT). Methods: Twelve resident doctors in the neurology, radiology, and emergency departments were recruited. Each participant had to read CT images of the brain for two cases. We evaluated each participant's accuracy of lesion identification. We also used the eye-tracking technique to assess reading behaviour. We recorded dwell times, fixation counts, run counts, and first-run dwell times of target lesions to evaluate visual attention. Transition entropy was applied to assess the temporal relations and spatial dynamics of systematic image reading. Results: The eye-tracking results showed that the image reading sequence examined by transition entropy was comparable among resident doctors from different medical specialties (p = 0.82). However, the dwell time of the target lesions was shorter for the resident doctors from the neurology department (4828.63 ms, p = 0.01) than for those from the resident doctors from the radiology (6275.88 ms) and emergency (5305.00 ms) departments. The eye-tracking results in individual areas of interest only showed differences in the eye-tracking performance of the first-run dwell time (p = 0.05) in the anterior cerebral falx. Discussion: Our findings demonstrate that resident doctors from different medical specialties may achieve similar imaging reading patterns for brain CT. This may mitigate queries regarding the influence of different backgrounds on training outcomes. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Emergency department Eye-tracking Image reading behaviour Neurology Radiology

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Wearable High-Performance MWCNTs/PDMS Nanocomposite based Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Haptic Applications

IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics

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IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics 2024年第9期3卷 1-1页

作者： Nuthalapati, Suresh Chakraborthy, Aniket Arief, Injamamul Meena, Kamal Kumar Ruthvik, K. Rakesh Kumar, R. Uday Kumar, K. Das, Amit Ercan Altinsoy, M Nag, Anindya 6G-life Research Hub Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany Centre for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop (CeTI) Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V. Dresden Germany Department of Physics Energy Materials and Devices Lab National Institute of Technology Warangal Hanumakonda Telangana India

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are fast emerging as promising and potential energy harvesters. However, the performance of the polymer-based TENGs needs to be enhanced for haptic and wearable applications. In this work, we have designed and developed polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) based TENG for haptic applications. The unique electrical properties of the human body, which make it a suitable triboelectric material, were a critical factor in our design. The incorporation of MWCNTs enhanced the electrical properties of the nanocomposite, thereby increasing the performance of the TENG. To demonstrate the performance of the TENG under variable contact tapping forces and frequencies, the as-fabricated films were tested in vertical contact separation and single electrode modes. The TENG exhibited an open circuit output voltage of ~249 V, a short circuit current of ~28.03 μA, and a power density of 2.81 W/m2 at a matching load of 5.5 MΩ. The TENG exhibited an excellent, stable electrical performance for haptic applications. The TENG’s excellent performance was validated by the illumination of 30 blue and 120 red LEDs. Additionally, it was employed to power portable electronic devices. Therefore, these flexible and wearable TENGs with high performance are highly desirable for haptic applications. IEEE

关键词： Polydimethylsiloxane

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Unveiling the Capabilities of Latent Diffusion Models for Classification of Lung Diseases in Chest X-Rays 22

Unveiling the Capabilities of Latent Diffusion Models for Cl...

引用

22nd IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging, ISBI 2025

作者： Ning, Junzhi Xing, Xiaodan Zhang, Sheng Ma, Xiao Yang, Guang Department of Computing School of Engineering Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ United Kingdom Bioengineering Department and Imperial-X Imperial College London London W12 7SL United Kingdom National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ United Kingdom School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China Cardiovascular Research Centre Royal Brompton Hospital London SW3 6NP United Kingdom School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences King's College London WC2R 2LS United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520526

Diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable ability in synthesizing chest X-ray (CXR) images, particularly by generating high-quality samples to address the scarcity and imbalance of annotated CXR datasets. While these models excel in generating realistic samples-suggesting that they contain rich discriminative information effectively harnessing this capability for disease classification and decomposition remains a challenge. This study investigates an approach that leverages latent conditional diffusion models, which are conditioned on corresponding radiology reports, for lung disease classification in CXRs. Specifically, we employ a pre-trained latent conditional diffusion model for CXRs to predict noise estimates for a noisy input lung CXR under various disease conditions. By comparing the noise estimation errors associated with different class prompts, we determine the most probable disease classification based on the minimal error. Through the experiments, we demonstrate that the CXR diffusion-based classifier not only achieves zero-shot classification performance comparable to existing models but also reveals lesion regions aligning with ground truth lesion areas in CXRs. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： CXRs Lung Disease Classification Diffusion Classifier Latent Diffusion Model

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Synthetic frequency dimension state coupling in modulated LNOI ring cavity devices

Synthetic frequency dimension state coupling in modulated LN...

引用

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Armandas Balčytis Xuan Hiep Dinh Tomoki Ozawa Yasutomo Ota Toshihiko Baba Satoshi Iwamoto Arnan Mitchell Thach G. Nguyen Integrated Photonics and Applications Centre RMIT University Melbourne VIC Australia Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University Sendai Japan Department of Applied Physics and Physico-Informatics Keio University Yokohama Japan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Yokohama National University Hodogaya-ku Yokohama Japan Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology The University of Tokyo Meguro-ku Tokyo Japan

We created a modulator-equipped thin-film lithium niobate integrated ring resonator simulating a synthetic frequency dimension tight-binding model. It produces frequency states spaced over a 600 GHz bandwidth. Reconfi... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Electron beam lithography Frequency combs Frequency modulation Lithium niobate Ring resonators Waveguide modulators

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Approximate reconstructability of quantum states and noisy quantum secret sharing schemes

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Physical Review A 2023年第1期108卷 012425-012425页

作者： Yingkai Ouyang Kaumudibikash Goswami Jacquiline Romero Barry C. Sanders Min-Hsiu Hsieh Marco Tomamichel Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7RH United Kingdom Centre for Quantum Technologies National University of Singapore Singapore 117543 Singapore School of Mathematics and Physics University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia Raman Research Institute Sadashivanagar Bengaluru Karnataka 560080 India Institute for Quantum Science and Technology University of Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada Hon Hai (Foxconn) Research Institute Taipei Taiwan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117583 Singapore

We introduce and analyze approximate quantum secret sharing in a formal cryptographic setting, wherein a dealer encodes and distributes a quantum secret to players such that authorized structures (sets of subsets of players) can approximately reconstruct the quantum secret and omnipotent adversarial agents controlling nonauthorized subsets of players are approximately denied the quantum secret. In particular, viewing the map encoding the quantum secret shares for players in an authorized structure as a quantum channel, we show that approximate reconstructability of the quantum secret by these players is possible if and only if the information leakage, given in terms of a certain entanglement-assisted capacity of the complementary quantum channel to the players outside the structure and the environment, is small.

关键词： Quantum channels Quantum cryptography Quantum error correction Quantum information theory Quantum protocols

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