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Towards realistic simulations of human cough: effect of droplet emission duration and spread angle

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Li, Mogeng Chong, Kai Leong Ng, Chong Shen Bahl, Prateek de Silva, Charitha M. Verzicco, Roberto Doolan, Con MacIntyre, C. Raina Lohse, Detlef Physics of Fluids Group Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics J. M. Burgers Center for Fluid Dynamics and MESA+ Research Institute Department of Science and Technology University of Twente Enschede7500AE Netherlands Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organisation Göttingen37077 Germany Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics School of Mechanics and Engineering Science Shanghai University Shanghai200072 China School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering UNSW Sydney KensingtonNSW2052 Australia Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale University of Rome 'Tor Vergata' Roma00133 Italy Gran Sasso Science Institute Viale F. Crispi L'Aquila7 67100 Italy Biosecurity Program The Kirby Institute UNSW Sydney KensingtonNSW2052 Australia College of Public Service & Community Solutions College of Health Solutions Arizona State University PhoenixAZ United States

Human respiratory events, such as coughing and sneezing, play an important role in the host-to-host airborne transmission of diseases. Thus, there has been a substantial effort in understanding these processes: various analytical or numerical models have been developed to describe them, but their validity has not been fully assessed due to the difficulty of a direct comparison with real human exhalations. In this study, we report a unique comparison between datasets that have both detailed measurements of a real human cough using spirometer and particle tracking velocimetry, and direct numerical simulation at similar conditions. By examining the experimental data, we find that the injection velocity at the mouth is not uni-directional. Instead, the droplets are injected into various directions, with their trajectories forming a cone shape in space. Furthermore, we find that the period of droplet emissions is much shorter than that of the cough: experimental results indicate that the droplets with an initial diameter 10µm are emitted within the first 0.05 s, whereas the cough duration is closer to 1 s. These two features (the spread in the direction of injection velocity and the short duration of droplet emission) are incorporated into our direct numerical simulation, leading to an improved agreement with the experimental measurements. Thus, to have accurate representations of human expulsions in respiratory models, it is imperative to include parametrisation of these two features. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： COVID-19

Development of a do-it-yourself (D.I.Y.) gel electrophoresis apparatus for Grade-12 STEM general biology students

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Journal of physics: Conference Series 2021年第1期1835卷

作者： Janne Noelle L. Gamale Dharel P. Acut Karla Marie Frances P. Niere Gwen Stephany S. Silagan Ethel P. Curaraton Guadalupe C. Latonio Rhett Anthony C. Latonio Joy R. Magsayo High School Department Sotero B. Cabahug FORUM for Literacy Consolacion Cebu 6001 Philippines Applied Physics Program National Institute of Physics College of Science University of the Philippines – Diliman Roxas Ave. Diliman Quezon City 1101 Philippines Science Education Program Graduate School College of Teacher Education Cebu Normal University Osmeña Blvd. Cebu City Cebu 6000 Philippines Department of Science and Mathematics Education College of Education Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of Technology Iligan City 9200 Philippines

A hurdle to effective science education in schools is often the lack of teaching materials. Teaching science education in the 21st century requires direct visualization and manipulation with effective use and implementation for meaningful learning to occur, thus, unleashing students' potential towards the lesson, boosting their engagement in learning, and applying the knowledge into skills. This study was carried out to develop a do-it-yourself gel electrophoresis apparatus. This study was conducted in Cebu Normal University, Philippines with nineteen (19) teachers from the Methods of Teaching Science and Instructional Trends and Issues Class who evaluated the apparatus in terms of usability and functionality. The respondents tested the Gel Electrophoresis apparatus by conducting the experiment and they evaluated the apparatus' functionality and usability by using an evaluation sheet which is composed of eleven (11) usability questions, four (4) functionality questions. Suggestions were also asked to improve the said apparatus. After gathering data, the suggestions made by the respondents were incorporated which resulted to the improved D.I.Y. Gel Electrophoresis Apparatus. A manual with the procedures was also designed to further guide students and teachers on how to build the apparatus. With the findings and results obtained in the study, the respondents recommended the usage of the developed do-it-yourself gel electrophoresis apparatus in their respective classes and agreed that it is a good source of learning the concept of gel electrophoresis as a 21st century biological technique. The apparatus was easy to set-up and is of low-cost. During experimentation, the apparatus yielded with a positive result – the separation of food dyes which follows the principle of gel electrophoresis. Moreover, the experiment encourages creativity and it helps with the understanding of the nature of DNA and the concept of gel electrophoresis as a 21st century biological skills.

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Implementation of a selective mean filter algorithm to reduce noise in computed radiography images

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2021年第1期2346卷

作者： J. H. Saragih C. Anam W. S. Budi T. I. Simarmata G. Dougherty 1Postgraduate Program Department of Physics Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics Diponegoro University Jl. Prof. Soedarto SH Tembalang Semarang 50275 Central Java Indonesia 2Department of Physics Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics Diponegoro University Jl. Prof. Soedarto SH Tembalang Semarang 50275 Central Java Indonesia 3Department of Radiology Premier Jatinegara Hospital Jl. Jatinegara Timur No. 85-87 Jatinegara Kota Jakarta Timur 13310 DKI Jakarta Indonesia 4Department of Applied Physics and Medical Imaging California State University Channel Islands Camarillo CA 93012 USA

This study implements a selective mean filter (SMF) and determines its effectiveness on computed radiography (CR) images. A phantom of the Kualitas Citra Imajing (KUCING) was used. The effectiveness of the SMF was compared to the adaptive mean filter (AMF). The assessment of image quality was based on several parameters, such as the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), mean squared error (MSE), structural similarity index (SSIM), contrast consistency (CV), contrast linearity (CL), and modulation transfer function (MTF). The results show that the PSNR value generated by the SMF is higher than with the AMF. The MSE value generated by the SMF algorithm is lower than AMF. The SSIM values showed that SMF algorithm produces a better image similarity between the original image and the filtered image compared to the AMF algorithm. In consistency and linearity, the AMF leads to significant changes from the original image, while the SMF image is closer to the original image. The 10% MTF generated by the SMF is the same as the original image, while AMF produces a significant decrease in the 10% MTF. The SMF took 17.9 ± 0.7 seconds for denoising one CR image, while AMF took 519 ± 5 seconds. SMF decreases image noise without a significant effect on the spatial resolution of the image. SMF filtering is superior to AMF filtering in terms of spatial resolution and a shorter computational time.

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Low frequency non-resonant rectification in spin-diodes

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Tomasello, R. Fang, B. Artemchuk, P. Carpentieri, M. Fasano, L. Giordano, A. Prokopenko, O.V. Zeng, Z.M. Finocchio, G. Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics FORTH Heraklion-CreteGR-70013 Greece Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics CAS Suzhou Jiangsu215123 China Faculty of RadioPhysics Electronics and Computer Systems Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Kyiv01601 Ukraine Department of Physics Oakland University RochesterMI48309 United States Department of Electrical and Information Engineering Politecnico of Bari via Orabona 4 Bari70125 Italy Italy Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences University of Messina MessinaI-98166 Italy

Spin-diodes are usually resonant in nature (GHz frequency) and tuneable by magnetic field and bias current with performances, in terms of sensitivity and minimum detectable power, overcoming the semiconductor counterpart, i.e. Schottky diodes. Recently, spin diodes characterized by a low frequency detection (MHz frequency) have been proposed. Here, we show a strategy to design low frequency detectors based on magnetic tunnel junctions having the interfacial perpendicular anisotropy of the same order of the demagnetizing field out-of-plane component. Micromagnetic calculations show that to reach this detection regime a threshold input power has to be overcome and the phase shift between the oscillation magnetoresistive signal and the input radiofrequency current plays the key role in determining the value of the rectification voltage. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Schottky barrier diodes

Assessment of Gamma and Neutron Dose of Optimizing the Radiation Protection in TRIGA 2000 BATAN Bandung.

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Journal of physics: Conference Series 2020年第1期1493卷

作者： Rakotovao Lovanantenaina Oméga Sidik Permana Rini Heroe Oetami Rasito Master Program of Physics Department Nuclear Physics laboratory Physics Department Faculty of Mathematics and natural science Bandung Institute of Technology Jalan Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia Center for Science and Applied Nuclear Technology National Nuclear Energy Agency Jl. Tamansari 71 Bandung

The TRIGA 2000 reactor is a nuclear installation which is operated at 1000 kW. Gamma and neutron radiation exposure will contribute to occupational doses that will be received by operators and other radiation workers. To maintain the safety of radiation workers, assessment of gamma and neutron radiation is needed in the TRIGA 2000 reactor. survey in the hall reactor using the RTD 30 and RadEye NL detectors. In addition to the direct measurement, calculations are also carried out with simulation data dose using Monte Carlo MCNPX for the calculation and followed by PHITS to get the graphical dose distribution of gamma and neutron. The study will focus on the assessment of the diffusion Gamma and neutron doses by doing the measurement and simulation data collect for the aim of the optimization of the Radiation protection policy in the reactor TRIGA 2000 Bandung. The result of the measurement is shown with graph in different power taken during the measurement and the simulation is the graphical distribution dose of gamma and neutron using PHITS code. A preventive dose reduction technique, worker and publics protection elaborate to optimise the Radiation protection program.

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The Event Horizon Telescope Image of the Quasar NRAO 530

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Astrophysical Journal 2023年第2期943卷 170-170页

作者： Jorstad, Svetlana Wielgus, Maciek Lico, Rocco Issaoun, Sara Broderick, Avery E. Pesce, Dominic W. Liu, Jun Zhao, Guang-Yao Krichbaum, Thomas P. Blackburn, Lindy Chan, Chi-Kwan Janssen, Michael Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh Akiyama, Kazunori Alberdi, Antxon Algaba, Juan Carlos Bouman, Katherine L. Cho, Ilje Fuentes, Antonio Gómez, José L. Gurwell, Mark Johnson, Michael D. Kim, Jae-Young Lu, Ru-Sen Martí-Vidal, Iván Moscibrodzka, Monika Pötzl, Felix M. Traianou, Efthalia van Bemmel, Ilse Alef, Walter Anantua, Richard Asada, Keiichi Azulay, Rebecca Bach, Uwe Baczko, Anne-Kathrin Ball, David Baloković, Mislav Barrett, John Bauböck, Michi Benson, Bradford A. Bintley, Dan Blundell, Raymond Bower, Geoffrey C. Boyce, Hope Bremer, Michael Brinkerink, Christiaan D. Brissenden, Roger Britzen, Silke Broguiere, Dominique Bronzwaer, Thomas Bustamante, Sandra Byun, Do-Young Carlstrom, John E. Ceccobello, Chiara Chael, Andrew Chatterjee, Koushik Chatterjee, Shami Chen, Ming-Tang Chen, Yongjun Cheng, Xiaopeng Christian, Pierre Conroy, Nicholas S. Conway, John E. Cordes, James M. Crawford, Thomas M. Crew, Geoffrey B. Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro Cui, Yuzhu Davelaar, Jordy De Laurentis, Mariafelicia Deane, Roger Dempsey, Jessica Desvignes, Gregory Dexter, Jason Dhruv, Vedant Doeleman, Sheperd S. Dougal, Sean Dzib, Sergio A. Eatough, Ralph P. Emami, Razieh Falcke, Heino Farah, Joseph Fish, Vincent L. Fomalont, Ed Ford, H. Alyson Fraga-Encinas, Raquel Freeman, William T. Friberg, Per Fromm, Christian M. Galison, Peter Gammie, Charles F. García, Roberto Gentaz, Olivier Georgiev, Boris Goddi, Ciriaco Gold, Roman Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I. Gu, Minfeng Hada, Kazuhiro Haggard, Daryl Haworth, Kari Hecht, Michael H. Hesper, Ronald Heumann, Dirk Ho, Luis C. Ho, Paul Honma, Mareki Huang, Chih-Wei L. Huang, Lei Hughes, David H. Ikeda, Shiro Impellizzeri, C.M. Violette Inoue, Makoto James, David J. Jannuzi, Buell T. Jeter, Britton Jiang, Wu Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra Joshi, Abhishek V. Jung, Taehyun Karami, Mansour Karuppusamy, Ramesh Kawashima, Tomohisa Keati Institute for Astrophysical Research Boston University 725 Commonwealth Avenue Boston 02215 MA United States Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 Bonn D-53121 Germany Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n Granada E-18008 Spain INAF-Istituto di Radioastronomia Via P. Gobetti 101 Bologna I-40129 Italy Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street Cambridge 02138 MA United States NASA Hubble Fellowship Program Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics 31 Caroline Street North Waterloo N2L 2Y5 ON Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West Waterloo N2L 3G1 ON Canada Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics University of Waterloo Waterloo N2L 3G1 ON Canada Harvard University 20 Garden Street Cambridge 02138 MA United States Steward Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Arizona 933 N. Cherry Avenue Tucson 85721 AZ United States Data Science Institute University of Arizona 1230 N. Cherry Avenue Tucson 85721 AZ United States Program in Applied Mathematics University of Arizona 617 N. Santa Rita Tucson 85721 AZ United States Astronomy Department Universidad de Concepción Casilla 160-C Concepción Chile Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO University of Turku FI-20014 Finland Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory Metsähovintie 114 Kylmälä FI-02540 Finland Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory 99 Millstone Road Westford 01886 MA United States National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Department of Physics Faculty of Science Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia California Institute of Technology 1200 East California Boulevard Pasadena 91125 CA United States Department of Astronomy and Atmospheric Sciences Kyungpook National University Daegu 702-701 South Korea Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences 80

We report on the observations of the quasar NRAO 530 with the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) on 2017 April 5−7, when NRAO 530 was used as a calibrator for the EHT observations of Sagittarius A*. At z = 0.902, this is the most distant object imaged by the EHT so far. We reconstruct the first images of the source at 230 GHz, at an unprecedented angular resolution of ∼20 μas, both in total intensity and in linear polarization (LP). We do not detect source variability, allowing us to represent the whole data set with static images. The images reveal a bright feature located on the southern end of the jet, which we associate with the core. The feature is linearly polarized, with a fractional polarization of ∼5%-8%, and it has a substructure consisting of two components. Their observed brightness temperature suggests that the energy density of the jet is dominated by the magnetic field. The jet extends over 60 μas along a position angle ∼ −28°. It includes two features with orthogonal directions of polarization (electric vector position angle), parallel and perpendicular to the jet axis, consistent with a helical structure of the magnetic field in the jet. The outermost feature has a particularly high degree of LP, suggestive of a nearly uniform magnetic field. Future EHT observations will probe the variability of the jet structure on microarcsecond scales, while simultaneous multiwavelength monitoring will provide insight into the high-energy emission origin. © 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

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How SGD selects the global minima in over-parameterized learning: a dynamical stability perspective 18

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How SGD selects the global minima in over-parameterized lear...

Proceedings of the 32nd International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems

作者： Lei Wu Chao Ma Weinan E. School of Mathematical Sciences Peking University Beijing P.R. China Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University Princeton NJ Department of Mathematics and Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University Princeton NJ and Beijing Institute of Big Data Research Beijing P.R. China

The question of which global minima are accessible by a stochastic gradient decent (SGD) algorithm with specific learning rate and batch size is studied from the perspective of dynamical stability. The concept of non-uniformity is introduced, which, together with sharpness, characterizes the stability property of a global minimum and hence the accessibility of a particular SGD algorithm to that global minimum. In particular, this analysis shows that learning rate and batch size play different roles in minima selection. Extensive empirical results seem to correlate well with the theoretical findings and provide further support to these claims.

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Stochastic conformal multi-symplectic method for damped stochastic nonlinear Schrödinger equation

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Chen, Chuchu Hong, Jialin Ji, Lihai Department of Mathematics Michigan State University Institute of Computational Mathematics and Scientific/Engineering Computing Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing100094 China

In this paper, we propose a stochastic conformal multi-symplectic method for a class of damped stochastic Hamiltonian partial differential equations in order to inherit the intrinsic properties, and apply the numerical method to solve a kind of damped stochastic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with multiplicative noise. It is shown that the stochastic conformal multi-symplectic method preserves the discrete stochastic conformal multi-symplectic conservation law, the discrete charge exponential dissipation law almost surely, and we also deduce the recurrence relation of the discrete global energy. Numerical experiments are preformed to verify the good performance of the proposed stochastic conformal multi-symplectic method, compared with a Crank-Nicolson type method. Finally, we present the mean square convergence result of the proposed numerical method in temporal direction numerically.60H15, 37K05, 65P10 Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stochastic systems

Demographics of black holes at g scales: accretion flows, jets, and shadows

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Nair, Dhanya G. Nagar, Neil M. Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh Wielgus, Maciek Arratia, Vicente Krichbaum, Thomas P. Zhang, Xinyue A. Ricarte, Angelo Silpa, S. Hernández-Yévenes, Joaquín Ford, Nicole M. Bandyopadhyay, Bidisha Gurwell, Mark Burridge, Roman Pesce, Dominic W. Doeleman, Sheperd S. Kim, Jae-Young Kim, Daewon Janssen, Michael von Fellenberg, Sebastiano D. Fromm, Christian M. Lee, Deokhyeong Falcke, Heino Wagner, Jan Bower, Geoffrey C. Baczko, Anne-Kathrin Kim, Dong-Jin Akiyama, Kazunori Asada, Keiichi Arevalo, Patricia Bignall, Hayley Blackburn, Lindy Broderick, Avery E. Brunthaler, Andreas Chan, Chi-Kwan Doi, Akihiro Fish, Vincent L. Fomalont, Edward Gómez, José L. Haggard, Daryl Hada, Kazuhiro Herrera-Camus, Rodrigo Hoak, Daniel Hughes, David Hlavacek-Larrondo, Julie Jorstad, Svetlana Johnson, Michael D. Kawashima, Tomohisa Keating, Garrett K. Kharb, Preeti Koay, Jun Yi Koyama, Shoko Kuo, Cheng-Yu Leigh, Nathan W.C. Lira, Paulina Lindqvist, Michael Lobanov, Andrei P. Lo, Wen-Ping Lu, Ru-Sen Markoff, Sera MacDonald, Nicholas R. Martínez-Aldama, Mary Loli Matthews, Lynn D. Matsushita, Satoki Mezcua, Mar Moscibrodzka, Monika Müller, Hendrik Nagai, Hiroshi Nakamura, Masanori Natarajan, Priyamvada Narayanan, Gopal Nowak, Michael A. Olivares Sánchez, Héctor Raúl Park, Jongho Psaltis, Dimitrios Pu, Hung-Yi Porth, Oliver Rao, Ramprasad Reynolds, Cormac Reeves, Rodrigo Romero-Cañizales, Cristina Ros, Eduardo Rottmann, Helge Roy, Alan L. Schleicher, Dominik Savolainen, Tuomas Impellizzeri, C.M. Violette Treister, Ezequiel Wiik, Kaj Zensus, J. Anton Astronomy Department Universidad de Concepción Casilla 160-C Concepción Chile Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 BonnD-53121 Germany Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO University of Turku FI-20014 Finland Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomia s/n GranadaE-18008 Spain Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Physics McGill University 3600 rue University MontréalQCH3A 2T8 Canada Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory 99 Millstone Road WestfordMA01886 United States Black Hole Initiative Harvard University 20 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Department of Space Earth and Environment Chalmers University of Technology Onsala Space Observatory OnsalaSE-43992 Sweden Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica 645 N. A’ohoku Place HiloHI96720 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Hawaii at Manoa 2505 Correa Road HonoluluHI96822 United States Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics 31 Caroline Street North WaterlooONN2L 2Y5 Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics University of Waterloo Waterloo Canada Steward Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Arizona 933 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85721 United States Data Science Institute University of Arizona 1230 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85721 United States Program in Applied Mathematics University of Arizona 617 N. Santa Rita TucsonAZ85721 United States Radboud University P.O. Box 9010 Nijmegen6500 GL Netherlands Institut für Theoretische Physik Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 1 Frankfurt am MainD-60438 Germany Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik Universität

Using the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), the gravitationally lensed rings around the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in Messier 87 (M87), which has billions of solar masses and a strong jet, and Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), which has millions of solar masses and a weak or no jet, have now been successfully imaged at a resolution under 10 gravitational radii (Rg = GM/c2, where M is the SMBH mass). To expand studies beyond M87 and Sgr A*, we have constructed the ‘Event Horizon and Environs (ETHER)’ sample, a comprehensive database currently encompassing approximately 3.15 million SMBH mass estimates, ∼ 20,000 Very-Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) radio flux densities, and ∼ 36,000 hard X-ray flux densities. This database is designed to identify and optimize target selection for the EHT and its upgrades on the ground and in space. Within the ETHER database, we have identified a ‘Gold Sample’ (GS) of nearby low-luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) that are optimal for studying jet bases, and potentially imaging black hole shadows, with the EHT and its upgrades. We observed 27 of these AGNs using the EHT from 2022 to 2024, providing a unique opportunity to resolve and image accretion flows and jets at resolutions of ≤ 100 Rg. Only a few SMBHs have sufficiently high enough flux density to be imaged at scales of ≤ 50 Rgwith the present EHT. Among these are M87, Sgr A*, NGC 4594 (Sombrero/M104), NGC 4261, and NGC 4374 (Messier 84/M84). Of these, NGC 4261, Sombrero, and M84 have been observed and/or are scheduled for deep imaging with EHT+ALMA from 2023 to 2025. Sombrero, NGC 4261, M84, NGC 4278, and NGC 5232 are clearly detected in our EHT+ALMA observations in 2022, indicating that the 230 GHz flux density from the accretion flows is significantly high. Ongoing imaging of the ETHER GS will enable measurements of black hole mass and spin, help constrain General Relativity (GR), and enrich our understanding of jet launching and accretion inflows across a broad multi-param

关键词： Radiation flux density