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1436. Risk Factors for Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Adults ≥65 Years Old Following Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Recommendation

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Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2018年第SUPPL_1期5卷 S444–S444页

作者： Almendares, Olivia M Xing, Wei Farley, Monica M Schaffner, William Thomas, Ann Reingold, Arthur Harrison, Lee H Holtzman, Corinne Rowlands, Jemma V Petit, Susan Barnes, Meghan Torres, Salina Beall, Bernard Whitney, Cynthia Pilishvili, Tamara Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia Department of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine and Atlanta VA Medical Center Atlanta Georgia Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville Tennessee Oregon Public Health Division Portland Oregon University of California–Berkeley Berkeley California Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health Pittsburgh Pennsylvania Minnesota Department of Health St. Paul Minnesota New York State Department of Health Albany New York Connecticut Department of Public Health Hartford Connecticut Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment Denver Colorado New Mexico Emerging Infections Program Santa Fe New Mexico Respiratory Diseases Branch Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia

Background In 2014, pneumococcal conjugate (PCV13) and polysaccharide (PPSV23) vaccines were recommended in series for all US adults ≥65 years. We conducted a case–control study to evaluate risk factors for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among adults ≥65 years old. Methods IPD cases (isolation of pneumococcus from sterile sites) were identified through Active Bacterial Core surveillance during 2015–2018. Isolates were serotyped using whole genome sequencing. Four controls, identified through a commercial database, were matched per case by age and zip code. We obtained vaccination and medical histories from providers, vaccine registries and participant interviews. A functional status score was calculated based on participant interview. We calculated IPD odds ratios using multivariable conditional logistic regression. Results We enrolled 328 IPD cases and 1,280 matched controls. Fifty percent of case-patients and 55% of controls received a dose of PCV13. Case-patients were more likely than controls to have a chronic condition (heart, liver, or lung disease, diabetes, cochlear implant, alcohol abuse, smoking; 82% vs. 59%), immunosuppression (60% vs. 32%), poor functional status (score of ≥ 3; 71% vs. 50%), annual household income < $30,000 (38% vs. 25%) and education level of high school or less (36% vs. 25%). In a multivariable model, case-patients were more likely than controls to have a chronic condition (OR 2.48, 95% CI 1.72, 3.58), immunosuppression (OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.92,3.42), poor functional status (OR 3.66, 95% CI 2.42, 5.54), and primary or secondary smoking exposure (OR 3.09, 95% CI 1.32, 7.2). In analysis limited to PCV13-type cases and matched controls, adjusting for PCV13 receipt, measures of association were no longer significant for chronic conditions (OR 1.45, 95% 0.71, 2.95), immunosuppression (OR 1.51, 95% CI 0.83, 2.74), or poor functional status (OR 1.98, 95% CI 0.91, 4.3). Conclusion Chronic and immunosuppressive conditions remain IPD risk fac

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Hepatitis AOutbreak Among Persons Experiencing Homelessness—Maricopa County, Arizona, 2017

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Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2017年第SUPPL_1期4卷 S245-S245页

作者： Iverson, Sally Ann Narang, Jigna Garcia, Melissa J Matthews, James Fowle, Nicole Collins, Jennifer Ramachandran, Sumathi Xia, Guo-Liang Lin, Yulin Leach, Machrina Sunenshine, Rebecca Division of Scientific Educational and Professional Development Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia Office of Epidemiology Maricopa County Department of Public Health Phoenix Arizona Office of Community Wellness and Health Promotion Maricopa County Department of Public Health Phoenix Arizona Division of Viral Hepatitis Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia Disease Control Division Maricopa County Department of Public Health Phoenix Arizona Career Epidemiology Field Officer Program Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia

Background Hepatitis A virus (HAV) outbreaks can occur in settings with poor sanitation and crowding, including homeless shelters. On March 29, the Maricopa County Department of Public Health identified three confirmed HAV cases among homeless persons using services at one campus. We sought to determine outbreak source and scope and prevent further spread. Methods Cases were defined as having symptoms of acute hepatitis and a positive IgM anti-HAV test in persons with a history of homelessness or exposure or epidemiologic link to the campus and onset in 2017. Case-finding included enhanced surveillance with outreach to campus staff and healthcare providers who serve homeless persons. In-person interviews were conducted with campus HAV vaccination clinic attendees on April 4 and 11. To assess factors associated with HAV infection, a case–control study was conducted; campus clients or staff without a HAV diagnosis were controls. An environmental inspection was conducted. CDC performed HAV molecular sequencing. Results Twelve cases were identified, one by facility reporting, three by healthcare reporting, and eight by enhanced surveillance. Illness onsets were February 15–April 27; mean age was 47 years; 50% were male. The patient with the earliest onset arrived ~February 5 from San Diego, California, an area with an ongoing HAV outbreak. No campus food safety concerns were identified; educational flyers, soap, and alcohol-based hand sanitizer were provided to the campus. HAV vaccine was administered to 221 (22%) of ~1,000 clients and 105 (42%) of 250 staff who chose to attend the clinics. Ten cases and 343 controls were enrolled in the case–control study; not all questions were answered. Neither eating meals on campus ( P = 0.71) nor sleeping on campus ( P = 0.75) were associated with HAV. Fewer cases (57%) than controls (78%) reported always washing their hands before eating ( P = 0.18). HAV isolated from 3 cases was molecularly identical to San Diego isolates. Concl

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2494. Influenza B Hospitalizations Are Associated With Mortality in Children, FluSurv-NET, 2011–2017

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Open Forum Infect Dis 2018年第SUPPL 1期5卷 S748-S748页

作者： Shikha Garg Alissa O’Halloran Charisse Nitura Cummings Shua J Chai Nisha Alden Kimberly Yousey-Hindes Evan J Anderson Patricia Ryan James Collins Chad Smelser Debra Blog Christina B Felsen Laurie Billing Ann Thomas H Keipp Talbot Melanie Spencer Ruth Lynfield Carrie Reed Influenza Division Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia Assigned to the California Department of Public Health US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Richmond California Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment Denver Colorado Connecticut Emerging Infections Program Yale School of Public Health New Haven Connecticut Emerging Infections Program Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center Atlanta Georgia MD Dept Health Mental Hygiene Baltimore Maryland Michigan Department of Health and Human Services Lansing Michigan New Mexico Emerging Infections Program Santa Fe New Mexico Bureau of Immunization New York State Department of Health Albany New York NY Emerging Infections Program Center for Community Health and Prevention University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York Ohio Department of Health Columbus Ohio Oregon Public Health Division Portland Oregon Infectious Diseases Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee Salt Lake County Health Department Salt Lake City Utah State Epidemiologist and Medical Director for Infectious Diseases Epidemiology & Community Health Minnesota Department of Health St. Paul Minnesota

Background Influenza B viruses (B) co-circulate with influenza A viruses (A) and contribute to influenza-associated hospitalizations each season. We used data from the Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network (FluSurv-NET) to determine the association between B virus hospitalizations and mortality among children. Methods We included data from children aged 0–17 years, residing in a FluSurv-NET catchment area, and hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza during 2011–2012 through 2016–2017. We abstracted data on underlying conditions, clinical course and outcomes from medical charts. After excluding cases with unknown influenza type or with A/B coinfection, we compared characteristics of children hospitalized with A vs. B using univariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression, to determine the independent association between virus type and in-hospital mortality. Results Among 7671 children hospitalized with influenza, 5607 (73%) had A and 2064 (27%) had B. The proportion of B hospitalizations varied by season from 11% during 2013–2014 to 42% during 2012–2013. Among children with B, median age was 4 years (interquartile range 1–8 years), 58% were male and 36% were non-Hispanic white. In univariate analysis, children with B were more likely to be older, have cardiovascular and neurologic disease, to be vaccinated (38 vs. 32%), and to be hospitalized ≥2 days after illness onset, and were less likely to have asthma and receive antivirals (71 vs. 79%) compared with those with A ( P < 0.05). There were no differences in the proportion with ≥1 underlying condition (59% both groups). Patients with B vs. A were no more likely to require intensive care (19 vs. 20%; p 0.34) or receive mechanical ventilation (6 vs. 5%; p 0.13); however, patients with B were more likely to die in-hospital (1 vs. 0.4%; P < 0.01). The unadjusted odds of in-hospital mortality for children with B vs. A was 2.3 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3–4.1), which remained elevated at 2.

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1836. Characteristics of Nursing Homes Associated With Self-reported Implementation of Centers for Disease control and prevention (CDC) Core Elements of Antibiotic Stewardship

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Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2018年第SUPPL_1期5卷 S523–S524页

作者： Thompson, Nicola D Brown, Cedric Eure, Taniece Penna, Austin Barney, Grant Barter, Devra Buhr, Nicolai Clogher, Paula Dumyati, Ghinwa Epson, Erin Frank, Linda Godine, Deborah Irizarry, Lourdes Johnston, Helen Kainer, Marion A Lynfield, Ruth Mahoehney, J P Maloney, Meghan Morabit, Susan Nadle, Joelle Pierce, Rebecca Ray, Susan M Shrum, Sarah Sievers, Marla Wilson, Lucy E Stone, Nimalie D Magill, Shelley S Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia NY Emerging Infections Program Center for Community Health University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment Denver Colorado Office of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Outbreak Response Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Baltimore Maryland Yale New Haven Connecticut NY Emerging Infections Program Center for Community Health and Prevention University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York Healthcare-Associated Infections Program California Department of Public Health Richmond California California Emerging Infections Program Oakland California New Mexico EIP/Department of Health Santa Fe New Mexico Communicable and Environmental Diseases and Emergency Preparedness Tennessee Department of Public Health Nashville Tennessee State Epidemiologist and Medical Director for Infectious Diseases Epidemiology and Community Health Minnesota Department of Health St. Paul Minnesota Minnesota EIP/Department of Health Minneapolis Minnesota Connecticut Department of Public Health Hartford Connecticut Georgia Emerging Infections Program Decatur Georgia Acute and Communicable Disease Prevention Oregon Health Authority Portland Oregon Division of Infectious Diseases Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia New Mexico Department of Health Santa Fe New Mexico Maryland Department of Health Baltimore Maryland

Background CDC released the Core Elements of Antibiotic Stewardship (Core Elements) for Nursing Homes (NHs) in 2015. In 2017, CDCs Emerging Infections program (EIP) evaluated uptake of the Core Elements in a cohort of NHs. Methods NHs from California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Maryland, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, and Tennessee were randomly selected to participate in a CDC EIP antimicrobial use prevalence survey; participation was voluntary. A NH leader (typically Director of Nursing or Infection preventionist) completed a CDC questionnaire to self-report facility implementation of 15 individual activities within the 7 domains of the Core Elements. The number and percentage of facilities reporting “Yes” to each activity and a facility stewardship score (range 0–15, 1 point per activity) were calculated. Associations between the stewardship score and facility-level factors, obtained from the questionnaire and publically available Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) NH quality data, were identified using Analysis of Variance (Proc GLM) in SAS 9.4; a P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results In 161 NHs (mean certified beds 118, 92% dual certified, 68% for-profit), the % of NHs reporting implementation of the 15 activities (figure) ranged from 25% (has a formulary of antibiotic agents, providers required to perform an antibiotic “time-out”) to 88% (providers required to document dose, duration and indication). The median facility stewardship score was 9 (interquartile range 7–12). A higher stewardship score was significantly associated with having: an infection preventionist who completed a certified training course (Yes vs. No, P = 0.029), higher number of attending physicians per 100 NH beds (upper quartile vs. lower three quartiles, P = 0.029), and higher CMS quality measure score (scale of 1 to 5 points, P = 0.025). Conclusion These data, collected approximately 2 years after release of the Core Elements, show NHs have begun to im

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Genome-wide association studies identify susceptibility loci for epithelial ovarian cancer in east Asian women

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Gynecologic oncology 2019年第2期153卷 343-355页

作者： Kate Lawrenson Fengju Song Dennis J Hazelett Siddhartha P Kar Jonathan Tyrer Catherine M Phelan Rosario I Corona Norma I Rodríguez-Malavé Ji-Hei Seo Emily Adler Simon G Coetzee Felipe Segato Marcos A S Fonseca Christopher I Amos Michael E Carney Georgia Chenevix-Trench Jiyeob Choi Jennifer A Doherty Weihua Jia Gang J Jin Byoung-Gie Kim Nhu D Le Juyeon Lee Lian Li Boon K Lim Noor A Adenan Mika Mizuno Boyoung Park Celeste L Pearce Kang Shan Yongyong Shi Xiao-Ou Shu Weiva Sieh Pamela J Thompson Lynne R Wilkens Qingyi Wei Yin L Woo Li Yan Beth Y Karlan Matthew L Freedman Houtan Noushmehr Ellen L Goode Andrew Berchuck Thomas A Sellers Soo-Hwang Teo Wei Zheng Keitaro Matsuo Sue Park Kexin Chen Paul D P Pharoah Simon A Gayther Marc T Goodman Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center 8700 Beverly Boulevard Suite 290W Los Angeles CA USA Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics Cedars Sinai Genomics Core Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles CA USA. Electronic address: kate.lawrenson@***. National Clinical Research Center for Cancer Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital Tianjin China Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy Tianjin China. Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics Cedars Sinai Genomics Core Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles CA USA. Department of Oncology Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology University of Cambridge Strangeways Research Laboratory Cambridge UK. Department of Gynecologic Oncology Moffitt Cancer Center Tampa FL USA Department of Cancer Epidemiology Moffitt Cancer Center Tampa FL USA. Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics Cedars Sinai Genomics Core Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles CA USA. Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston MA USA. Department of Preventive Medicine University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine 1450 Biggy Street Los Angeles CA USA. Department of Genetics Ribeirão Preto Medical School University of São Paulo 14049-900 Brazil. Institute for Clinical and Translational Research Department of Medicine Baylor School of Medicine HoustonTX USA. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology John A. Burns School of Medicine University of Hawaii Honolulu HI USA. Genetics and Computational Biology Department QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute 300 Herston Road Herston QLD 4006 Australia. Department of Preventive Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea Cancer Research Institute Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Biomedical Science Graduate School Seoul National Un

OBJECTIVE:Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) have focused largely on populations of European ancestry. We aimed to identify common germline variants associated with EOC risk in Asian women. METHODS:Genotyping was performed as part of the OncoArray project. Samples with >60% Asian ancestry were included in the analysis. Genotyping was performed on 533,631 SNPs in 3238 Asian subjects diagnosed with invasive or borderline EOC and 4083 unaffected controls. After imputation, genotypes were available for 11,595,112 SNPs to identify associations. RESULTS:At chromosome 6p25.2, SNP rs7748275 was associated with risk of serous EOC (odds ratio [OR] = 1.34, P = 8.7 × 10) and high-grade serous EOC (HGSOC) (OR = 1.34, P = 4.3 × 10). SNP rs6902488 at 6p25.2 (r = 0.97 with rs7748275) lies in an active enhancer and is predicted to impact binding of STAT3, P300 and ELF1. We identified additional risk loci with low Bayesian false discovery probability (BFDP) scores, indicating they are likely to be true risk associations (BFDP <10%). At chromosome 20q11.22, rs74272064 was associated with HGSOC risk (OR = 1.27, P = 9.0 × 10). Overall EOC risk was associated with rs10260419 at chromosome 7p21.3 (OR = 1.33, P = 1.2 × 10) and rs74917072 at chromosome 2q37.3 (OR = 1.25, P = 4.7 × 10). At 2q37.3, expression quantitative trait locus analysis in 404 HGSOC tissues identified ESPNL as a putative candidate susceptibility gene (P = 1.2 × 10). CONCLUSION:While some risk loci were shared between East Asian and European populations, others were population-specific, indicating that the landscape of EOC risk in Asian women has both shared and unique features compared to women of European ancestry.

关键词： Asian ancestry Enhancer Epithelial ovarian cancer Gene regulation Genome-wide association study eQTL

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1761. Effect of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) Surveillance Case Definition Change on CRE Epidemiology—Selected US Sites, 2015–2016

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Open Forum Infect Dis 2018年第SUPPL 1期5卷 S61-S61页

作者： Nadezhda Duffy Sandra N Bulens Hannah Reses Maria S Karlsson Uzma Ansari Wendy Bamberg Sarah J Janelle Jesse T Jacob Chris Bower Lucy E Wilson Elisabeth Vaeth Ruth Lynfield Medora Witwer Erin C Phipps Ghinwa Dumyati Rebecca Pierce P Maureen Cassidy Marion A Kainer Daniel Muleta Isaac See Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment Denver Colorado Division of Infectious Diseases Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia Georgia Emerging Infections Program Decatur Georgia Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Baltimore Maryland Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Outbreak Response Bureau Maryland Department of Health Baltimore Maryland State Epidemiologist and Medical Director for Infectious Diseases Epidemiology and Community Health Minnesota Department of Health St. Paul Minnesota Minnesota Department of Health St. Paul Minnesota New Mexico Emerging Infections Program University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico NY Emerging Infections Program Center for Community Health and Prevention University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York Acute and Communicable Disease Prevention Oregon Health Authority Portland Oregon Oregon Health Authority Portland Oregon Communicable and Environmental Diseases and Emergency Preparedness Tennessee Department of Public Health Nashville Tennessee Tennessee Department of Health Nashville Tennessee

Background Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriacae (CRE) are an urgent US public health threat. CDC reported CRE incidence to be 2.93/100,000 population in 2012–2013 in selected sites but changed the CRE surveillance case definition in 2016 to improve sensitivity for detecting carbapenemase-producing (CP) CRE. We describe CRE epidemiology before and after the change. Methods Eight CDC Emerging Infections program sites (CO, GA, MD, MN, NM, NY, OR, TN) conducted active, population-based CRE surveillance in selected counties. A case was defined as having an isolate of E. coli , Enterobacter , or Klebsiella meeting a susceptibility phenotype (figure) at a clinical laboratory from urine or a normally sterile body site in a surveillance area resident in a 30-day period. We collected data from medical records and defined cases as community-associated (CA) if no healthcare risk factors were documented. A convenience sample of isolates were tested for carbapenemase genes at CDC by real-time PCR. We calculated incidence rates (per 100,000 population) by using US Census data. Case epidemiology and the proportion of CP-CRE isolates in 2015 versus 2016 were compared. Results In total, 442 incident CRE cases were reported in 2015, and 1,149 cases were reported in 2016. Most isolates were cultured from urine: 87% in 2015 and 92% in 2016 ( P < .001). The crude overall pooled mean incidence in 2015 was 2.9 (range by site: 0.45–7.19) and in 2016 was 7.48 (range: 3.13–15.95). The most common CRE genus was Klebsiella (51%) in 2015, and in 2016 was Enterobacter (41%, P < 0.001). Of the subset of CRE isolates tested at CDC, 109/227 (48%) were CP-CRE in 2015 and 109/551 (20%) were CP-CRE in 2016. In 2015, 52/442 (12%) of cases were CA CRE, and in 2016, 267/1,149 (23%) were CA CRE ( P < 0.001). In 2016, 3/111 (2.7%) of CA CRE isolates tested were CP-CRE. Conclusion A large increase in reported CRE incidence was observed after the change in the case definition. The new case definition includ

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RNA-Seq analysis of Pyrethroid resistance responsive genes in Aedes albopictus from China: selection and functional assays of candidate genes and SNPs

RNA-Seq analysis of Pyrethroid resistance responsive genes i...

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中国动物学会寄生虫学专业委员会第十六次全国学术会议暨第七次国际寄生虫学学术研讨会

作者： Jiabao Xu Mariangela Bonizzoni Daibin Zhong Yiji Li Xinghua Su Guofa Zhou Guiyun Yan Xiaoguang Chen Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes Department of Pathogen BiologySchool of Public Health and Tropical MedicineSouthern Medical University Department of Biology and Biotechnology University of Pavia Program in Public Health University of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA Key Laboratory of Translation Medicine Tropical Diseases Department of Ministry of EducationHainan Medical UniversityHaikouHainanChinaDepartment of Pathogen BiologyHainan Medical University

Background In addition to its quick global expansion,Aedes albopictus is a vector of increasing concern for its ability of transmitting Dengue virus,Chikungunya virus and other *** vector control strategies rely much on insecticide implementation,despite increasing ineffectiveness against different mosquito species,including *** regulation of insecticide resistance mechanism study is in urgent need in this mosquito species to provide basis of novel approaches to vector *** We investigated the transcriptional profiles of deltamethrin resistant and susceptible change in *** by performing paired-end RNA-Seq of biologically replicated *** caught *** larvae from south China were reared into adulthood before species identified and applied to deltamethrin discriminating dosage 0.05%.We sequenced RNA from whole bodies of susceptible and resistant female adult.A comprehensive transcriptome assembly was constructed and compared to genome data from most recent literature to derive a list of candidate resistance ***-seq data were analyzed also to identify sequence polymorphisms linked to *** resistance genes were functional verified with RNA intererencing *** SNPs were testified in wild mosquito *** A total of 11 candidate-resistance genes(CCG010283,CCG012117,CCG014340,CCG018948,CCG019308,CCG011426,CCG006287,CCG007203,CCG026733,CCG013931 and CCG000656) were identified with altered expression between resistant and susceptible mosquitoes from Shenzhen,south *** SNPs in various cytochrome P450 genes were significantly associated with the resistance phenotype,eg: CCG015756(odds ratio: 18.10).Conclusions This study utilize powerful RNA-Seq technologies to elucidate the transcriptional basis of pyrethroids resistance in *** results indicated that pyrethroids resistance is a complexing mechanism We identified candidate genes a

关键词： Aedes albopictus RNA-sequencing pyrethroids deltamethrin insecticide resistance RNA interference SNP

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Transmission of Clostridium difficile across Multiple Healthcare Facilities Revealed through Whole-Genome Sequencing

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American Journal of Infection control 2017年第6期45卷 S15-S15页

作者： Jacob M. Vinocur Joel Terriquez Linus Nienstadt Paul Keim Infection Control Scientist Northern Arizona Healthcare Infectious Disease and HIV specialist Medical Director of Infection Prevention and Antibiotic Stewardship Program Flagstaff Medical Center Infection Prevention Manager Northern Arizona Healthcare Regents' Professor and Cowden Chair Northern Arizona University

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Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is overexpressed in colorectal cancer onset

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Translational Medicine Communications 2017年第1期2卷 1-9页

作者： Míriam Tarrado-Castellarnau Santiago Diaz-Moralli Ibrahim H. Polat Marta Cascante Rebeca Sanz-Pamplona Víctor Moreno Cristina Alenda Antoni Castells Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine Faculty of Biology Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain Institute of Biomedicine of Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) and CSIC-Associated Unit Barcelona Spain Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility Cancer Prevention and Control Program Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) IDIBELL and CIBERESP Hospitalet de Llobregat Barcelona Spain Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain Department of Pathology Hospital General Universitario de Alicante Alicante Spain Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Clínic IDIBAPS CIBEREHD Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain

BackgroundGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is an essential regulator of glycolysis used as a housekeeping marker for gene/protein normalisation. Given the pivotal role of GAPDH in tumour metabolism, ou... 详细信息

Background

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is an essential regulator of glycolysis used as a housekeeping marker for gene/protein normalisation. Given the pivotal role of GAPDH in tumour metabolism, our aim was to correlate its protein expression with tumour staging and prognosis of colorectal cancer.

Methods

GAPDH expression was immunohistochemically analysed in tumour tissues from 62 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, and validated at mRNA level in an independent dataset comprising 98 paired stage II CRC and normal samples. Staining quantification was performed by computational image analysis, and correlations between GAPDH expression and tumour progression stage were assessed. Gene expression profiling was performed using Affymetrix microarrays. Probability of patient survival and disease-free survival were analysed by the univariate product-limit method of Kaplan-Meier. Groups were compared using Kruskal-Wallis tests.

Results

Overexpression of GAPDH is positively associated with early stage tumours without regional lymph node and distant metastases involved. These results were reinforced by those obtained at mRNA level.

Conclusion

Studying the role of GAPDH in malignant transformation can shed new light on the understanding of tumour onset and lead to the design of more efficient personalised therapies.

关键词： GAPDH Colorectal cancer Tumour progression Tumour onset Biomarker

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1859. Prevalence of Antimicrobial Use in US Hospital Patients, 2011 vs. 2015

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Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2018年第SUPPL_1期5卷 S531–S531页

作者： Magill, Shelley S O’Leary, Erin Ray, Susan M Morabit, Susan Perry, Lewis Kainer, Marion A Beard, Raphaelle H Bamberg, Wendy Johnston, Helen L Lynfield, Ruth Rainbow, Jean Warnke, Linn Nadle, Joelle Thompson, Deborah L Sievers, Marla M Sharmin, Shamima Hancock, Emily B Pierce, Rebecca Zhang, Alexia Y Maloney, Meghan Wilson, Lucy E Buhr, Nicolai Richards, Katherine Dumyati, Ghinwa Edwards, Jonathan R Emerging Infections program Hospital Prevalence Survey Team Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia Georgia Emerging Infections Program Decatur Georgia Tennessee Department of Health Nashville Tennessee Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment Denver Colorado Minnesota Department of Health St. Paul Minnesota California Emerging Infections Program Oakland California Presbyterian Healthcare Services Albuquerque New Mexico New Mexico Department of Health Santa Fe New Mexico Oregon Health Authority Portland Oregon Connecticut Department of Health Hartford Connecticut Maryland Department of Health Baltimore Maryland New York Emerging Infections Program at the University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York

Background Antimicrobial stewardship (AS) is increasingly recognized as an essential component of patient safety programs. In a US hospital prevalence survey in 2011, 50% of patients received antimicrobial drugs (ADs). The survey was repeated in 2015 to describe changes in inpatient antimicrobial use, approximately one year after CDC published the “Core Elements of Hospital Antibiotic Stewardship programs.” Methods Emerging Infections program (EIP) sites in 10 states recruited up to 25 hospitals each, seeking to re-engage hospitals that participated in the 2011 survey. Hospitals selected survey dates from May to September 2015 and completed AS questionnaires. Patients were randomly sampled from the hospital census on the survey date. EIP staff retrospectively reviewed medical records to collect AD data. Percentages of patients on ADs on the survey date or the day before were compared using chi-square tests (SAS 9.4, OpenEpi 3.01). Results In 2015, among 148 hospitals participating in both surveys, 29 (19.6%) reported having no AS team (AST); 63 (42.6%) had ASTs for <4 years, and 56 (37.8%) had ASTs for ≥4 years. Antimicrobial use prevalence in 2015 was approximately 50% in hospitals with and without ASTs. Percentages of patients on ADs was not different in 2015 (4,590/9,169, 50.1%) compared with 2011 (4,606/9,283, 49.6%, P = 0.55). Antimicrobial use prevalence in most hospital locations did not change, although the percentage of neonatal intensive and special care unit patients on ADs was lower in 2015 compared with 2011 (22.1% vs. 30.7%, P = 0.005). The percentage of patients on fluoroquinolones was lower in 2015, while percentages of patients on carbapenems or cephalosporins were higher in 2015 than in 2011 (figure). Conclusion Some observed differences between 2011 and 2015 provide evidence of stewardship impact. The decrease in antimicrobial use in selected neonatal locations may reflect implementation of tools to improve neonatal sepsis prescribing, while decre

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