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Pilot scale production of pory(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) by fed-batch culture of recombinant Escherichia coli

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Biotechnology and Bioprocess engineering 2002年第6期7卷 371-374页

作者： Choi, Jong-Il Lee, Sang Yup Shin, Kyungsup Lee, Woo Gi Park, Si Jae Chang, Ho Nam Chang, Yong Keun Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-701 373-1 Guseong-dong South Korea Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering BioProcess Engineering Research Center Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-701 373-1 Guseong-dong South Korea Center for Ultramicrochemical Process Systems Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-701 373-1 Guseong-dong South Korea

Production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [P(3HB/V)], by fed-batch culture of recombinant Escherichia coli harboring a plasmid containing the Alcaligenes latus polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biosynthesis genes, was examined in two pilot-scale fermentors with air supply only. In a 30 L fermentor having a K_La value of 0.11 s^-1, the final P(3HB/V) concentration and the P(3HB/V) content obtained were 29.6 g/L and 70.1 wt%, respectively, giving a productivity of 1.37 g P(3HB/V)/L-h. In a 300 L fermentor having a K_La of 0.03 s^-1, the P(3HB/V) concentration and the P(3HB/V) content were 20.4 g/L and 69 wt%, respectively, giving a productivity of 1.06 g P(3HB/V)/L-h. These results suggest that economical production of P(3HB/V) is possible by fed-batch culture of recombinant E. coli in a large-scale fermentor having low K_La value.

关键词： Oxygen transfer rate P(3HB/V) Pilot-scale fermentor Recombinant E. coli

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Coherence resonance near the Hopf bifurcation in coupled chaotic oscillators

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Physical Review E 2002年第3期66卷 036201-036201页

作者： Meng Zhan Guo Wei Wei Choy-Heng Lai Ying-Cheng Lai Zonghua Liu Department of Computational Science National University of Singapore Singapore 117543 Singapore Department of Physics National University of Singapore Singapore 117543 Singapore Department of Mathematics and Center for Systems Science and Engineering Research Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287 Departments of Electrical Engineering and Physics Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287

We uncover a coherence resonance near the Hopf bifurcation from chaos in coupled chaotic oscillators. At the bifurcation, a nearly periodic rotating wave becomes stable as the state of synchronous chaos is destabilized. We find that noise can induce the bifurcation and, more strikingly, it can enhance the temporal regularity of the wave pattern in the coupled system. This resonant phenomenon is expected to be robust and physically observable.

关键词： .Hopf bifurcation coupled chaotic coherence resonance wave pattern bifurcation from chaos temporal regularity

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Shadowability of Statistical Averages in Chaotic systems

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Physical Review Letters 2002年第18期89卷 184101-184101页

作者： Ying-Cheng Lai Zonghua Liu Guo-Wei Wei Choy-Heng Lai Department of Mathematics and Center for Systems Science and Engineering Research Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287 Departments of Electrical Engineering and Physics Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287 Department of Computational Science National University of Singapore Singapore 117543 Singapore Department of Physics National University of Singapore Singapore 117543 Singapore

We ask whether statistical averages in chaotic systems can be computed or measured reliably under the influence of noise. Situations are identified where the invariance of such averages breaks down as the noise amplitude increases through a critical level. An algebraic scaling law is obtained which relates the change of the averages to the noise variation. This breakdown of shadowability of statistical averages, as characterized by the algebraic scaling law, can be expected in both low- and high-dimensional chaotic systems.

关键词： .true situations scaling trajectory algebraic unstable Shadowability Statistical Averages Chaotic noise amplitude numerical trajectories Lyapunov exponents

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Highly cross-linked polysilane as antireflective coating for deep ultraviolet lithography to improve durability during SiO2 etching

Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics a...

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Journal of Vacuum science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures processing, Measurement, and Phenomena 2002年第3期20卷 909-913页

作者： Yasuhiko Sato Eishi Shiobara Yasunobu Onishi Sawako Yoshikawa Yoshihiko Nakano Shuzi Hayase Yoshitaka Hamada Process and Manufacturing Engineering Center Toshiba Corporation 8 Shinsugita-cho Isogo-ku Yokohama 235-8522 Japan Corporate Research and Development Center Toshiba Corporation 1 Komukai Toshiba-cho Saiwai-ku Kawasaki 210-0901 Japan Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology 1-1 Hibikino Wakamatsu-ku Kitakyushu 808-01906 Japan Silicone-Electronics Materials Research Center Shin-Etsu Chemical Company Limited 1-10 Hitomi Matsuida-machi Usui-gun Gunma 379-0224 Japan

Highly cross-linked polysilanes were recently investigated in an attempt to improve drawbacks of bottom antireflective coatings (BARCs) composed of loosely cross-linked polysilanes that are used for deep ultraviolet (UV) lithography. A highly cross-linked structure was prepared by thermally crosslinking poly(phenylmethylsilane-co-methylhydrosilane-co-methysilyne) with m-diethynylbenzene during baking after coating. Resist profiles are achieved on it without producing a foot or leaving residue at the bottom of the resist. The refractive indices at the KrF excimer laser wavelength (248 nm) are n=1.93 and k=0.32. The reflection is reduced 0.9% regardless of variation in the thickness of the substrate. Highly cross-linked polysilanes improve the melting of loosely cross-linked polysilanes during BARC etching. They also improve the surface roughness of loosely cross-linked polysilanes after substrate (-SiO2) etching. The etch selectivity of the highly cross-linked polysilane BARC/resist during BARC etching is 2.1, which is higher than that of organic BARC/resist (∼1). The etch resistance of the highly cross-linked polysilane during substrate etching is 1.1 times greater than that of the resist. Highly cross-linked polysilanes can not only be etched with high selectivity against resist but can also be superior etch mask for substrate etching.

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Performance of scheduling scientific applications with adaptive weighted factoring 15

Performance of scheduling scientific applications with adapt...

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15th International Parallel and Distributed processing Symposium, IPDPS 2001

作者： Banicescu, I. Velusamy, V. Department of Computer Science NSF Engineering Research Center for Computational Systems Mississippi State University United States

ISBN: (纸本)0769509908

Dynamic scheduling algorithms are a powerful tool towards performance improvement via load balancing scientific applications in heterogeneous environments. However, these scheduling techniques employ heuristics that require a priori knowledge about workload via profiling resulting in higher overhead as problem sizes and number of processors increase. In addition, load imbalance may appear only at run-time, making profiling work tedious and sometimes even obsolete. This paper reports on performance improvements obtained by integrating a recently proposed dynamic loop scheduling technique that addresses these concerns, the Adaptive Weighted Factoring, into two scientific applications. The first application involves computational field simulation on unstructured grids, and the second one is N-body simulation. Reported experimental results on computational field simulation problems using unstructured grids and ongoing work on N-body simulations confirm the benefits of using this methodology, and emphasize its high potential for future integration in other scientific applications that exhibit substantial performance degradation due to load imbalance. © 2001 IEEE.

关键词： Scheduling algorithms

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MULTISCALE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR SUBDIVIDED PERIODIC ELASTIC STRUCTURES OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS

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Journal of computational Mathematics 2001年第2期19卷 205-212页

作者： Li-qun Cao Jun-zhi Cui De-chao Zhu Jian-lan Luo Institute of Computational Mathematics and Science-Engineering Computing Academy of Mathematics and Systems SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100080China Solid Mechanics Research Center Beijing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsBeijing 100083China Department of Applied Physics Beijing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsBeijing 100083China

Deals with a study which discussed the mechanical behaviour for subdivided periodic elastic structures of composite materials, from the viewpoint of macro- and meso-scale coupling. Multiscale asymptotic expansion and truncation error estimates; Discussion on multiscale finite element method; Details of higher order difference quotients and total error estimates; Numerical experiments.

关键词： multi-scale asymptotic method finite element method composite medium

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Spun-on carbon antireflective layer with etch resistance for deep and vacuum ultraviolet lithography processes

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Journal of Vacuum science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 2001年第6期19卷 2385-2388页

作者： Sato, Yasuhiko Onishi, Yasunobu Nakano, Yoshihiko Hayase, Shuzi Process and Manufacturing Engineering Center Toshiba Corporation 8 Shinsugita-cho Isogo-ku Yokohama 235-8522 Japan Corporate Research and Development Center Toshiba Corporation 1 Komukai Toshiba-cho Saiwai-ku Kawasaki 210-0901 Japan Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology 1-1 Hibikino Wakamatsu-ku Kitakyushu 808-01906 Japan

Dry etch resistance and antireflective performance were studied for a film containing a high amount of carbon, named the spun-on carbon film. The refractive indices of the spun-on carbon film at exposure wavelengths of excimer laser are n=1.72, k=0.35 (KrF), n=1.46, k=0.67 (ArF), and n=1.37, k=0.14 (F2). The bilayer BARC system composed of an upper SOG layer and a lower spun-on carbon layer was evaluated. By optimizing the SOG thickness, the reflectivity was reduced to 0.2% (KrF), 3.3% (ArF), and 0.5% (F2). Remarkable improvement was observed at the KrF and F2 wavelengths. Excellent resist profiles were obtained without any footing, residue, or standing waves using KrF and ArF excimer laser-based scanning steppers. It was found that the etch resistance of the spun-on carbon film is 1.34 times greater than that of the thermally oxidized novolak film.

关键词： Lithography

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Performance of scheduling scientific applications with adaptive weighted factoring

Performance of scheduling scientific applications with adapt...

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International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed processing (IPDPS)

作者： I. Banicescu V. Velusamy Department of Computer Science NSF Engineering Research Center for Computational Systems Mississippi State University USA

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Introducing PRouST: the PNNI routing and simulation toolkit

Introducing PRouST: the PNNI routing and simulation toolkit

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IEEE Workshop on High Performance Switching and Routing

作者： B. Khan D. Talmage S. Mountcastle A. Battou S. Marsh Advanced Engineering & Sciences a division of ITT Industries Center for Computational Science Naval Research Laboratory Alexandria VA USA Princeton Optical Systems Greenbelt MD USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780367111

Despite the increased availability of affordable ATM hardware, the scientific research community has often found it difficult to engage in much needed basic research in the areas of ATM protocol design and network performance optimization. We believe that one major cause for this has been the absence of affordable, publicly available source-level implementations of the ATM switch protocol stack. The PNNI routing and simulation toolkit (PRouST) attempts to remedy this. PRouST is a freely distributed, extensible environment for research and development in ATM switch signaling and routing. PRouST includes a complete source-level release of the ATM switch PNNI protocol stack, conformant to version 1.0 of the ATM Forum specification. It is our hope that PRouST will serve as the starting point for bold new initiatives in research and development for ATM technologies. We describe the design of PRouST and the features it supports.

关键词： Routing Switches Asynchronous transfer mode Protocols Hardware Inductors computational modeling Electrical capacitance tomography Communication switching Kernel

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Preliminary studies of lignocellulosics and waste fuels for fixed bed gasification

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International Journal of Global Energy Issues 2001年第3-4期15卷 264-280页

作者： Olgun, Hayati Dogru, Murat Howarth, Colin R. Malik, Abdullah A. Marmara Research Center Energy Systems and Environmental Research Institute PO Box 21 41460 Gebze Kocaeli Turkey Department of Chemical and Process Engineering University of Newcastle Newcastle NE1 7RU United Kingdom Department of Chemical and Life Science University of Northumbria Newcastle NE1 8ST United Kingdom TUBITAK-MAM Istanbul Turkey University of Newcastle Upon Tyne United Kingdom

This study was carried out to understand the decomposition behaviour of a range of biofuel and waste feedstock during gasification in a downdraft gasifier. A laboratory scale large sample thermogravimetric analyser (LSTA) is used which allows the data on burn-out characteristics of different fuel particles to be measured under agitated conditions. The conditions chosen simulate the combustion behaviour in a gasifier for a range of biofuels and wastes, namely hazelnut, pistachio, and peanut shells, wood chips and sewage sludge pellets. From this data the activation energy is calculated for a heating rate of 20°C/min. It was found that, as the weight loss increases, the activation energy decreases. In addition the influence of a range of gasification air/N2 levels on constituents of the gas released during hazelnut shell decomposition was observed. It was found that the composition of the product gases consisted of CH4, H2, CO, CO2, C2H4, C2H6. This was analysed as function of time hazelnut shells showing that the primary products are H2, CO, CH4 and CO2.

关键词： Gasification

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