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Engine Performance Using Blended Fuels of Biodiesel and Eco Diesel

Energy engineering 2023年第1期120卷 107-123页

作者： Muhammad Idris IHusin Indra Hermawan Uun Novalia RDBatubara Nugroho Agung Pambudi Alfan Sarifudin Study Program of Mechanical Engineering Universitas Medan AreaMedan20156Indonesia Study Program of Mechanical Engineering Politeknik Negeri MedanMedan20156Indonesia Study Program of Industrial Engineering Universitas Harapan MedanMedan20156Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Education Universitas Sebelas MaretSurakarta57126Indonesia

Diesel engines is an internal combustion engine with high thermal efficiency,which also uses biodiesel fuel,an environmentally friendly,non-toxic,and low sulfur *** has been around for a long time due to its similar characteristics to diesel fuels which has limited ***,several disadvantages are associated with biodiesel,such as poor volatility and high viscosity,which reduces engine ***,this study was carried out to improve the diesel engine performance by mixing biodiesel with ecodiesel(ED),an additive produced from natural ingredients that is dissolvable in *** biodiesel fuel properties used are density 860 kg/m3,dynamic viscosity 4.50E-06 m2/s,cetane number 45,and flashpoint 52°*** results showed that biodiesel-ED mixture could improve engine performance and the optimum performance was at a speed of 3000 rpm on 43.30(kW),124.93(N.m)of the engine torque,and 2.45E–5(kg/kW.s)of the specific fuel *** to paired sample t-test,the difference in the engine performance is only experienced in the torque,which has a significant increase in the composition of the biodiesel+ED by 0.07 gr mixture.

关键词： Car vehicle experiment combustion ED renewable energy

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WeBikes: a configurable, open-source add-on for simulating single-track vehicle dynamics in the Webots robot simulation software

Advances in Transportation Studies

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Advances in Transportation Studies 2024年第Special issue期4卷 73-88页

作者： Li, W. Francis, P. McClosky, R. Brown, A. Integrative Engineering Program Lafayette College United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Lafayette College EastonPA United States

This paper introduces WeBikes, an open-source simulation element for the Webots robot simulation software that allows users to easily simulate the dynamics of bicycles and motorcycles. WeBikes allows users to configure the dimensional, inertial, and visual properties of a two-wheeled vehicle. Open-loop comparisons between the WeBikes vehicle’s behavior and a canonical linear model of single-track vehicle dynamics show that WeBikes captures the self-stabilization behavior of two wheeled vehicles as predicted by the linear model. Additionally, the WeBikes add-on includes a simple virtual rider that stabilizes the vehicle using optimal linear feedback control. Comparisons between the closed-loop behavior of the WeBikes vehicle and the linear model show strong agreement, which indicates that under the direction of a virtual rider, the WeBikes vehicle can be used to simulate a vehicle-rider system navigating a roadway. Finally, a simple case study demonstrates how WeBikes can be used in a road safety simulation context. The case study explores how a motorcycle-rider system behaves when performing a lane change between lanes of disparate heights, illustrating how WeBikes can provide insight into the interaction between single-track vehicle behavior and geometric roadway design. © 2024, Aracne Editrice. All rights reserved.

关键词： Motorcycles

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Physics guided heat source for quantitative prediction of IN718 laser additive manufacturing processes

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npj Computational Materials 2024年第1期10卷 2854-2867页

作者： Abdullah Al Amin Yangfan Li Ye Lu Xiaoyu Xie Zhengtao Gan Satyajit Mojumder Gregory J.Wagner Wing Kam Liu Department of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanston 60208 ILUSA Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of DaytonDaytonOHUSA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of MarylandBaltimore CountyBaltimoreMD 21250USA Department of Aerospace&Mechanical Engineering University of Texas at El PasoEl PasoTXUSA Theoritical and Applied Mechanics Program Northwestern UniversityEvanston 60208 ILUSA

Challenge 3 of the 2022 NIST additive manufacturing benchmark(AM Bench)experiments asked modelers to submit predictions for solid cooling rate,liquid cooling rate,time above melt,and melt pool geometry for single and multiple track laser powder bed fusion process using moving *** in-house developed Additive Manufacturing Computational Fluid Dynamics code(AM-CFD)combined with a cylindrical heat source is implemented to accurately predict these *** heat source calibration is proposed relating volumetric energy density(ψ)based on experiments available in the *** parameters of the heat source of the computational model are initially calibrated based on a Higher Order Proper Generalized Decomposition-(HOPGD)based surrogate *** prediction using the calibrated heat source agrees quantitatively with NIST measurements for different process conditions(laser spot diameter,laser power,and scan speed).A scaling law based on keyhole formation is also utilized in calibrating the parameters of the cylindrical heat source and predicting the challenge *** addition,an improvement on the heat source model is proposed to relate the Volumetric Energy Density(VED_(σ))to the melt pool aspect *** model shows further improvement in the prediction of the experimental measurements for the melt pool,including cases at higher VED_(σ).Overall,it is concluded that the appropriate selection of laser heat source parameterization scheme along with the heat source model is crucial in the accurate prediction of melt pool geometry and thermal measurements while bypassing the expensive computational simulations that consider increased physics equations.

关键词： prediction source additive

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Development of Healthcare System to Improve Adjustability for Grasping Force and Cognitive Function and Verification of Its Usefulness for Community-Dwelling Older People

Transactions of Japanese Society for Medical and Biological ...

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Transactions of Japanese Society for Medical and Biological engineering 2023年第6期61卷 99-107页

作者： Nomura, Masakazu Toshima, Kazuya Chokki, Yu Taкato, Ryo Morita, Yoshifumi Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Nagoya Institute of Technology Japan Creative Engineering Program Department of Engineering Nagoya Institute of Technology Japan Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Program Department of Engineering Nagoya Institute of Technology Japan Kaikoukai Rehabilitation Hospital Japan

It has been reported that finger dexterity and cognitive function decline with aging and are related to each other. In our previous study, we developed a training device (iWakka) for adjustability for grasping force. In this study, we developed the iWakka Healthcare System, which provides training for hand dexterity and cognitive function at home using iWakka and allows healthcare professionals to check the daily implementation status. Using this system, a 30-day intervention study was conducted at home with 14 community-dwelling older people to investigate changes in their adjustability for grasping force, cognitive function and verify usefulness of the system. Cognitive function was assessed in executive, attention, and memory functions. The results showed significant improvement in adjustability for grasping force and cognitive function. A process of motor learning over 30 days could be quantified in 11 subjects with approximate curves representing exponential decay. It was found that memory function before the intervention affected the process of motor learning. These results suggest that the iWakka healthcare system may contribute to improving adjustability for grasping force and cognitive function. © 2023, Japan Soc. of Med. Electronics and Biol. engineering. All rights reserved.

关键词： Housing

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The development of video laryngoscope via additive manufacturing for use in a pre-hospital environment

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Research on Biomedical engineering 2024年第1期40卷 15-23页

作者： Alves, Marcio Allan Foggiatto, Jose Aguiomar Berti, Lucas Freitas Ulbricht, Leandra Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering Universidade Federal Tecnológica do Paraná Curitiba Brazil Graduate Program in Mechanical and Materials Engineering Universidade Federal Tecnológica do Paraná Curitiba Brazil

Purpose: Due to failures that occur during intubation, some authors advocate that intubation should always be done with a video laryngoscope. What makes the implementation of this recommendation difficult, especially in developing countries, is the high price of the device. Thus, the objective of this study is to present a low-cost video laryngoscope developed via additive manufacturing, being the first device to have the safety parameters duly tested according to the ISO 7673:2020 standard. Methods: A video laryngoscope with a Macintosh-type rigid blade was developed. After modeling it in the CAD-3D SolidWorks® program, the prototype was printed in PLA (polylactic acid), and load and fatigue tests were carried out with the MTS 810/793 testing machine. Results: The main results were an improvement in ergonomics (with a better fixation of the camera wire and camera positioning). Load and fatigue tests showed compliance with the requirements of the ISO 7673:2020 standard. The first is that when subjected to a traction force of 65 N, the center of illumination must not move more than 10 mm (the average movement was only 3.95 mm). The second is that when subjected to a traction force of 150 N, the laryngoscope blade must not break (348 N of load was applied and the piece resisted without breaking). Conclusion: It was shown that the Macintosh-type PLA video laryngoscope has the potential to become a safe and low-cost tool in the emergency intubation arsenal. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Brazilian Society of Biomedical engineering 2023.

关键词： 3D printing

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Experimental analysis on calcination and carbonation process in calcium looping for CO_(2) capture: study case of cement plants in Indonesia

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Clean Energy 2023年第2期7卷 313-327页

作者： Triya Setia Febriatna Prihadi Setyo Darmanto Firman Bagja Juangsa Master Program of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringInstitut Teknologi BandungBandungIndonesia Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Institut Teknologi BandungBandungIndonesia Research Center for New and Renewable Energy Institut Teknologi BandungBandungIndonesia

Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is the main contributor to greenhouse gases that affect global *** industrial sector is the third largest producer of CO_(2) and the cement industry is one of the industries that consistently produces the most significant CO_(2) *** cement industry produces 5-8% of global CO_(2) *** methods for reducing specific CO_(2) emissions have been reported in the cement industry,including calcium looping,which uses the reversible reaction between calcination[calcium carbonate(CaCO_(3))decomposition]and carbonation[CO_(2) capture by calcium oxide(CaO)].This work investigates calcium looping employing limestone obtained directly from several cement factories in Indonesia to observe the carbon-absorption characteristics of limestone from different mining *** experiment was carried out using a tube furnace equipped with a controlled atmospheric condition that functions as a calciner and a carbonator.X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x-ray spec-troscopy characterization were conducted to analyse the changes in the experimental *** results demonstrated that the reactor configuration was capable of performing the calcination process,which converted CaCO_(3) to calcium hydroxide[Ca(OH)_(2)],as well as the carbonation process,which captured carbon and converted it back to CaCO_(3).Parametric analysis was performed on both reactions,including pressure,temperature,duration,particle size and reaction *** results show that the limestone obtained from all sites can be used as the sorbents for the calcium-looping process with an average reactivity of 59.01%.Limestone from cement plants in various parts of Indonesia has the potential to be used as carbon sorbents in calcium-looping *** a similar CO_(2) concentration as the flue gas of 16.67%,the experimental results show that Bayah limestone has the maximum reactivity,as shown by the highest carbon-content a

关键词： CO_(2)emissions cement industry carbon capture calcium looping calcination carbonation

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Thermoelastic rotating contact of an FGM coating with temperature-dependent and arbitrary varying properties

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2023年第4期66卷 1038-1049页

作者： ZHOU JiaLin SHEN Fei LIU Jing EL-BORGI Sami KE LiaoLiang Department of Mechanics School of Mechanical EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China College of Engineering Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070Chin Mechanical Engineering Program Engineering BuildingTexas A&M University at QatarP.O.Box 23874Qatar

This paper investigates the frictional thermoelastic contact of a rigid spherical punch and functionally graded material(FGM)coated half-space with arbitrarily varying material *** material parameters include the elastic modulus,Poisson’s ratio,heat conduction parameter,and thermal expansion *** material parameters of the FGM coating and half-space are assumed to be temperature *** spherical punch is rotated in the FGM-coated half-space at a constant angular *** generated frictional heat is related to the friction coefficient,contact radius,angular velocity,and contact pressure.A theoretical formula for the thermoelastic rotating contact problem is established and solved using the finite element *** main objective of this paper is to investigate the effects of temperature dependence,gradient index,friction coefficient,angular velocity,and gradient form on the surface temperature and stresses.

关键词： rotating punch frictional heat functionally graded materials temperature dependence arbitrary properties

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Investigation of Austempering Effect on Fatigue Crack Growth of AISI 4140 Steel

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Defect and Diffusion Forum 2024年 431卷 115-120页

作者： Badaruddin, Mohammad Ainnayah, Reza Annisa Wijaya, Rizqy Nurully Sumardi, Slamet Lampung Selatan Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Lampung Indonesia Undergraduate Study Program at the Department of M echanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Lampung Indonesia

The compact tension (CT) and tensile specimens of the AISI 4140 steel in cold rolling condition (untreated steel) were austempered by immersing it into the salt bath at 362℃ for 60 minutes. The tensile strength properties and the fatigue crack growth (FCG) resistance were performed to investigate the effect of the austempering process in AISI 4140 steel. A significant increase in the yield strength for austempered steel is about 8.7 % and the elastic strain energy increases by 55.7 %. Austempered steel's fatigue crack cycle is longer than that of untreated steel. Data of stress intensity factor range (ΔK, MPa.m1/2) and FCG rate (da/dN, m/cycle) was constructed in double log plot x-y axes for determining the materials constants m and C according to Paris’s law equation using a linear regression method. From the curve of ΔK versus da/dN, the constant m value for austempered steel (m = 3.45) shows better resistance than untreated steel (m = 3.77). On the other hand, the constant C value of 1.409×10-12 for austempered steel is one order magnitude higher than that of untreated steel (C = 4.151×10-13). The resistance of austempered steel against fatigue crack growth can be attributed to the formation of a bainite structure. © 2024 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.

关键词： Stress intensity factors

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Surface Roughness Analysis and Optimization for ST 37 Steel in Lathe Operation using Design of Experiments Method 3

Surface Roughness Analysis and Optimization for ST 37 Steel ...

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3rd International Symposium on Advances and Innovation in mechanical engineering, ISAIME 2022

作者： Siti Nurrohkayati, Anis Syach, Sabaruddin Takdir, Muhammad Mechanical Engineering Program Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur Indonesia

The machining process is one of the processes used to process steel materials. The value or level of material roughness is one of the values that is considered in the machining process, according to the desired roughness value. One example is in the turning process, spindle speed, depth of feed, and feed motion are factors that can affect the level of roughness of a material. The level of roughness that is not according to demand is one of the problems in the manufacturing industry, especially in the results of the turning process. One of the causes of the discrepancy in the roughness value is because the parameters used are not suitable. Therefore, this study aims to determine the optimal parameters in the turning process to obtain the optimal roughness value, and to determine the parameters that most influence the roughness of the turning process. In this study, ST 37 steel was used. This study used an experimental design method with Orthogonal Array L8. The experiment was carried out with 5 control factors and 3 noise factors. Each factor has 2 levels and is repeated 8 times. In this study using a conventional lathe and for roughness testing using a Surface Roughness Tester. Based on the results of data analysis, the movement factor has the highest influence on the surface roughness value. The ranking factors that affect the roughness value are as follows: spindle speed of 345 rpm, feed motion of 0.051 mm/rad, depth of cut 1 mm, dry cooling, and automatic sledding. The Design of Experiments (Taguchi) method use quality characteristics to determine the results of the analysis. In this study, the quality characteristic is smaller the better. Smaller the better characteristics is where the smaller value, then better the quality. In variations of the spindle rotation speed and feed motion, we get where if the spindle speed is high and the feed motion is low it will produce a low level of roughness, whereas if the spindle speed is low and the feed movement is high it

关键词： Surface roughness

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Modeling Public Concerns for Unmanned Aerial System Operations in the National Airspace System

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Journal of Air Transportation 2024年第1期32卷 3-11页

作者： Philpott, Robert Winer, Eliot Iowa State University AmesIA50010 United States Department of Aerospace Engineering Human Computer Interaction Program United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Human Computer Interaction Program United States

The Unites States commercial unmanned aerial system (UAS) market was valued at $99.6 million in 2020 and is projected to reach $3.7 billion by 2030. Applications for these commercial UAS range from risk mitigation and surveillance to package delivery. Coupled with these emerging applications are the unique factors that arise with a commercial UAS’s compact size and low-altitude flights among the civilian populace. In this work, a value model was created to attempt to aid in determining the infringement of aUAS operation configuration on a civilian environment. Value functions were developed in an additive model that measures infringement (a UAS’s encroachment or trespass on a right or privilege of a civilian) based on these attributes. The resulting value model was tested by running 100,000 random simulations. Analysis of the simulation results and sensitivity analysis of the model showed that fleet size, proximity, duration of the operation within a certain proximity, and total operation duration were the attributes that drove a UAS operation’s infringement on an environment. A use case of an Amazon delivery application was then examined. This is a realistic scenario simulated to study if duration of an operation and time near a structure are kept to a minimum, the infringement of an operation remained low. This study provides initial determination of how infringement of UAS can be quantified and what infringement values may look like for different operational scenarios. © 2023 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sensitivity analysis

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