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Endothelial dysfunction promotes age-related reorganization of collagen fibers and alters aortic biomechanics in mice

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American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2025年第4期328卷 H900-H914页

作者： Du, Liya Rodgers, Jeffrey Gharraee, Nazli Gary, Olivia Shazly, Tarek Eberth, John F. Lessner, Susan M. Biomedical Engineering Program College of Engineering and Computing University of South Carolina Columbia SC United States College of Arts and Sciences University of South Carolina Columbia SC United States Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy School of Medicine University of South Carolina Columbia SC United States Biomedical Engineering Science and Health Systems Drexel University Philadelphia PA United States

Endothelial dysfunction, defined as a reduction in the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), is a risk factor for the occurrence and progression of various vascular diseases. This study investigates the effect of endothelial dysfunction on age-related changes in aortic extracellular matrix (ECM) microstructure and the relationship between microstructural adaptation and the mechanical response. Here, we used groups of NOS3 knockout (KO), NOS3 heterozygotes (Het), and wild-type (WT) B6 mice (controls) to study changes in hemodynamic parameters, collagen fiber organization, and both active and passive aortic mechanics using biaxial pressure myography over a time course from 1.5 to 12 mo. Our results show that homeostatic levels of passive circumferential stress and stretch were preserved in KO mice by remodeling adventitial collagen fibers toward a more predominantly circumferential direction with age, rather than by increased fibrosis, in response to hypertension induced by endothelial dysfunction. However, passive aortic stiffness in KO mice was significantly increased owing to geometrical changes, including significant increases in wall thickness and decreases in inner diameter, and by ECM microstructural reorganization, during this maladaptive vascular remodeling. Furthermore, long-term NO deficiency significantly increased smooth muscle cell (SMC) contractility initially, but this effect was attenuated with age. These findings improve our understanding of microstructural and mechanical changes during the maladaptive vascular remodeling process, demonstrating a role for adventitial collagen fiber reorientation in the response to hypertension. © 2025 The Authors.

关键词： endothelial dysfunction microstructure of extracellular matrix passive and active vascular biomechanics vascular remodeling

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A Design Study on Integrated Complex Coefficient Filters with Peripheral Circuits for Accurate Frequency Response Measurement

IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems

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IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and systems 2025年第1期145卷 16-24页

作者： Shouno, Kazuhiro Sato, Lina Fukagawa, Kanta Tanimoto, Hiroshi Muto, Cosy Division of Information Engineering University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennoudai Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8573 Japan Graduate School of Science and Technology Degree Programs in Systems and Information Engineering Master’s Program in Computer Science University of Tsukuba Japan Kitami Institute of Technology 165 Koen-cho Hokkaido Kitami090-8507 Japan Faculty of Education Nagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki852-8521 Japan

This paper proposes a measurement technique for an integrated complex filter. The proposed method is based on two measurement methods with integrated circuitry for calibration. It is accomplished by applying square waves to an FUT (Filter Under Test) instead of sinusoidal waves or by superposing transfer characteristics obtained by applying a single sinusoidal wave to an FUT. In both of the above methods, the output signal connected to the external measurement equipment via a 50 Ω coaxial cable and so on. In this case, the output signal of the FUT should be amplified by internal or external amplifiers, which degrades the response. However, it is cancelled out by the proposed calibration circuitry with some analog switches. In addition to the above, for the RC polyphase filter, the source resistance and the load capacitance degrade the measurement results and their effect is discussed. The validity of the proposal is confirmed through computer simulation for a third-order RCPF whose passband is 8–40 MHz fabricated by Phenitec 0.6 µm CMOS process. It is shown that the measurement error is −1.10 dB for the square-wave method and −1.00 dB and −0.43 degrees for the superposition method at 40 MHz. © 2025 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.

关键词： Capacitance

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Solar Simulator Prototype With Halogen and Light-Emitting Diode Sources

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Journal of Solar Energy engineering 2025年第4期147卷 041005页

作者： da Cruz, Gustavo P. C. Barreto, Gabriel L. Gómez-Malagón, Luis A. de Lima, Ricardo A. Vital, Caio V. P. Program in Systems Engineering Polytechnic School of Pernambuco https://***/00gtcbp88University of Pernambuco Recife 50720-001PE Brazil Program in Systems Engineering Polytechnic School of Pernambuco University of Pernambuco Recife 50720-001PE Brazil Polytechnic School of Pernambuco University of Pernambuco Recife 50720-001PE Brazil

Hybrid solar simulators (SS) using halogen lamps and light-emitting diodes (LEDs), classified as A for spectral match (SM) and temporal instability (TI), are primarily reported for characterizing small solar cells (⁠160cm2⁠). However, spatial nonuniformity (SNU) reports are rare. This article presents the characterization of a large-area hybrid SS capable of simulating sunlight intensity and spectrum using a combination of ten white LEDs, six halogen lamps, and 12 power LEDs being three blue (⁠450nm⁠), three magenta (⁠750nm⁠), and three infrared (⁠850nm⁠). This setup ensures homogeneous light distribution over a600cm2surface. The proposed SS was characterized according to the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC 60904-9) standard, analyzing SM, SNU, and TI. The obtained values (SM = 1.29, SNU = 1.5%, and TI = 0.17%) classify the simulator as BAA. Electrical characterization of a 5W solar panel (⁠300cm2⁠) was performed via current–voltage (⁠I–V⁠) and power–voltage (⁠P–V⁠) curves under indoor and outdoor conditions. A relative error of less than 4% was found compared to outdoor measurements, making it suitable for photovoltaic device testing. The results demonstrate the feasibility of developing a low-cost SS using incandescent and semiconductor light sources, with the potential for characterizing commercial photovoltaic devices.

关键词： Photovoltaic panels Solar energy Light sources Light-emitting diodes spatial nonuniformity spectral matching photovoltaic characterization engineering prototypes hybrid solar simulator Wavelength Sunlight temporal instability

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Contributions to DC fault ride-through in MTDC meshed grids with MMC stations in grid-forming control considering impacts on AC system stability

Contributions to DC fault ride-through in MTDC meshed grids ...

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22nd IET International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission (ACDC Global 2025)

作者： Filipe Perez Jesús Castellanos Juan-Carlos Gonzalez Abdelkrim Benchaib Lie Xu Architectures & Systems Program Supergrid Institute Lyon France Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of Strathclyde Glasgow UK

ISBN: (数字)9781837242634

DC faults in High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) systems can significantly impact AC grid stability, especially in Multiterminal DC (MTDC) grids. Effective DC Fault Ride-Through (FRT) analysis is crucial for maintaining AC system stability. Initially, a DC fault may manifest as a sudden loss of power input, prompting primary control to restore balance using reserves like FCR and inertia. However, HVDC protection often blocks converters during current peaks, failing to address power imbalances on the AC side. This necessitates coordinated AC-DC grid actions to sustain stability. Grid-Forming (GFM) control in Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs) enhances system operation by providing inertia, voltage support, and reactive power control. However, the role of GFM in DC FRT is underexplored. This paper evaluates DC faults in MTDC systems with GFM converters, considering AC grid characteristics alongside DC-side impacts like submodule energy control and DC voltage regulation. An outer energy control loop and a shift from GFM to Grid-Following (GFL) control are proposed solutions in this paper to improve DC FRT capability and to assure stable operation against DC faults. The findings provide key recommendations for enhancing DC FRT in MTDC grids with GFM converters, emphasizing control and protection integration.

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Evaluation of Cuffless Blood Pressure Estimation Accuracy at Each Heartbeat During Exercise 6th

Evaluation of Cuffless Blood Pressure Estimation Accuracy a...

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6th International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics, ICBHI 2024

作者： Ono, Kouki Maeda, Yuka Yoshimura, Takumi Huang, Ming Tamura, Toshiyo Master’s Program in Intelligent and Mechanical Interaction Systems University of Tsukuba Tsukuba305-8577 Japan Institute of Systems and Information Engineering University of Tsukuba Tsukuba305-8577 Japan Medical and Welfare Engineering Tokyo Metropolitan College of Industrial Technology Tokyo116-8523 Japan School of Data Science Nagoya City University Nagoya467-8501 Japan Future Robotics Organization Waseda University Tokyo169-8050 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9783031863226

Continuous blood pressure monitoring is crucial because of its dynamic nature, influenced by factors such as physical activity and mental stress. Although cuffless blood pressure estimation is a promising technique for continuous monitoring, its accuracy during drastic fluctuations, especially during exercise, remains insufficiently validated. In this study, we evaluated a simple Pulse Arrival Time based blood pressure estimation method and several improved methods for sharp fluctuations induced by exercise. Sixteen subjects in the experiment, with data from 13 valid for analysis. The proposed method achieved an average correlation of 0.527 in systolic blood pressure, suggesting that cuffless blood pressure estimation could be applied to estimate continuous blood pressure variability during exercise. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Blood pressure

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Response of unsteady thermocapillary convection to local heating at specific depths in a thin liquid film

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Chemical engineering Science 2025年 314卷

作者： Kudo, Masaki Igarashi, Keita Mechanical Systems Engineering Program Monozukuri Engineering Department Tokyo Metropolitan College of Industrial Technology 10-40 Higashi-oi 1-chome Tokyo Shinagawa City140-0011 Japan

A hydrothermal wave (HTW) refers to a flow pattern that arises during unsteady thermocapillary convection, negatively impacting the purity of single crystals during zone melting. This study utilized active control through localized heating to reduce HTW amplitude, akin to noise cancellation. The effectiveness of this method was evaluated both experimentally and numerically by adjusting the heating depth in a thin liquid film. Silicone oil served as the test fluid, and the liquid film was rectangular in shape. In the case of linear time-periodic heating, a line-shaped heater applied a constant maximum heat input, synchronized with the HTW's period. Experimental results indicated that HTW amplitude significantly depends on the heating depth of the liquid film. Downstream of the HTW, temperature amplitude could be reduced by up to 60%, whereas upstream, it could be amplified. In numerical simulations, HTW reduction and amplification were linked to substantial changes in the streamwise temperature gradient on the free surface, rather than to local cancellation of the temperature disturbance. Unlike the results from single-pulse heating control, the amplitude ratio showed a strong dependence on whether the heat input significantly affected the streamwise thermal and flow fields. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Liquid films

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Decarbonizing the Food System with Microbes and Carbon-Neutral Feedstocks

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Annual Review of Food Science and Technology 2025年第1期16卷 81-104页

作者： Mahmud, Niaz Taiwo, Kayode J. Usack, Joseph G. Sustainable Food Systems Engineering Group Department of Food Science and Technology University of Georgia AthensGA United States Food and Nutritional Sciences Program North Carolina A&T State University GreensboroNC United States New Materials Institute University of Georgia AthensGA United States Institute for Integrative and Precision Agriculture University of Georgia AthensGA United States

Harnessing CO2 and CO2-derived C1-C2 compounds for microbial food production can mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and boost sustainability within the food sector. These innovative technologies support carbon neutrality by generating nutrient-rich edible microbial biomass and biocompounds using autotrophic and heterotrophic microbes. However, qualifying microbial food viability and future impacts in the food sector remains challenging due to their diversity, technical complexity, socioeconomic forces, and incipient markets. This review provides an overview of microbial food systems and then delves into the technical interplay among feedstocks, microbes, carbon fixation platforms, bioreactor operations, and downstream processes. The review further explores developing markets for microbial food products, the industrial landscape, economic drivers, and emerging trends in next-generation food products. The analysis suggests a transformative shift in the food industry is underway, yet significant challenges persist, such as securing cost-effective feedstocks, improving downstream processing efficiency, and gaining consumer acceptance. These challenges require innovative solutions and collaborative efforts to ensure the future commercial success of microbial foods - doing so will create myriad opportunities to transform and decarbonize our food system. © 2025 by the author(s).

关键词： Feedstocks

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Generative assistant for digital twin simulations 12

Generative assistant for digital twin simulations

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12th CIRP Global Web Conference, CIRPe 2024

作者： Boareto, Pedro Antonio De Freitas Rocha Loures, Eduardo Portela Santos, Eduardo Alves Deschamps, Fernando Industrial and Systems Engineering Graduate Program Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná 1155 Imaculada Conceição St. Paraná Curitiba80215-901 Brazil Federal University of Paraná 632 Prefeito Lothário Meissner Av. Paraná Curitiba80210-170 Brazil

One of the key emerging technologies in Industry 4.0 is the Digital Twin (DT). Although it promises increased efficiency, productivity, and innovation, its adoption faces challenges such as high investment costs and the need for workforce requalification. Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) emerges as a promising solution, offering capabilities to accelerate development processes and reduce costs. This study aims to leverage GAI to enhance the development of DT and support decision-making in industrial environments by proposing a Generative Assistant for Digital Twin Simulations (GADTS). This proposal generates operational models quickly, offers greater customization, and facilitates the creation of efficient scenario simulations in natural language. The proposal was tested with artificial data. As a result, the development of highly personalized DT simulations with Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) was entirely abstracted into natural language requests. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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Towards an Integration of Augmented Reality in Industrial Assembly Processes: Issues and Perspectives

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Procedia Computer Science 2025年 253卷 1063-1072页

作者： Bruno J. Souza Anderson L. Szejka Roberto Z. Freire Industrial and Systems Engineering Graduate Program Pontifical Catholic University of Parana (PUCPR) Curitiba 80215-901 Brazil Federal University of Technology – Parana (UTFPR) Curitiba 80050-540 Brazil

The evolution of manufacturing has led to Industry 5.0, where human creativity is integrated with advanced technology to achieve efficient and sustainable production. Given the high volume and diversity of assembly tasks, operator assistance systems have become essential tools in the industry, leveraging augmented reality (AR) and other new technologies. This literature review specifically examines 19 papers on AR applications within the context of industrial assembly tasks. The review focuses on identifying the types of AR technologies utilized, the methodologies for implementing AR systems in assembly, and the primary limitations and challenges encountered. The findings indicate a growing field with promising applications in assembly, training, and maintenance, predominantly using AR glasses. Furthermore, a gap is identified indicating the absence of a standardized framework for AR-based assembly assistance systems. Future research should aim at creating a foundational framework for AR system implementation, thereby accelerating the adoption of innovative technologies in the industry.

关键词： Industry 5.0 augmented reality assembly assistance

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Generative a bistant for digital twin simulations 1

Generative a bistant for digital twin simulations

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1st International Conference on Digital Sovereignty, ICDS 2024

作者： Boareto, Pedro Antonio De Freitas Rocha Loures, Eduardo Portela Santos, Eduardo Alves Deschamps, Fernando Industrial and Systems Engineering Graduate Program Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná 1155 Imaculada Conceição St. Curitiba Paraná80215-901 Brazil Federal University of Paraná 632 Prefeito Lothário Mei bner Av. Curitiba Paraná80210-170 Brazil

One of the key emerging technologies in Industry 4.0 is the Digital Twin (DT). Although it promises increased efficiency, productivity, and innovation, its adoption faces challenges such as high investment costs and the need for workforce requalification. Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) emerges as a promising solution, offering capabilities to accelerate development proce bes and reduce costs. This study aims to leverage GAI to enhance the development of DT and support decision-making in industrial environments by proposing a Generative A bistant for Digital Twin Simulations (GADTS). This proposal generates operational models quickly, offers greater customization, and facilitates the creation of efficient scenario simulations in natural language. The proposal was tested with artificial data. As a result, the development of highly personalized DT simulations with Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) was entirely abstracted into natural language requests. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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