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Design and optimization of a fluid flow splitting device for low-flow applications

SLAS Technology 2025年 32卷 100305页

作者： Yates, Alexis K. Murray, Heather N. Lippmann, Ethan S. Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN United States Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN United States

Microfluidic devices are defined by the application of fluid flow to micron-scale features. Inherent to most experiments involving microfluidic devices is the need to precisely and reproducibly control fluid flow at the microliter scale, often through multiple inlet ports on a single device. While the number of fluid channels per device varies, perfusing multiple inputs requires either the use of multiple flow controllers (often syringe or peristaltic pumps) or the ability to evenly divide fluid across outlets. Towards the latter approach, while a handful of commercial systems exist for splitting fluid flow, these set-ups require significant financial investment, multiple flow control and sensing components, and restrict the user to a predetermined perfusion control system. Simple in-line splitting devices, such a manifolds or T junctions, fail to achieve flow splitting at low flow rates often used in microfluidic systems. To increase capabilities for flow-controlled experiments, we performed experimental analyses of the physical considerations governing even flow splitting under low flow, leading to the design of a microdevice (µ-Split) that can be directly inserted into existing microfluidic set-ups. The µ-Split allows for reproducible, even flow splitting from 10 uL/min to > 2.5 mL/min. By testing multiple device geometries in combination with multiphysics simulations, we identified the design and fabrication features underlying the splitting precision achieved by the µ-Split. Overall, this work provides a useful tool to simplify microfluidic experiments that require evenly divided flow streams, while minimizing the overall device footprint. © 2025

关键词： Microfluidics

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Study on the Flow, Foaming Characteristics and Structural Strength of Polypropylene Structural Foam Injection Molding by Innovative Nitrogen and Molten Plastic Mixing Mechanism

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Polymers 2023年第9期15卷 2116-2116页

作者： Huang, Po-Wei Peng, Hsin-Shu Hwang, Sheng-Jye Huang, Chao-Tsai Program of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering Feng Chia University of Engineering and Science Taichung407102 Taiwan Department of Mechanical and Computer Aided Engineering Feng Chia University of Engineering and Science Taichung407102 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Cheng Kung University of Engineering Tainan70101 Taiwan Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Tamkang University of Engineering New Taipei City251301 Taiwan

Plastic foam molding methods include thermoforming, extrusion and injection molding. Injection foam molding is a one-time molding method with high production efficiency and good product quality. It is suitable for foamed plastic products with complex shapes and strict size requirements. It is also the main method for producing structural bubbles. In this investigation, we developed a structural foam injection molding technology using the gas supply equipment connected to the unique plasticizing mechanism of the injection machine and studied its influence on the specimens’ melt rheology quality and foam structures. In the experiment, the forming material was polypropylene (PP), and the gas for mixing/forming foaming characteristics was nitrogen (N2). Additionally, in order to observe the rheological properties of N2/melt mixing, a melt flow specimen mold cavity was designed and the change in the melt viscosity index was observed using a melt pressure sensing element installed at the nozzle position. With the nitrogen supply equipment connected to a unique plasticizing mechanism, the mixing of gas and molten plastic can be achieved at the screw plasticizing stage, where the foaming effect is realized during the melt-filling process due to the thermodynamic instability of the gas. It was also found that an increase in N2 fill content increased melt fluidity, and the trend of melt pressure and melt viscosity index showed that the higher the gas content, the lower the trend. The foaming characteristic depends on the gas thermodynamic instability and the pressure release, so it can be seen from the melt fill path that, the greater the pressure near the gate, the lower the foaming amount and the internal structure (SEM) after molding;the farther from the gate, the greater the relative increase in the foaming growth/amount. This phenomenon will be more obvious when the N2 fill content is increased. © 2023 by the authors.

关键词： Gases

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Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Chitosan and Quince Seed Gum Polyelectrolytes as a Ph-Responsive, On-Off Switchable Multilayer Film for Controlled Release of Ibuprofen

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Kaviani, Alireza Pircheraghi, Gholamreza Bagheri, Reza Azizi Saadatlou, Ghazaleh Demirel, A. Levent Department of Materials Science and Engineering Sharif University of Technology P.O. Box: 11365‐9466 Tehran Iran Materials Science & Engineering Graduate Program Koç University Sarıyer Istanbul34450 Turkey Chemistry Department Koç University Sarıyer Istanbul34450 Turkey

Polysaccharide-based multilayer films have shown substantial potential for drug delivery application. Herein, polyelectrolyte multilayers using Chitosan (CS) and Quince seed gum (QSG) are constructed and the effects of assembly pH, salt concentration, and post-assembly pH are systematically investigated. It was evident that both mass per unit area (10000 ng/cm2) and the wet thickness (107.8 nm) after the deposition of 5 bilayers were accurately estimated by viscoelastic model due to the highly swollen state of films. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) could feasibly demonstrate the development of globular structures during the layer-by-layer assembly. Ellipsometry analysis showed that the variation assembly pH resulted in conformational changes from extended to coiled. Consequently, different optical thicknesses as well as transitions from exponential to linear growth were observed. Moreover, extrinsic charge compensation was responsible for coiling or extensive counterion screening of polyelectrolyte chains depending on the NaCl concentration. CS/QSG films displayed pH-stimulus on–off switching behavior in pH 2 and 7.4 for 3 cycles. The constructed film could absorb 1200 ng/cm2 within 60 min at pH 7.4. The in vitro release kinetic from IBF-loaded samples showed pH dependency. The CS/QSG multilayer film can be considered as a smart and tunable pH stimuli system for drug loading/release applications. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Chitosan

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Autonomous Electron Tomography Reconstruction Using Bayesian Optimization

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Microscopy and microanalysis : the official journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada 2023年第1期29卷 1915-1916页

作者： Millsaps, William Schwartz, Jonathan Di, Zichao Wendy Jiang, Yi Hovden, Robert Department of Nuclear Engineering Radiological Sciences University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States Mathematics and Computer Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL United States Advanced Photon Source Facility Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL United States Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States

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Quaternary ammonium-functionalized polysilsesquioxanes for antifogging coating

RSC Applied Polymers

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RSC Applied Polymers 2024年第1期3卷 92-96页

作者： Hamada, Takashi Sugimoto, Tetsuya Tanaka, Arata Maeda, Tetsuya Katsura, Daiji Koga, Hiroyuki Ohshita, Joji Collaborative Research Laboratory Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University 1-4-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8527 Japan Quantum Materials and Applications Research Center Takasaki Institute for Advanced Quantum Science National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST) 1233 Watanuki-machi Takasaki Gunma 370-1292 Japan Technical Research Center Mazda Motor Corporation Aki-gun Hiroshima 730-8670 Japan Smart Innovation Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University 1-4-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8527 Japan Division of Materials Model-Based Research Digital Monozukuri (Manufacturing) Education and Research Center Hiroshima University 3-10-32 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-0046 Japan

Aiming to develop antifogging materials with enhanced antifogging properties and scratch resistance, polysilsesquioxane films containing quaternary ammonium groups were prepared via a sol-gel reaction and quaternization. Owing to their high water uptake, scratch hardness, and transparency, the prepared quaternary ammonium-functionalized polysilsesquioxane films are promising for application in antifogging coatings. © 2025 RSC.

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Assessment of the Statistical Performance of Chemical Transport Model studies in India

ACS ES&T Air

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ACS ES&T Air 2024年第12期1卷 1519-1530页

作者： Rishi Shandilya Pranav Chaudhari Srinidhi Balasubramanian Environmental Science and Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai India 400 076 Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai India 400 076

India’s public health is seriously endangered by air pollution and linked to ∼0.8–0.98 million and 0.17 million premature deaths annually from chronic exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone, respectively. Air quality forecasting tools are needed to assess the spatiotemporal variability of air pollutants and evaluate the impact of potential mitigation measures. Gridded concentrations of PM2.5and ozone are typically derived from first principle models called Chemical Transport Models (CTMs). Widespread application of CTMs, particularly for regulatory purposes, requires an understanding of model performance in comparison with observation data. A landscape approach that systematically reviews CTM model predictions and proposes benchmarks for assessing model performance can offer a way forward to build confidence in CTM-backed forecasting tools. Following similar efforts in the United States and China, we systematically shortlisted and examined model performance outcomes for 46 CTM studies reporting PM2.5and ozone predictions in India between 2008 and 2023. The reported statistical metrics for each pollutant (normalized mean bias (NMB), normalized mean error (NME), coefficient of correlation (r), and index of agreement (IOA) were rank ordered to identify two types of benchmarks: “goals” (highest achievable model accuracy based on top one-third performing studies) and “criteria” (typical model accuracy based on the top two-third performing studies). The identified goal performance for PM2.5was 17% (NMB), 34% (NME), and 0.67 (r), and ozone was 14% (NMB), 43% (NME), and 0.89 (r). These benchmarks are less restrictive than those reported for the United States and China. This highlights the need for the CTM community to coalesce around a common set of practices in evaluating CTMs. Additionally, complementary efforts in developing representative emissions inventories and including air pollution data from the expanding observational networks are required to update suc

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High-performance asymmetric supercapacitor device with nickel-cobalt bimetallic sites encapsulated in multilayered nanotubes

Energy Advances

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Energy Advances 2023年第10期2卷 1650-1659页

作者： Patil, Rahul Pradhan, Lingaraj Matsagar, Babasaheb M. Agrawal, Omnarayan Wu, Kevin C.-W. Jena, Bikash Kumar Dutta, Saikat Electrochemical Energy & Sensor Research Laboratory Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research & Studies Amity University Noida India Materials Chemistry Department CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology Bhubaneswar 751013 India Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Yuan Ze University Taoyuan Chung-Li Taiwan

Enhanced faradaic capacitance can be achieved by using a metallic heterostructure as a result of the intrinsic activity of the electrodes. Optimizing the multimetallic heterostructure is key to improving the intrinsic activity of the electrodes. Herein, a consolidated strategy of a multimetallic design with predominantly nickel, cobalt, and zinc centers on multiwalled nanotubes was developed via pyrolysis of a trimetallic metal-organic framework at 800 °C. The resulting C-ZIF-800 material offers a multiwalled nanotube-like structure that facilitates the encapsulation of multimetallic sites with predominantly nickel and cobalt centers on a nanotube-like N-C interface. XRD, HRTEM, XPS, and EXAFS spectroscopic analysis support the metallic valence state of the Ni and Co centers encapsulated in the N-C nanotubes. C-ZIF-800 offers an outstanding specific capacitance of 849.47 F g⁻¹ at a current density of 1 A g⁻¹. Based on three-electrode electrochemical measurements, an asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device (C-ZIF-800//AC) was fabricated with a wide potential window of 1.7 V. The device offers an excellent specific capacity of 599.7 C g⁻¹ at 0.25 A g⁻¹ with an exceptional energy density of 141.59 W h kg⁻¹ at a power density of 212.5 W kg⁻¹, and remaining 4250 W kg⁻¹ after retaining 81.93 W h kg⁻¹ of energy density. The as-fabricated device demonstrated its excellent potential for future energy storage applications by illuminating a red LED light for 60 min by combining two devices in series. © 2023 RSC.

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Evidence of magnetoelectronic electromagnon-mediated transport in flexoelectronic heterostructures

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Physical Review B 2023年第16期107卷 165305-165305页

作者： Anand Katailiha Paul C. Lou Ravindra G. Bhardwaj W. P. Beyermann Sandeep Kumar Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California Riverside California 92521 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California Riverside California 92521 USA Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California Riverside California 92521 USA

The superposition of atomic vibrations and flexoelectronic effect gives rise to a cross correlation between free charge carriers and temporal magnetic moment of phonons in conducting heterostructures under an applied strain gradient. The resulting dynamical coupling is expected to give rise to quasiparticle excitations called magnetoelectronic electromagnons that carry electronic charge and temporal magnetic moment. Here, we report experimental evidence of magnetoelectronic electromagnons in the freestanding degenerately doped p-Si based heterostructure thin film samples. These quasiparticle excitations give rise to long-distance (>100 μm) spin transport, demonstrated using spatially modulated transverse magnetothermoelectric and nonlocal resistance measurements. The magnetoelectronic electromagnons are nonreciprocal and give rise to large magnetochiral anisotropy (0.352A−1T−1) that diminishes at lower temperatures. The superposition of nonreciprocal magnetoelectronic electromagnons gives rise to longitudinal and transverse modulations in charge carrier density, spin density, and magnetic moment, demonstrated using the Hall effect and edge dependent magnetoresistance measurements, which can also be called inhomogeneous magnetoelectronic multiferroic effect. These quasiparticle excitations are analogous to photons where time dependent polarization and temporal magnetic moment replace electric and magnetic field, respectively, and most likely topological because they manifest topological Nernst effect. Hence, the magnetoelectronic electromagnon can potentially give rise to quantum interference and entanglement effects in conducting solid state systems at room temperature in addition to efficient spin transport.

关键词： Flexoelectricity Magnetic coupling Magnetotransport Spin current Spin-phonon coupling Doped semiconductors Multiferroics

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Optothermal multimodal manipulation of micro/nanoparticles

Optothermal multimodal manipulation of micro/nanoparticles

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Hongru Ding Pavana Siddhartha Kollipara Kan Yao Yuebing Zheng Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA

We report a new optical platform to achieve on-demand multimodal manipulation of micro/nanoparticles by a synergy of optical and thermal forces.

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

We report a new optical platform to achieve on-demand multimodal manipulation of micro/nanoparticles by a synergy of optical and thermal forces.

关键词： Laser beams Nanoparticles Optical force Optical manipulation Optical tweezers Spatial resolution

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Moderate-Refractive-Index Mie Resonators for Versatile Modulation of Two-Dimensional Excitons

Moderate-Refractive-Index Mie Resonators for Versatile Modul...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Jie Fang Yuebing Zheng Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA

By coupling well-designed moderate-refractive-index Mie resonators to monolayer semiconductors, we have demonstrated efficient modulation of two-dimensional excitons in multiple dimensions: far-field excitonic radiati... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Excitons Mie resonances Mie theory Optical resonators Refractive index Semiconductors

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