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Energy and Built Environment 2025年第4期6卷 689-703页

作者： Cao, Lei Wang, Yi Huang, Yanqiu Guo, Shengnan Guo, Junwei Zheng, Yingke School of Building Services Science and Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an710055 China State Key Laboratory of Green Building Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an710055 China

Accurate release rate of the source is a crucial parameter for the refined design of the exhaust system in the industrial buildings. For the heated pollutant sources emitted by strong convection (SCHP source), it is difficult to accurately measure the source release rate with instruments due to inconsistent emission parameters tested at different locations near the source. In this paper, the three-dimensional CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation was used to obtain the hourly concentration of pollutants and to study the applicability of four different regularization methods in the inverse estimation of the release rate of the SCHP source. The influence of the denoising filter and the strong convection of the SCHP source on the accuracy of the inverse estimated source release rate (IESR) was analyzed, and an exhaust flow rate calculation method based on the IESR is proposed. The results show that, compared with the zero-order Tikhonov regularization (ZOTR) and the LSQR methods, the second-order Tikhonov regularization (SOTR) and the truncated SVD (TSVD) methods are more suitable for the inverse estimation of the SCHP source. And it is found that, the introduction of the denoising filter can effectively eliminate the high-frequency or the high-amplitude deviations caused by the regularization method, compared with the SOTR method, the RMSE can be reduced by a maximum of 37.04 %. It is also concluded that the strong convection and the measurement error both have the negative impact on the accuracy of the IESR. Finally, compared to the calculation methods in the existing design manuals, the local exhaust system designed by the IESR method can efficiently capture the pollutants with a 46 % reduction in the exhaust flow rate. This study is useful for the accurately determining the SCHP source release rate and the optimal design of the exhaust system. © 2024

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics

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Hydration Characteristics and Microstructure of Alkali-Activated Slag Concrete: A Review

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engineering 2023年第1期20卷 162-179页

作者： Qiang Fu Mengxin Bu Zhaorui Zhang Wenrui Xu Qiang Yuan Ditao Niu School of Civil Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China State Key Laboratory of Green Building in Western China Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China School of Civil Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410075China

Alkali-activated slag concrete (AASC) is a new green building material. The amount of CO_(2) produced by AASC is 1/5th of that produced by ordinary Portland cement concrete (OPCC). In addition, AASC promotes the reuse of slag and other wastes and saves resources. Furthermore, the scope of use of slag has been expanded. The progress of the research on the hydration characteristics, microstructure, interfacial transition zone, and pore structure of AASC based on the relevant literatures was analyzed and summarized in this study. The influences of the slag composition, the type and dosage of the alkali activator, and the curing conditions on the hydration characteristics and the microstructure of the AASC were discussed. Relatively few research results on the microstructure of AASC are available, and the relevant conclusions are not completely consistent. Moreover, there are many constraints on the development of AASC (e.g., complex composition of raw materials of slag, large shrinkage deformation, and low fluidity). Therefore, further research is required.

关键词： Alkali-activated slag concrete Hydration characteristics Pore structure Inter facial transiti on zone Micr ostructure

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An Innovative Coupled Common-Node Discrete Element Method-Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Model Developed with LS-DYNA and Its Applications

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China Ocean engineering 2024年第3期38卷 467-482页

作者： SHEN Zhong-xiang WANG Wen-qing XU Cheng-yue LUO Jia-xin LIU Ren-wei School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang 212100China College of Harbor Coastal and Offshore EngineeringHohai UniversityNanjing 210098China

In this study,a common-node DEM-SPH coupling model based on the shared node method is proposed,and a fluid–structure coupling method using the common-node discrete element method-smoothed particle hydrodynamics(DS-SPH)method is developed using LS-DYNA *** DEM and SPH are established on the same node to create common-node DEM-SPH particles,allowing for fluid–structure *** simulations of various scenarios,including water entry of a rigid sphere,dam-break propagation over wet beds,impact on an ice plate floating on water and ice accumulation on offshore structures,are *** interaction between DS particles and SPH fluid and the crack generation mechanism and expansion characteristics of the ice plate under the interaction of structure and fluid are also *** results are compared with available data to verify the proposed coupling ***,the simulation results demonstrated that controlling the cutoff pressure of internal SPH particles could effectively control particle splashing during ice crushing failure.

关键词： common-node DEM-SPH fluid-structure interaction discrete element method smoothed particle hydrodynamics

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Probabilistic Response and Short-Term Extreme Load Estimation of Offshore Monopile Wind Turbine Towers by Probability Density Evolution Method

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China Ocean engineering 2022年第3期36卷 363-371页

作者： ZHANG Hui XU Ya-zhou School of Building Services Science and Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China School of Civil Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China

A new analysis framework based on probability density evolution method(PDEM)and its Chebyshev collocation solution are introduced to predict the dynamic response and short-term extreme load of offshore wind turbine(OWT)towers subjected to random sea *** regard to the stochastic responses,random function method is employed to generate samples of sea elevation,the probability density evolution equation(PDEE)is solved to calculate time-variant probability density functions of structural *** the probabilistic load estimation,a FAST model of NREL 5MW offshore turbine is established to obtain samples of bending moment at the tower *** equivalent extreme event theory is used to construct a virtual stochastic process(VSP)to assess the short-term extreme *** results indicate that the proposed approach can predict time-variant probability density functions of the structural responses,and shows good agreement with Monte Carlo ***,the predicted short-term extreme load can capture the fluctuation at the tail of the extreme value distribution,thus is more rational than results from the typical distribution ***,the proposed method shows good adaptation,precision and efficiency for the dynamic response analysis and load estimation of OWT towers.

关键词： offshore wind turbine probability density evolution method Chebyshev collocation matrix exponential Monte Carlo

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CFD–DEM simulation of particle deposition characteristics of pleated air filter media based on porous media model

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Particuology 2023年第1期72卷 37-48页

作者： Kaiwen Cheng Jingjing Zhu Fuping Qian Bowen Cao Jinli Lu Yunlong Han School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Anhui University of TechnologyMa'anshan 243002China School of Energy and Environment Anhui University of TechnologyMa'anshan 243002China

In this study, the three-dimensional physical model of pleated air filtration media was simplified to porous media model, and the calculation parameters of porous media were obtained based on experimental data. The model of V-shaped pleated air filter media is constructed, the height of the media pleat is 50 mm and the pleat thickness is 4 mm, the pleat angle is 3.7°. The Hertz-Mindlin contact model was modified by Johnson Kendall Roberts (JKR) adhesion contact model. The deposition process of particles in media was simulated based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) theory and discrete element method (DEM). Results show that the CFD–DEM coupling method can be effectively applied to the macro research of pleated air filter media. The particles will form dust layer and dendrite structure on the fiber surface, and the dust layer will affect the subsequent air flow organization, and the dendrite structure will eventually form a “particle wall”. The formation of the “particle wall” will prevent the particles from moving further in the fluid domain, which makes area of pleated angle become the “low efficiency” part about the particle deposition. Compared with area of pleated angle, the particles are concentrated in the opening area and the middle area of the pleated to agglomerate and deposit.

关键词： Pleated air filter media CFD-DEM Air distribution Deposition characteristics

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Research on Predicting Economic Indicators of Public-Private Partnership Projects through Case-Based Reasoning

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IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics 2025年第3期55卷 565-574页

作者： Zhang, Xiaofu Feng, Nianqing School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Digital Intelligent Building and Low Carbon Building Materials Anyang Normal University Anyang455000 China School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Anyang Normal University Anyang455000 China

This study aims to address the issues faced by social capital during the preliminary decision-making stage of tracking and bidding for Public-Private Partnership (PPP) projects, which are characterized by tight schedules, heavy workloads, low efficiency in financial estimation, and varying quality of the results. This study identifies and analyzes the main factors affecting the economic indicators of PPP projects and develops a model to predict these indicators through case-based reasoning. Furthermore, candidate cases that closely resemble the target project are selected from reliable and representative PPP projects previously implemented by the company. Key feature factors closely related to the economic indicators are used to predict the target case’s investment net profit margin. The results show that this model is simple and more practical compared to other methods. It is particularly suitable for helping social capital perform financial calculations rapidly and efficiently during the preliminary decision-making stage of PPP projects. © (2025), (International Association of Engineers). All rights reserved.

关键词： Decentralized finance

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Flexibility evaluation and optimal scheduling of flexible energy loads considering association characteristics in residential buildings

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Building Simulation 2025年第2期18卷 423-447页

作者： Xi Luo Tingting Li Hui Wu Yupan Wang School of Building Services Science and Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an710055China State Key Laboratory of Green Building Xi’an710055China

The existing researches on the flexibility evaluation and optimal scheduling of flexible loads in residential buildings do not fully consider the association characteristics of different loads,resulting in a large deviation between the calculated results and experimental results of optimization scheduling.A flexibility evaluation methodology and an optimization model considering load associations characteristics are proposed for flexible loads in residential *** flexibility ratio,which is the ratio of temporal flexibility considering association characteristics to that without considering association characteristics,is defined in this *** optimization model is solved using the CPLEX solver under three different scenarios,namely,a scenario only considering the temporal overlapping load associations,a scenario only considering the temporal non-overlapping load associations,and a scenario considering both types of load *** was shown that in the residential building case in this study,the cooking loads with association characteristics exhibit less temporal flexibility but higher temporal flexibility ratio of up to 71.21%,while laundry loads exhibit higher temporal flexibility,but their temporal flexibility ratio is only around 36.84%.Additionally,when the users adopted the time of use(TOU)price,their electricity costs under the three considered scenarios increased by 0.00%,7.57%,and 7.57%relative to the scenario without considering load associations,*** installing a 3-kW household photovoltaic system,the electricity costs under the three scenarios increased by 0.00%,1.28%,and 1.28%,*** highlighted in the results,temporal non-overlapping association characteristics greatly affect the optimal scheduling of flexible energy loads,especially under TOU,while temporal overlapping association characteristics have little effect on that.

关键词： renewable energy flexible energy loads loads association characteristics optimal scheduling energy flexibility

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DETAILED GRID MAPPING FOR THE COLD AND HOT WEATHER CONCRETING PERIODS BASED ON THE MESH CLIMATOLOGICAL NORMALS 2020

Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering

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Journal of Structural and Construction engineering 2024年第824期89卷 1082-1091页

作者： Takasugi, Fumiya Nishiwaki, Tomoya Taniguchi, Madoka Fukase, Takayuki Hama, Yukio Ito, Korekiyo Koyama, Tomoyuki Department of Architecture and Building Science Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Japan College of Design and Manufacturing Technology Graduate School Division of Engineering Muroran Institute of Technology Japan Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University of Science Japan Department of Human Information Engineering School of Humanities and Science Tokai University Japan Department of Architecture and Urban Design Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies Kyushu University Japan

The quality of concrete is significantly influenced by the temperature environment before and after casting, requiring temperature-based countermeasures. The guidelines indicate the countermeasure-needed periods for cold and hot weather concreting but are limited to selected reference locations, not always matching individual construction sites. This paper introduces detailed maps created using data from the Mesh Climatological Normals 2020 to depict the countermeasure-needed period of each concreting. The system, which integrated these maps with an internet-based mapping, application was developed to enable rational decisions of the countermeasures-needed periods at individual construction sites from the construction planning stage. © 2024 Architectural Institute of Japan. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mapping

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Prediction of building HVAC energy consumption based on least squares support vector machines

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Energy Informatics 2024年第1期7卷 113页

作者： Wan, Xin Cai, Xiaoling Dai, Lele School of Architecture and Environmental Engineering Wuxi City College of Vocational Technology Wuxi Jiangsu214153 China School of Energy and Power Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China

Air conditioning, as an essential appliance in daily life, has the function of ensuring comfortable room temperature, but it is also accompanied by a large amount of power consumption. Consequently, the study suggests an energy consumption prediction model based on improved genetic algorithm—least squares support vector machine—to accurately predict the energy consumption of building heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. This model uses the improved genetic algorithm for regularization parameter and kernel parameter optimization to prevent overfitting and underfitting issues. According to the testing results, the least squares support vector machine, an upgraded genetic algorithm, may accomplish convergence faster than other algorithms, taking only 0.2 milliseconds to finish. In addition, the average relative error of the improved genetic algorithm- least squares support vector machine did not exceed 0.6%. In the energy consumption prediction for the whole year of 2022, the average error of the improved genetic algorithm-least squares support vector machine was only 2.0 × 106 kWh, and the prediction accuracy could reach up to 97.2%. The above outcomes revealed that the energy consumption prediction model can accurately predict the air conditioning energy consumption, which provides a strong support for the control and optimization of the air conditioning system. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Prediction models

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Parking choice behaviour analysis of rural residents based on the latent variable random forest model

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Transportation Safety and Environment 2024年第3期6卷 167-180页

作者： Minqing Zhu Bo Zhao Hongjun Cui Sheng Yao Feng Xu School of Architecture and Art Design Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300130China School of Civil and Transportation Engineering Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300401China

The imbalance of rural parking supply and demand has a great impact on traffic congestion and environmental pollution,which has attracted the attention of many scholars as well as ***,most of the current research on parking choice focuses on urban business and residential areas rather than on rural parking choice behaviour,and focuses on the analysis of observable factors,ignoring the internal relationship with potential *** study considers the heterogeneity of individuals and uses the random forest(RF)algorithm to construct a model of rural residents’willingness to choose parking with both latent and explicit variables,to explore how much and in what ways individual characteristics and parking characteristics affect rural residents’parking choices,and to explore parking planning programmes and strategies that are truly applicable to rural *** results of the study suggest that the safety and convenience of the parking environment are key factors influencing the parking choice behaviour of rural residents,and can greatly improve the predictive accuracy of the parking willingness *** comparison,it is found that the application of the RF algorithm is also significantly better than the logit model in terms of prediction effect,indicating that there is a nonlinear effect among the factors influencing the parking choice behaviour of rural residents and that the RF model with the addition of latent variables provides a better explanatory ability for the study of the parking choice behaviour of rural residents.

关键词： rural residents parking choice random forest(RF) latent variable SEM-RF model

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