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Real-Time Road Damage Detection and Infrastructure Evaluation Leveraging Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Tiny Machine Learning

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2024年第12期11卷 21347-21358页

作者： Khan, Muhammad Waseem Obaidat, Mohammad S. Mahmood, Khalid Batool, Dania Badar, Hafiz Muhammad Sanaullah Aamir, Muhammad Gao, Wu Comsats University Islamabad Sahiwal Campus Department Of Computer Science Sahiwal57000 Pakistan Superior University Department Of Computer Science Lahore54000 Pakistan The University Of Jordan King Abdullah Ii School Of Information Technology Amman11942 Jordan University Of Science And Technology Beijing School Of Communication And Computing Engineering Beijing100083 China Amity University Amity School Of Engineering And Technology Uttar Pradesh Noida201301 India National Yunlin University Of Science And Technology Graduate School Of Intelligent Data Science Douliu64002 Taiwan University Of Palermo Department Of Engineering Palermo90133 Italy Emerson University Department Of Emerging Computing Technologies Multan60000 Pakistan Northwestern Polytechnical University Center For Bio-Inspired System-on-Chip School Of Computer Science Xi'an710060 China

Road damage detection (RDD) through computer vision and deep learning techniques can ensure the safety of vehicles and humans on the roads. Integrating unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in RDD and infrastructure evaluation (IE) has also emerged as a key enabler, contributing significantly to data acquisition and real-time monitoring of road damages, such as potholes, cracks, and surface anomalies, facilitating proactive maintenance and improved road conditions. These UAVs are low-powered and resource-constrained devices that work autonomously to perform pattern detection and decision making leveraging tiny machine learning (Tiny ML) algorithms. These Tiny ML algorithms are designed to run on edge devices, IoT devices, UAVs, etc. In this study, the RDD2022 data set collected using UAVs and dashboard cameras of vehicles was utilized to train pure and mixed models that exhibit class instance imbalance in certain classes which is addressed by implementing data augmentation as a regularization technique. State-of-the-art two-stage detectors: Faster R-CNN ResNet101 and one-stage detectors: SSD MobileNet V1 FPN, YOLOv5, and Efficientdet D1 are employed. The results indicate that the two-stage detector achieved an impressive mean average precision (mAP) of 88.49% overall and 96.62% for focused classes. Notably, the state-of-the-art Efficientdet D1 approach achieved a competitive mAP of 86.47% overall and 95.12% for focused classes, with significantly lower computational cost. These findings highlight the potential of advanced object detection techniques, particularly Efficientdet D1, to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of RDD systems, thereby improving passenger safety and overall performance. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Object detection

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BuddyBot: AI Powered Chatbot for Enhancing English Language Learning 2

BuddyBot: AI Powered Chatbot for Enhancing English Language ...

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2nd IEEE International Conference on Interdisciplinary Approaches in Technology and Management for Social Innovation, IATMSI 2024

作者： Dhivvya, J.P. Karnati, Sai Bhargav Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amrita School of Computing Center for Wireless Networks and Applications Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kollam Amritapuri India Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amrita School of Computing Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kollam Amritapuri India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350360523

Today, many students are having a hard time learning to speak the English language and the problem is even worse for those in rural areas, where both teachers and resources are rare. We are trying to break this disparity and provide better resources for those in need utilizing Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language Processing (NLP) to contribute to the SDG4 Quality and Inclusive Education. In this paper, we present the idea of how we developed Chatbot named BuddyBot Utilizing OpenAI Generative Pre-Trained Transformer 2 (GPT-2) and Google Text-to-Text Transfer Transformer (FLAN-T5) models. This system incorporates diverse datasets for fine-tuning and specialized tasks in English language learning. BuddyBot follows a five-phase architecture - User interface, Pre-processing, Natural Language Processing (NLP) stack, language generation engine and adaptive learning personalization. The E-Learn web-based interface offers interactive courses with BuddyBot assistance, emphasizing adaptive learning personalization. Dataset preprocessing includes tokenization, sentiment analysis, and specialized formatting. The NLP stack integrates GPT-2 and FLAN-T5 models into the framework, maintaining dialogue structure and personalization. Validation tests reveal model effectiveness, with reduced training loss (0.778 to 0.414 by epoch 8) and increased accuracy (0.810 training, 0.792 validation). Overall, BuddyBot's robust methodology and validation results showcase its efficacy in providing personalized English language learning experiences. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Sentiment analysis

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Event-enhanced synthetic aperture imaging

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第3期68卷 388-390页

作者： Siqi LI Shaoyi DU Jun-Hai YONG Yue GAO Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology School of SoftwareTsinghua University Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences Beijing Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive IntelligenceTsinghua University National Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Hybrid Augmented Intelligence National Engineering Research Center for Visual Information and ApplicationsInstitute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Xi'an Jiaotong University

Synthetic aperture imaging(SAI) methods aim to see through dense occlusions and reconstruct the target scene behind occlusions. Traditional frame-based SAI methods,e.g., DeOccNet [1], take the occluded light field ima...

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P3DC:Reducing DRAM Cache Hit Latency by Hybrid Mappings

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Journal of computer science & Technology 2024年第6期39卷 1341-1360页

作者： Ye Chi Ren-Tong Guo Xiao-Fei Liao Hai-Kun Liu Jianhui Yue National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Wuhan 430074China Services Computing Technology and System Laboratory Wuhan 430074China Cluster and Grid Computing Laboratory Wuhan 430074China School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China School of Big Data and Internet Shenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhen 518118China Department of Computer Science Michigan Technological UniversityHoughton 49931-1295U.S.A.

Die-stacked dynamic random access memory(DRAM)caches are increasingly advocated to bridge the performance gap between the on-chip cache and the main *** fully realize their potential,it is essential to improve DRAM cache hit rate and lower its cache hit *** order to take advantage of the high hit-rate of set-association and the low hit latency of direct-mapping at the same time,we propose a partial direct-mapped die-stacked DRAM cache called *** design is motivated by a key observation,i.e.,applying a unified mapping policy to different types of blocks cannot achieve a high cache hit rate and low hit latency *** address this problem,P3DC classifies data blocks into leading blocks and following blocks,and places them at static positions and dynamic positions,respectively,in a unified set-associative *** also propose a replacement policy to balance the miss penalty and the temporal locality of different *** addition,P3DC provides a policy to mitigate cache thrashing due to block type *** results demonstrate that P3DC can reduce the cache hit latency by 20.5%while achieving a similar cache hit rate compared with typical set-associative caches.P3DC improves the instructions per cycle(IPC)by up to 66%(12%on average)compared with the state-of-the-art direct-mapped cache—BEAR,and by up to 19%(6%on average)compared with the tag-data decoupled set-associative cache—DEC-A8.

关键词： die-stacked dynamic random access memory(DRAM) cache set-associative direct-mapped hit latency

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Incentive Mechanism of Selfish Nodes Based on Energy Optimization and Game Theory

Incentive Mechanism of Selfish Nodes Based on Energy Optimiz...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC 2024

作者： Dong, XiangJia Cheng, Yuan Seah, Winston K. G. Zhang, Feng Xu, Gang College of Computer Science Inner Mongolia University Engineering Research Center of Ecological Big Data Ministry of Education Hohhot China School of Engineering & Computer Science Victoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand School of Computer and Information Technology Shanxi University Taiyuan China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665410205

With the proliferation of mobile intelligent terminals, opportunistic networks have attracted widespread attention as a complementary technology to multi-network convergence. Different from traditional wireless networks, message delivery in opportunistic networks does not rely on a fixed infrastructure, but rather storing messages in a cache and utilizing the movement and encounters of nodes to relay messages. However, in practical application scenarios, nodes have limited storage space and energy and will easily exhibit selfishness. An increase in the number of selfish nodes will drastically degrade the performance of the network. To solve the problem of significant network performance degradation when the number of selfish nodes is high, this paper proposes an Incentive mechanism of Selfish nodes based on Energy optimization and Game Theory (ISEGT). The mechanism abstracts the process of forwarding messages by nodes into a bargaining game process, and selectively forwards messages based on nodes' remaining energy and other circumstances. The experimental results show that the ISEGT mechanism can motivate selfish nodes to actively participate in message forwarding, which improves the success rate of message delivery and the survival rate of nodes, and optimizes the overall performance of the network. © 2024 IEEE.

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Enhanced Ship Classification in SAR Imagery using Fine-tuned DenseNet and Self-attention 15

Enhanced Ship Classification in SAR Imagery using Fine-tuned...

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15th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies, ICCCNT 2024

作者： Chethan, Kosaraju Sai Lokesh, Vadlamudi Reddy, Kunta Vignaj Singh, Rimjhim Padam Srivastava, Smita Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amrita School of Computing Department of Computer Science and Engineering Bengaluru India Defense Research & Development Organization Centre for Artificial Intelligence & Robotics Bengaluru India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350370249

The categorization of ships in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery is vital for civilian and military applications, including maritime management and reconnaissance. Deep learning techniques, such as Inception, DenseNet, Fusion Transformers, and EfficientNet, are used to extract multiscale information from SAR images, improving classification capabilities. Advanced solutions are necessary to address challenges in SAR imagery, such as speckle noise, varying illumination conditions, and complex sea clutter. The FUSAR-Ship dataset, which utilizes GF-3 SAR technology, offers a comprehensive collection of diverse scenarios including sea, land, coast, river, and islands. With over 5000 ship chips containing AIS messages and examples of various clutter types, FUSAR-Ship is a benchmark dataset for ship classification tasks. Our research involves thorough testing of advanced classification models using the FUSAR dataset. Through meticulous evaluation of a wide range of ship instances, scales, and maritime scenes, we aim to demonstrate the robustness and adaptability of these models. By refining their architectures and optimizing their parameters, we strive to enhance the capabilities of classification models and advance the performance of ship classification in SAR imagery. Our efforts contribute to enhancing maritime surveillance, management, and reconnaissance in both civilian and military domains. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： DenseNet201 EfficientNetB1 InceptionV3 MobilenetV3Small RestNet50 Self Attention Ship small object detection Xception

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Continuous query-based data trading 24

Continuous query-based data trading

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2024 ACM SIGMETRICS/IFIP Performance Conference on Measurement and Modeling of computer Systems, SIGMETRICS/PERFORMANCE 2024

作者： Cheng, Jin Ding, Ningning Lui, John C.S. Huang, Jianwei School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Shenzhen China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern University Evanston United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong

ISBN: (纸本)9798400706240

In the era of big data, traditional data trading methods designed for one-time queries on static databases fail to meet the demands of continuous query-based trading on streaming data, often resulting in repeated and inaccurate charges due to neglecting computation sharing in continuous query execution. To address this, we introduce CQTrade, the first trading framework tailored for continuous queries, which incorporates computation sharing across different time windows and queries, enhancing integration with existing trading systems. Our contributions include a theoretical analysis of computation-sharing techniques, the development of a general optimization problem to maximize seller revenue adaptable to various techniques, and the proposal of a branch-and-price algorithm to handle the problem's complexity. Our evaluation shows that the proposed framework improves the success rate of data trading by 12.8% and boosts the seller's revenue by an average of 28.7%, compared to the one-time query-based data trading methods used in the current data market. © 2024 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Integer programming

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Non-Hermitian polarization quantized by time-reversal symmetry

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science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第12期67卷 141-147页

作者： Jing Cheng Jinbing Hu Zhigao Hu Lin Chen Minghui Lu Songlin Zhuang Technical Center for Multifunctional Magneto-Optical Spectroscopy(Shanghai) Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics&Advanced Instrument(Ministry of Education)Department of Physics and Electronic ScienceEast of China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China College of Optical-Electrical Information and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai200093China Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Science and Engineering Nanjing UniversityNanjing210093China

It is well known that in one-dimensional(1D) crystalline insulators,the electric polarization is a manifestation of Berry phase,which can not be quantized by time-reversal symmetry(TRS) as in Hermitian physics TRS does not induce any topological phase in one *** this paper we report that even though associated with complex eigenenergies a 1D non-Hermitian insulator obeying only TRS is capable of presenting quantized bulk *** underlying physical reason is unveiled:TRS guarantees the complex energies to come in pair(E,E*),and the corresponding decaying and amplifying wave functions also come in pair and have the same variation rate,hence,giving rise to a stable wannier *** electron transport is performed by means of charge pumping process,which verifies the physical mechanism *** last,we discuss the possible experimental implementation of the proposed model by means of twisted-π gauge flux.

关键词： non-Hermitian polarization time-reversal symmetry complex hopping

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Pre-Training and Fine-Tuning for Efficient Routing in Opportunistic Networks

Pre-Training and Fine-Tuning for Efficient Routing in Opport...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC 2024

作者： Hao, Jia Wu, Xiaorui Seah, Winston K. G. Zhang, Feng Xu, Gang College of Computer Science Engineering Research Center of Ecological Big Data Inner Mongolia University Ministry of Education Hohhot China School of Engineering & Computer Science Victoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand School of Computer and Information Technology Shanxi University Taiyuan China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665410205

In opportunistic networks, it is a challenge to find the best relay node instead of blindly selecting from among available nodes to forward messages and effectively transmit them to their destinations. By comparing the similarity between nodes, the next hop node that is most similar to the destination node is found in time. Existing node similarity-based opportunistic networks routing algorithms only calculate similarity between nodes according to nodes' properties that can be directly obtained from the network, such as the historical meeting record between nodes, etc. However, this superficial similarity calculation is obviously inadequate to describe the inherent dynamic nature of opportunistic networks at both spatial and temporal levels, and ignores the salient movement characteristics of nodes, resulting in poor routing performance. Therefore, this paper proposes an opportunistic network routing strategy based on pre-training and fine-tuning (PTFT) model. Firstly, an autoencoder is added to the graph neural network model to encode node movement behavior. Then, a pre-training graph neural network model in large scale opportunistic network scenarios is applied to learn potential features of nodes through fine-tuning. Finally, we calculate the similarity between nodes based on the node potential feature, thereby assisting the nodes to achieve an efficient routing decision. The simulation results show that our PTFT-based algorithm not only has superior performance compared to traditional routing algorithms, but also faster learning speed than other machine learning-based routing algorithms. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Routing algorithms

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Monte Carlo Simulation-Based Robust Workflow Scheduling for Spot Instances in Cloud Environments

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Tsinghua science and Technology 2024年第1期29卷 112-126页

作者： Quanwang Wu Jianzhao Fang Jie Zeng Junhao Wen Fengji Luo College of Computer Science Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China College of Big Data and Software Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China School of Civil Engineering The University of SydneySydney 2006Australia

When deploying workflows in cloud environments,the use of Spot Instances(SIs)is intriguing as they are much cheaper than on-demand ***,Sls are volatile and may be revoked at any time,which results in a more challenging scheduling problem involving execution interruption and hence hinders the successful handling of conventional cloud workflow scheduling *** some scheduling methods for Sls have been proposed,most of them are no more applicable to the latest Sls,as they have evolved by eliminating bidding and simplifying the pricing *** study focuses on how to minimize the execution cost with a deadline constraint when deploying a workflow on volatile Sls in cloud *** on Monte Carlo simulation and list scheduling,a stochastic scheduling method called MCLS is devised to optimize a utility function introduced for this *** the Monte Carlo simulation framework,MCLS employs sampled task execution time to build solutions via deadline distribution and list scheduling,and then returns the most robust solution from all the candidates with a specific evaluation mechanism and selection *** results show that the performance of MCLS is more competitive comparedwithtraditionalalgorithms.

关键词： constrained optimization Monte Carlo simulation robustness Spot Instances(Sls) workflow scheduling

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