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Effectiveness of a touch-based hand therapeutic application for hand dexterity in children with handwriting difficulties-a pilot study

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年 1-35页

作者： Smitha, John Renumol, V.G. School of Computer Science and Technology Division of Data Science and Cyber Security Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences Tamil Nadu Coimbatore India School of Engineering Cochin University of Science and Technology Kochi India

Handwriting is an important skill for children during their academic years. It is the coordination of perceptual-motor and cognitive abilities. Some children have difficulties in handwriting, which is an indication of issues in their fine motor skills. Nowadays, technology-based instructions are available to develop fine motor skills in children with handwriting disabilities. This paper describes the details of a newly developed software application namely ‘HanDex’ for children with handwriting difficulties and the experiments conducted to test its effectiveness. The application comprises six hand therapeutic activities which were designed based on the oscillation theory of handwriting. Initially, in the first phase, the experiments were conducted in nine primary school children from various schools, aged 8–12 years. Then, in the second phase, the software training was given to six upper primary school children (10–12 years) with handwriting issues. The results of using this application were promising. So one more study was conducted in another set of nine children (8–11 years) with handwriting difficulties. The participants were assessed by their special educators, class teachers and parents. After the pretest, they received a total of 18 handwriting practice sessions using this new application. At the end of the training sessions, a post test was conducted, to measure the progress in handwriting. The handwriting rubrics with eight handwriting parameters such as letter formation, placement, letter sizing, spacing of letters, legibility, speed, neatness, and spacing of words were used for handwriting assessment. The findings from the study suggested that touch-based hand therapeutic activities were beneficial for children with writing difficulties to improve their handwriting performance and tripod grip. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Children with handwriting difficulties Hand Dexterity Handwriting performance and tripod grip Tablet computer ‘HanDex’ Software

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Deep Learning Models Based on Weakly Supervised Learning and Clustering Visualization for Disease Diagnosis

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第9期76卷 2649-2665页

作者： Jingyao Liu Qinghe Feng Jiashi Zhao Yu Miao Wei He Weili Shi Zhengang Jiang School of Computer and Information Engineering Chuzhou UniversityChuzhou239000China School of Computer Science and Technology Changchun University of Science and TechnologyChangchun130022China Zhongshan Institute of Changchun University of Science and Technology ZhongshanChina School of Intelligent Engineering Henan Institute of TechnologyXinxiang453003China

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has severely disrupted both human life and the health care *** diagnosis and treatment have become increasingly important;however,the distribution and size of lesions vary widely among individuals,making it challenging to accurately diagnose the *** study proposed a deep-learning disease diagnosismodel based onweakly supervised learning and clustering visualization(W_CVNet)that fused classification with ***,the data were *** optimizable weakly supervised segmentation preprocessing method(O-WSSPM)was used to remove redundant data and solve the category imbalance ***,a deep-learning fusion method was used for feature extraction and classification recognition.A dual asymmetric complementary bilinear feature extraction method(D-CBM)was used to fully extract complementary features,which solved the problem of insufficient feature extraction by a single deep learning ***,an unsupervised learning method based on Fuzzy C-Means(FCM)clustering was used to segment and visualize COVID-19 lesions enabling physicians to accurately assess lesion distribution and disease *** this study,5-fold cross-validation methods were used,and the results showed that the network had an average classification accuracy of 85.8%,outperforming six recent advanced classification models.W_CVNet can effectively help physicians with automated aid in diagnosis to determine if the disease is present and,in the case of COVID-19 patients,to further predict the area of the lesion.

关键词： Classification COVID-19 deep learning segmentation unsupervised learning weakly supervised

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Manhattan-based k-member clustering and enhanced rabbit optimization algorithm for k-anonymization in social network

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年第30期83卷 74739-74756页

作者： Sivasankari, K. Maheswari, K. M. Uma Department of computer science and engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Ramapuram Chennai India Department of computing technologies School of Computing College of Engineering and Technology SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur India

Online social networks are becoming more and more popular, according to recent trends. The user's primary concern is the secure preservation of their data and privacy. A well-known method for preventing individual identity in publicly accessible datasets is K-anonymization. Existing anonymity techniques' primary drawback is that they're susceptible to similarity and attribute disclosure attacks. Furthermore, a large amount of data has been lost in the given database. To address this limitation, the proposed model integrated an anonymizing algorithm with Manhattan-based k-member clustering and an enhanced rabbit optimization algorithm (MKCAEROA). The Manhattan distance-based k member (MKCA) clustering algorithm is employed in this case to cluster the initial database. The resulting clusters are then further optimized, and the original database is made anonymous, using the enhanced rabbit optimization algorithm (EROA). In the suggested model, EROA is included to satisfy the specified anonymity constraints while concurrently minimizing the clustering error rate and the generated information loss. When compared to existing approaches, the experimental results demonstrate that the suggested method provides the highest clustering accuracy with the least amount of information loss. The MATLAB workbench will be used to implement the suggested model. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Database systems

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Large circuit models: opportunities and challenges

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science China(Information sciences) 2024年第10期67卷 25-66页

作者： Lei CHEN Yiqi CHEN Zhufei CHU Wenji FANG Tsung-Yi HO Ru HUANG Yu HUANG Sadaf KHAN Min LI Xingquan LI Yu LI Yun LIANG Jinwei LIU Yi LIU Yibo LIN Guojie LUO Hongyang PAN Zhengyuan SHI Guangyu SUN Dimitrios TSARAS Runsheng WANG Ziyi WANG Xinming WEI Zhiyao XIE Qiang XU Chenhao XUE Junchi YAN Jun YANG Bei YU Mingxuan YUAN Evangeline F.Y.YOUNG Xuan ZENG Haoyi ZHANG Zuodong ZHANG Yuxiang ZHAO Hui-Ling ZHEN Ziyang ZHENG Binwu ZHU Keren ZHU Sunan ZOU Huawei Noah’s Ark Lab School of Integrated Circuits Peking University Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo University Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong School of Integrated Circuits Southeast University Huawei HiSilicon Peng Cheng Laboratory School of Computer Science Peking University School of Microelectronics State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and System Fudan University School of Artificial Intelligence Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Within the electronic design automation(EDA) domain, artificial intelligence(AI)-driven solutions have emerged as formidable tools, yet they typically augment rather than redefine existing methodologies. These solutions often repurpose deep learning models from other domains, such as vision, text, and graph analytics, applying them to circuit design without tailoring to the unique complexities of electronic circuits. Such an “AI4EDA” approach falls short of achieving a holistic design synthesis and understanding,overlooking the intricate interplay of electrical, logical, and physical facets of circuit data. This study argues for a paradigm shift from AI4EDA towards AI-rooted EDA from the ground up, integrating AI at the core of the design process. Pivotal to this vision is the development of a multimodal circuit representation learning technique, poised to provide a comprehensive understanding by harmonizing and extracting insights from varied data sources, such as functional specifications, register-transfer level(RTL) designs, circuit netlists,and physical layouts. We champion the creation of large circuit models(LCMs) that are inherently multimodal, crafted to decode and express the rich semantics and structures of circuit data, thus fostering more resilient, efficient, and inventive design methodologies. Embracing this AI-rooted philosophy, we foresee a trajectory that transcends the current innovation plateau in EDA, igniting a profound “shift-left” in electronic design methodology. The envisioned advancements herald not just an evolution of existing EDA tools but a revolution, giving rise to novel instruments of design-tools that promise to radically enhance design productivity and inaugurate a new epoch where the optimization of circuit performance, power, and area(PPA) is achieved not incrementally, but through leaps that redefine the benchmarks of electronic systems' capabilities.

关键词： AI-rooted EDA large circuit models (LCMs) multimodal circuit representation learning circuit optimization

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14-Bit SAR ADC with on-Chip Digital Bubble Sorting Calibration technology

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2025年第1期34卷 125-136页

作者： Hua Fan Zhuorui Chen Tongrui Xu Franco Maloberti Qi Wei Quanyuan Feng School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering(Exemplary School of Microelectronics) University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chongqing Institute of Microelectronics Industry Technology University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering University of Pavia Department of Precision Instrument Tsinghua University Institute of Microelectronics Southwest Jiaotong University

This article designs a 14-bit successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter（SAR ADC）.A novel digital bubble sorting calibration method is proposed and applied to eliminate the effect of capacitor mismatch on the linearity of the SAR ADC. To reduce the number of capacitors, a hybrid architecture of a high 8-bit binary-weighted capacitor array and a low 6-bit resistor array is adopted by the digital-to-analog（DAC）. The common-mode voltage VCM-based switching scheme is chosen to reduce the switching energy and area of the DAC. The time-domain comparator is employed to obtain lower power consumption. Sampling is performed through a gate voltage bootstrapped switch to reduce the nonlinear errors introduced when sampling the input signal. Moreover, the SAR logic and the whole calibration is totally implemented on-chip through digital integrated circuit（IC） tools such as design compiler, IC compiler, etc. Finally, a prototype is designed and implemented using 0.18 μm bipolar-complementary metal oxide semiconductor（CMOS）-double-diffused MOS 1.8 V CMOS technology. The measurement results show that the SAR ADC with on-chip bubble sorting calibration method achieves the signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio of 69.75 dB and the spurious-free dynamic range of 83.77 dB.

关键词： Semiconductor device measurement Capacitors Linearity Switches Calibration System-on-chip Frequency measurement Time-domain analysis Sorting Signal to noise ratio

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High-speed encrypted traffic classification by using payload features

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Digital Communications and Networks 2025年第2期11卷 412-423页

作者： Xinge Yan Liukun He Yifan Xu Jiuxin Cao Liangmin Wang Guyang Xie School of Cyber Science and Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189China Nanjing Huafei Data Technology Co. Ltd.Nanjing 210019China School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China

Traffic encryption techniques facilitate cyberattackers to hide their presence and *** classification is an important method to prevent network ***,due to the tremendous traffic volume and limitations of computing,most existing traffic classification techniques are inapplicable to the high-speed network *** this paper,we propose a High-speed Encrypted Traffic Classification(HETC)method containing two ***,to efficiently detect whether traffic is encrypted,HETC focuses on randomly sampled short flows and extracts aggregation entropies with chi-square test features to measure the different patterns of the byte composition and distribution between encrypted and unencrypted ***,HETC introduces binary features upon the previous features and performs fine-grained traffic classification by combining these payload features with a Random Forest *** experimental results show that HETC can achieve a 94%F-measure in detecting encrypted flows and a 85%–93%F-measure in classifying fine-grained flows for a 1-KB flow-length dataset,outperforming the state-of-the-art comparison ***,HETC does not need to wait for the end of the flow and can extract mass computing *** average time for HETC to process each flow is only 2 or 16 ms,which is lower than the flow duration in most cases,making it a good candidate for high-speed traffic classification.

关键词： Traffic classification Flow analysis Information entropy Machine learning Randomness test

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MFR-CNN: A modified faster R-CNN approach based on bounding box and reliable score for cloth image retrieval

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年 1-29页

作者： Kaur, Navneet Pandey, Shreelekha Kalra, Nidhi Department of Computer Science and Engineering Thapar Institute of Engineering & ampTechnology Punjab Patiala147004 India School of Computer Science and Engineering RV University South Karnataka Bangalore560059 India

Today, machine learning is used in a broad variety of applications. Convolution neural networks (CNN), in particular, are widely used to analyze visual data. The fashion industry is catching up to the growing usage of machine learning in a variety of fields throughout the world. The proposed model named MFR-CNN, which is a modified Faster R-CNN approach, has been presented in this manuscript. The effectiveness of an algorithm is validated on cloth attributes by established datasets such as the Deep Fashion dataset and the Fashion Landmark dataset, alongside a new dataset created for the same manually. The proposed model detects clothes using bounding boxes and further classifies them. Apart from this, retrieval functionality has also been added. The effectiveness of the proposed model is evident through the learning rate analysis done for the modules present in the same. On the metrics of accuracy, execution time, and total loss, the model proposed here is contrast with existing techniques named R-CNN, Fast R-CNN, and Faster R-CNN. It is found that MFR-CNN is 50% more accurate in contrast to R-CNN. Also, the accuracy of MFR-CNN is 30% and 7% more accurate than the Fast R-CNN and Faster R-CNN, respectively. Moreover, MFR-CNN is quite effective in contrast to other approaches as it takes less time for execution. It consumes 33 seconds less in contrast to R-CNN. Also, the time taken by the MFR-CNN is 17 seconds and 3 seconds less in comparison to Fast R-CNN and Faster R-CNN, respectively. From the experimental results it is being inferred that the MFR-CNN approach for detecting and classifying clothes is both efficient and effective. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Image retrieval

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Conditional adversarial segmentation and deep learning approach for skin lesion sub-typing from dermoscopic images

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Neural Computing and Applications 2024年第26期36卷 16445-16463页

作者： Mirunalini, P. Desingu, Karthik Aswatha, S. Deepika, R. Deepika, V. Jaisakthi, S.M. Department of Computer Science Engineering Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering Chennai603110 India School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai Campus Chennai600127 India

Automatic skin lesion subtyping is a crucial step for diagnosing and treating skin cancer and acts as a first level diagnostic aid for medical experts. Although, in general, deep learning is very effective in image processing tasks, there are notable areas of the processing pipeline in the dermoscopic image regime that can benefit from refinement. Our work identifies two such areas for improvement. First, most benchmark dermoscopic datasets for skin cancers and lesions are highly imbalanced due to the relative rarity and commonality in the occurrence of specific lesion types. Deep learning methods tend to exhibit biased performance in favor of the majority classes with such datasets, leading to poor generalization. Second, dermoscopic images can be associated with irrelevant information in the form of skin color, hair, veins, etc.;hence, limiting the information available to a neural network by retaining only relevant portions of an input image has been successful in prompting the network towards learning task-relevant features and thereby improving its performance. Hence, this research work augments the skin lesion characterization pipeline in the following ways. First, it balances the dataset to overcome sample size biases. Two balancing methods, synthetic minority oversampling TEchnique (SMOTE) and Reweighting, are applied, compared, and analyzed. Second, a lesion segmentation stage is introduced before classification, in addition to a preprocessing stage, to retain only the region of interest. A baseline segmentation approach based on Bi-Directional ConvLSTM U-Net is improved using conditional adversarial training for enhanced segmentation performance. Finally, the classification stage is implemented using EfficientNets, where the B2 variant is used to benchmark and choose between the balancing and segmentation techniques, and the architecture is then scaled through to B7 to analyze the performance boost in lesion classification. From these experiments, we find

关键词： Pipelines

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On building automation system security

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High-Confidence Computing 2024年第3期4卷 103-122页

作者： Christopher Morales-Gonzalez Matthew Harper Michael Cash Lan Luo Zhen Ling Qun Z.Sun Xinwen Fu Department of Computer Science University of Massachusetts LowellLowell 01854USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Central FloridaOrlando 32816USA School of Computer Science and Technology Southeast UniversityMa’anshan 243032China School of Computer Science and Engineering Anhui University of TechnologyNanjing 211189China

Building Automation Systems(BASs)are seeing increased usage in modern society due to the plethora of benefits they provide such as automation for climate control,HVAC systems,entry systems,and lighting *** BASs in use are outdated and suffer from numerous vulnerabilities that stem from the design of the underlying BAS *** this paper,we provide a comprehensive,up-to-date survey on BASs and attacks against seven BAS protocols including BACnet,EnOcean,KNX,LonWorks,Modbus,ZigBee,and *** studies of secure BAS protocols are also presented,covering BACnet Secure Connect,KNX Data Secure,KNX/IP Secure,ModBus/TCP Security,EnOcean High Security and Z-Wave *** and ZigBee do not have security *** point out how these security protocols improve the security of the BAS and what issues remain.A case study is provided which describes a real-world BAS and showcases its vulnerabilities as well as recommendations for improving the security of *** seek to raise awareness to those in academia and industry as well as highlight open problems within BAS security.

关键词： Building automation system BAS protocols Security Attack

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Event-triggered tracking control for a class of nonholonomic systems in chained form

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science China(Information sciences) 2023年第7期66卷 147-161页

作者： Liang XU Youfeng SU He CAI Center for Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science Fuzhou University College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou University School of Automation Science and Engineering South China University of Technology

In this study, the event-triggered asymptotic tracking control problem is considered for a class of nonholonomic systems in chained form for the time-varying reference input. First, to eliminate the ripple phenomenon caused by the imprecise compensation of the time-varying reference input, a novel time-varying event-triggered piecewise continuous control law and a triggering mechanism with a time-varying triggering function are developed. Second, an explicit integral input-to-state stable Lyapunov function is constructed for the time-varying closed-loop system regarding the sampling error as the external input. The origin of the closed-loop system is shown to be uniformly globally asymptotically stable for any global exponential decaying threshold signals, which in turn rules out the Zeno behavior. Moreover, infinitely fast sampling can be avoided by appropriately tuning the exponential convergence rate of the threshold signal. A numerical simulation example is provided to illustrate the proposed control approach.

关键词： event-triggered nonholonomic systems strict Lyapunov function tracking integral input-to-state stable

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