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IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 2025年第1期145卷 16-24页

作者： Shouno, Kazuhiro Sato, Lina Fukagawa, Kanta Tanimoto, Hiroshi Muto, Cosy Division of Information Engineering University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennoudai Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8573 Japan Graduate School of Science and Technology Degree Programs in Systems and Information Engineering Master’s Program in Computer Science University of Tsukuba Japan Kitami Institute of Technology 165 Koen-cho Hokkaido Kitami090-8507 Japan Faculty of Education Nagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki852-8521 Japan

This paper proposes a measurement technique for an integrated complex filter. The proposed method is based on two measurement methods with integrated circuitry for calibration. It is accomplished by applying square waves to an FUT (Filter Under Test) instead of sinusoidal waves or by superposing transfer characteristics obtained by applying a single sinusoidal wave to an FUT. In both of the above methods, the output signal connected to the external measurement equipment via a 50 Ω coaxial cable and so on. In this case, the output signal of the FUT should be amplified by internal or external amplifiers, which degrades the response. However, it is cancelled out by the proposed calibration circuitry with some analog switches. In addition to the above, for the RC polyphase filter, the source resistance and the load capacitance degrade the measurement results and their effect is discussed. The validity of the proposal is confirmed through computer simulation for a third-order RCPF whose passband is 8–40 MHz fabricated by Phenitec 0.6 µm CMOS process. It is shown that the measurement error is −1.10 dB for the square-wave method and −1.00 dB and −0.43 degrees for the superposition method at 40 MHz. © 2025 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.

关键词： Capacitance

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Implementation and Evaluation of 0.6 µm CMOS Complex RCPF for Accurate Frequency Response Measurement

IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems

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IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 2025年第1期145卷 25-37页

作者： Sato, Lina Fukagawa, Kanta Shouno, Kazuhiro Tanimoto, Hiroshi Muto, Cosy Moriyama, Seijiro Takahashi, Chikau Yoshino, Michitaka Graduate School of Science and Technology Degree Programs in Systems and Information Engineering Master’s Program in Computer Science University of Tsukuba Japan Division of Information Engineering University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennoudai Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8573 Japan Kitami Institute of Technology 165 Koen-cho Hokkaido Kitami090-8507 Japan Faculty of Education Nagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki852-8521 Japan Anagix Corporation 3-22-27 Numama Kanagawa Zushi249-0004 Japan Takamori Corporation Japan Research Center for Micro-Nano Technology Hosei University 3-11-15 Midori-cho Koganei Tokyo184-0003 Japan

This paper describes the implementation and evaluation of an RC polyphase filter (RCPF) and circuitry for measuring its frequency characteristics. The integrated circuit is fabricated on a 0.6 µm CMOS process and its supply voltage is 5 V. The integrated circuit includes a filter under test (FUT), a four-phase square wave generator, several analog switches and differential amplifiers to amplify the high-impedance signals of the RCPF. This FUT is a third-order complex RCPF whose passband is 8 − 40 MHz. This paper describes the design of these circuits in detail. This integrated circuit can select two measurement methods by means of external control signals. The first method uses a four-phase square wave. The frequency characteristics are measured by using an on-chip four-phase square wave generator driven by an external clock generator and by a spectrum analyzer tuned to the fundamental frequency. The second method uses an external network analyzer. Furthermore, this integrated circuit is equipped with a calibration circuit to measure the frequency characteristics of the circuitry except FUT by passing through the input / output signals of the FUT. As a result, the frequency characteristics of the FUT itself can be accurately measured. The effectiveness is confirmed through evaluation of the fabricated integrated circuit. © 2025 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.

关键词： Differential amplifiers

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Optimization of variables for cadmium and copper removal using magnetic nanocomposite

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BMC Chemistry 2025年第1期19卷 1-12页

作者： Hsu, Chou-Yi Mustafa, Mohammed Ahmed Ghadir, Ghadir Kamil Bansal, Pooja Kaur, Harpreet Mohammed, Amjed Qasim Abdulwahid, Alzahraa S. Hussein, Ahmed Remthan Namaha, Sahira Qasim Ami, Ahmed Ali Radi, Usama Kadem Alzubaidi, Laith H. Kazemi, Ali Department of Pharmacy Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science Tainan City 71710 Taiwan Department of Biology College of Education University of Samarra Samarra 34010 Iraq Department of Computer Engineering Institute of Graduate Programs Al-Turath University Al Mansour Baghdad 10013 Iraq Department of Biotechnology and Genetics Jain (Deemed-to-Be) University Karnataka Bengaluru 560069 India Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences Vivekananda Global University Rajasthan Jaipur 303012 India School of Basic & Applied Sciences Shobhit University Uttar Pradesh Gangoh 247341 India Department of Health & Allied Sciences Arka Jain University Jharkhand Jamshedpur 831001 India Department of Dentistry Al-Manara College for Medical Sciences University of Misan Maysan Amarah Iraq Department of Medical Engineering Al-Hadi University College Baghdad 10011 Iraq Faculty of Science Mazaya University College Nasiriyah Iraq College of Dentistry Al-Esraa University Baghdad Iraq Department of Medical Laboratories Technology Al-Nisour University College Baghdad Iraq College of Pharmacy National University of Science and Technology Nasiriyah Iraq College of Technical Engineering The Islamic University of Najaf Najaf Iraq College of Technical Engineering The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah Al Diwaniyah Iraq College of Technical Engineering The Islamic University of Babylon Babylon Iraq School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran

This study aims to investigate cadmium and copper ultrasound-assisted removal efficiency on a laboratory scale using a cobalt ferrite/activated carbon (COF/AC) composite as an adsorbent. For this purpose, the effect of four independent variables (i.e., composite amount, pH, heavy metal concentrations, and ultrasound radiation time) on the performance of the cadmium and copper removal was investigated. The COF/AC composite was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM). The SEM and XRD techniques showed the successful synthesis of the COF/AC composite. The COF/AC composite has a surface area of 659.4 m² g⁻¹, an average diameter of 3.6 nm, and a pore volume of 0.482 cm³ g⁻¹. In this study, R² ˃ 0.99 and Adj-R² ˃ 0.98 for both analytes signify a high agreement between the obtained laboratory data and the model-predicted data. The analysis results for heavy metal removal revealed the following optimal conditions: the composite content of 0.22 g, ultrasound radiation time of 22 min, concentration of 19 mg L⁻¹, and pH of 5. Under optimal conditions, the maximum removal efficiency reached 93.46% and 97.45% for cadmium and copper, respectively. The COF/AC composite reuse results showed no significant decrease in removal efficiency up to 4 times of use during the adsorption and desorption process. Analysis of real samples showed that the removal rates of cadmium and copper were 89.62% and 96.37%, respectively. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Cadmium Copper Optimization Removal

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Information-theoretic objective functions for lifelong learning

Information-theoretic objective functions for lifelong learn...

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2013 AAAI Spring Symposium

作者： Zhang, Byoung-Tak School of Computer Science and Engineering Graduate Programs in Cognitive Science and Brain Science Seoul National University Seoul 151-742 Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9781577356028

Conventional paradigms of machine learning assume all the training data are available when learning starts. However, in lifelong learning, the examples are observed sequentially as learning unfolds, and the learner should continually explore the world and reorganize and refine the internal model or knowledge of the world. This leads to a fundamental challenge: How to balance long-term and short-term goals and how to trade-off between information gain and model complexity? These questions boil down to "what objective functions can best guide a lifelong learning agent?" Here we develop a sequential Bayesian framework for lifelong learning, build a taxonomy of lifelong-learning paradigms, and examine information-theoretic objective functions for each paradigm, with an emphasis on active learning. The objective functions can provide theoretical criteria for designing algorithms and determining effective strategies for selective sampling, representation discovery, knowledge transfer, and continual update over a lifetime of experience. © 2013, Association for the Advancement of artificial intelligence.

关键词： Learning systems

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Repeated behavioural evolution is associated with convergence of gene expression in cavity-nesting songbirds

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Nature Ecology and Evolution 2025年第5期9卷 845-856页

作者： Lipshutz, Sara E. Hibbins, Mark S. Bentz, Alexandra B. Buechlein, Aaron M. Empson, Tara A. George, Elizabeth M. Hauber, Mark E. Rusch, Douglas B. Schelsky, Wendy M. Thomas, Quinn K. Torneo, Samuel J. Turner, Abbigail M. Wolf, Sarah E. Woodruff, Mary J. Hahn, Matthew W. Rosvall, Kimberly A. Department of Biology Indiana University Bloomington IN United States Department of Biology Loyola University Chicago Chicago IL United States Department of Biology Duke University Durham NC United States Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada School of Biological Sciences University of Oklahoma Norman OK United States Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics Indiana University Bloomington IN United States Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee Knoxville TN United States Department of Evolution Ecology and Organismal Biology The Ohio State University Columbus OH United States Department of Evolution Ecology and Behavior University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL United States Illinois Natural History Survey Prairie Research Institute University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Champaign IL United States Advanced Science Research Center and Programs in Biology and in Psychology Graduate Center of the City University of New York New York NY United States The Grainger College of Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL United States School of Biological Sciences University of Edinburgh Scotland Edinburgh United Kingdom United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services Veterinary Services Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health Fort Collins CO United States Department of Computer Science Indiana University Bloomington IN United States

Uncovering the genomic bases of phenotypic adaptation is a major goal in biology, but this has been hard to achieve for complex behavioural traits. Here we leverage the repeated, independent evolution of obligate cavity nesting in birds to test the hypothesis that pressure to compete for a limited breeding resource has facilitated convergent evolution in behaviour, hormones and gene expression. We used an integrative approach, combining aggression assays in the field, testosterone measures and transcriptome-wide analyses of the brain in wild-captured females and males. Our experimental design compared species pairs across five avian families, each including one obligate cavity-nesting species and a related species with a more flexible nest strategy. We find behavioural convergence, with higher levels of territorial aggression in obligate cavity nesters, particularly among females. Across species, levels of testosterone in circulation were not associated with nest strategy nor aggression. Phylogenetic analyses of individual genes and co-regulated gene networks revealed more shared patterns of brain gene expression than expected by drift, although the scope of convergent gene expression evolution was limited to a small percentage of the genome. When comparing our results to other studies that did not use phylogenetic methods, we suggest that accounting for shared evolutionary history may reduce the number of genes inferred as convergently evolving. Altogether, we find that behavioural convergence in response to shared ecological pressures is associated with largely independent evolution of gene expression across different avian families, punctuated by a narrow set of convergently evolving genes. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2025.

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Multidimensional clinical data denoising via Bayesian CP factorization

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science China(Technological sciences) 2020年第2期63卷 249-254页

作者： CUI GaoChao ZHU Li GUI LiHua ZHAO QiBin ZHANG JianHai CAO JianTing Graduate School of Engineering Saitama Institute of TechnologySaitama 3690293Japan School of Computer Science and Technology Hangzhou Dianzi UniversityHangzhou 310018China Cognitive Science Department School of Information Science and EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China Tensor Learning Unit Center for Advanced Intelligence ProjectRIKENSaitama 1030027Japan School of Automation Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China

CANDECOMP/PARAFAC(CP) tensor factorization is an efficient technique for incomplete tensor-data processing through capturing the multilinear latent factors. Based on the incorporate a sparsity-inducing prior over multiple latent factors and appropriate hyper-priors over all hyper-parameters, a Bayesian-based hierarchical probabilistic CP factorization model could be formed. By this way, the rank of the incomplete tensor can be determined automatically. In this paper, we explored the tensor completion method in processing incomplete multidimensional electroencephalogram(EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) clinical data. The empirical results indicated that the Bayesian CP tensor factorization of incomplete data method can effectively recover EEG signal with missing data and denoised the noisy MRI data.

关键词： electroencephalogram(EEG) magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) Bayesian tensor factorization CANDECOMP/PARAFAC(CP)

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Evaluation of a Japanese CFG derived from a syntactically annotated corpus with respect to dependency measures 5

Evaluation of a Japanese CFG derived from a syntactically an...

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5th Workshop on Asian Language Resources, ALR 2005 and 1st Symposium on Asian Language Resources Network, ALRN 2005

作者： Noro, Tomoya Koike, Chimato Hashimoto, Taiichi Tokunaga, Takenobu Tanaka, Hozumi Graduate School of Information Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan School of Computer and Cognitive Sciences Chukyo University Nagoya Japan

Parsing is one of the important processes for natural language processing and, in general, a large-scale CFG is used to parse a wide variety of sentences. For many languages, a CFG is derived from a large-scale syntactically annotated corpus, and many parsing algorithms using CFGs have been proposed. However, we could not apply them to Japanese since a Japanese syntactically annotated corpus has not been available as of yet. In order to solve the problem, we have been building a large-scale Japanese syntactically annotated corpus. In this paper, we show the evaluation results of a CFG derived from our corpus and compare it with results of some Japanese dependency analyzers. © 2005 5th Workshop on Asian Language Resources, ALR 2005 and 1st Symposium on Asian Language Resources Network, ALRN 2005 - Proceedings. All rights reserved.

关键词： Syntactics

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Tracing the emergence of gendered language in childhood 42

Tracing the emergence of gendered language in childhood

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42nd Annual Meeting of the cognitive science Society: Developing a Mind: Learning in Humans, Animals, and Machines, CogSci 2020

作者： Prystawski, Ben Grant, Erin Nematzadeh, Aida Lee, Spike W.S. Stevenson, Suzanne Xu, Yang Computer Science and Cognitive Science Programs University of Toronto Canada Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley United States DeepMind Rotman School of Management Department of Psychology University of Toronto Canada Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Canada Department of Computer Science Cognitive Science Program University of Toronto Canada

Are gender associations in general language reflected in the words spoken to and by children? Previous work has suggested that language reveals gender differences in discourse, speech style, language use and acquisition. Work in artificial intelligence has shown that word embeddings trained on large corpora reflect human gender associations. We connect this work to developmental psychology by exploring whether gender associations in word embeddings are present in the linguistic input and output of children, and if so, how early gendered language emerges. We present a computational method that quantifies the gender associations of words and use a corpus of child-caretaker speech to show that these gender associations correlate significantly with those in word embeddings. We discover that gendered word use emerges in English-speaking children around age 2, and the gender associations cannot be explained solely by variables including word length, frequency, concreteness, and valence. © 2020 The Author(s)

关键词： Embeddings

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Sparse Population Code Models of Word Learning in Concept Drift 34

Sparse Population Code Models of Word Learning in Concept Dr...

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34th Annual Meeting of the cognitive science Society: Building Bridges Across cognitive sciences Around the World, CogSci 2012

作者： Zhang, Byoung-Tak Ha, Jung-Woo Kang, Myunggu School of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul National University Seoul151-744 Korea Republic of Cognitive Science and Brain Science Programs Seoul National University Seoul151-744 Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9780976831884

Computational modeling has served a powerful tool for studying cross-situational word learning. Previous research has focused on convergence behaviors in a static environment, ignoring dynamic cognitive aspects of concept change. Here we investigate concept drift in word learning in story-telling situations. Informed by findings in cognitive neuroscience, we hypothesize that a large ensemble of sparse codes flexibly represents and robustly traces drifting concepts. We experimentally test the population coding hypothesis on children’s cartoon videos. Our results show that learning the meanings of words over time is hard, especially when the concept evolves slowly, but the sparse population coding can handle the concept drift problem effectively while hypothesis elimination and simplistic parametric models have difficulty. © CogSci *** rights reserved.

关键词： Population statistics

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Clustering via mode seeking by direct estimation of the gradient of a log-density

Clustering via mode seeking by direct estimation of the grad...

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European Conference on Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases, ECML PKDD 2014

作者： Sasaki, Hiroaki Hyvärinen, Aapo Sugiyama, Masashi Graduate School of Information Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan Department of Computer Science HIIT University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Cognitive Mechanisms Laboratories ATR Kyoto Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9783662448441

Mean shift clustering finds the modes of the data probability density by identifying the zero points of the density gradient. Since it does not require to fix the number of clusters in advance, the mean shift has been a popular clustering algorithm in various application fields. A typical implementation of the mean shift is to first estimate the density by kernel density estimation and then compute its gradient. However, since a good density estimation does not necessarily imply an accurate estimation of the density gradient, such an indirect two-step approach is not reliable. In this paper, we propose a method to directly estimate the gradient of the log-density without going through density estimation. The proposed method gives the global solution analytically and thus is computationally efficient. We then develop a mean-shift-like fixed-point algorithm to find the modes of the density for clustering. As in the mean shift, one does not need to set the number of clusters in advance. We experimentally show that the proposed clustering method significantly outperforms the mean shift especially for high-dimensional data. © 2014 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Clustering algorithms

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