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14-Bit SAR ADC with on-Chip Digital Bubble Sorting Calibration technology

Chinese Journal of Electronics 2025年第1期34卷 125-136页

作者： Hua Fan Zhuorui Chen Tongrui Xu Franco Maloberti Qi Wei Quanyuan Feng School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering(Exemplary School of Microelectronics) University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chongqing Institute of Microelectronics Industry Technology University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering University of Pavia Department of Precision Instrument Tsinghua University Institute of Microelectronics Southwest Jiaotong University

This article designs a 14-bit successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter（SAR ADC）.A novel digital bubble sorting calibration method is proposed and applied to eliminate the effect of capacitor mismatch on the linearity of the SAR ADC. To reduce the number of capacitors, a hybrid architecture of a high 8-bit binary-weighted capacitor array and a low 6-bit resistor array is adopted by the digital-to-analog（DAC）. The common-mode voltage VCM-based switching scheme is chosen to reduce the switching energy and area of the DAC. The time-domain comparator is employed to obtain lower power consumption. Sampling is performed through a gate voltage bootstrapped switch to reduce the nonlinear errors introduced when sampling the input signal. Moreover, the SAR logic and the whole calibration is totally implemented on-chip through digital integrated circuit（IC） tools such as design compiler, IC compiler, etc. Finally, a prototype is designed and implemented using 0.18 μm bipolar-complementary metal oxide semiconductor（CMOS）-double-diffused MOS 1.8 V CMOS technology. The measurement results show that the SAR ADC with on-chip bubble sorting calibration method achieves the signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio of 69.75 dB and the spurious-free dynamic range of 83.77 dB.

关键词： Semiconductor device measurement Capacitors Linearity Switches Calibration System-on-chip Frequency measurement Time-domain analysis Sorting Signal to noise ratio

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Point-Voxel Based Geometry-Adaptive Network for 3D Point Cloud Analysis

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Journal of Computer science & technology 2024年第5期39卷 1167-1179页

作者： Tian-Meng Zhao Hui Zeng Bao-Qing Zhang Hong-Min Liu Bin Fan Beijing Engineering Research Center of Industrial Spectrum Imaging School of Automation and Electrial Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Shunde Innovation School University of Science and Technology BeijingFoshan 528399China Beijing Institute of Electronic System Engineering Beijing 100854China School of Intelligence Science and Technology University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Institute of Artificial Intelligence University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

Point cloud analysis is challenging because of the unordered and irregular data structure of point *** describe geometric information in point clouds,existing methods mainly use convolution,graph,and attention operations to construct sophisticated local aggregation *** operators work well in extracting local information but bring unfavorable inference latency due to high computation *** solve the above problem,this paper presents a novel point-voxel based geometry-adaptive network(PVGANet),which combines multiple representations of point and voxel to describe the point cloud from different granularities and can obtain features of different scales *** extract fine-grained geometric features,we design the position-adaptive pooling operator,which uses point pairs’relative position and feature similarity to weight and aggregate the point features at local areas of point *** extract coarse-grained local features,we design a depth-wise convolution operator,which conducts the depth-wise convolution on voxel *** an easy addition,fine-grained geometric and coarse-grained local features can be fused,and we can use the geometry-adaptive fused features to complete the efficient shape analysis of point clouds,such as shape classification and part *** experiments on ModelNet40,ScanObjectNN,and ShapeNet Part benchmarks demonstrate that our PVGANet achieves competitive performance compared with the related methods.

关键词： point cloud geometric feature multi-representation part segmentation shape classification

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Constrained Moving Path Following Control for UAV With Robust Control Barrier Function

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2023年第7期10卷 1557-1570页

作者： Zewei Zheng Jiazhe Li Zhiyuan Guan Zongyu Zuo Seventh Research Division School of Automation Science and Electrical EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijing 100191 Beijing Institute of Control Engineering Beijing 100094China

This paper studies the moving path following(MPF)problem for fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)under output constraints and wind *** vehicle is required to converge to a reference path moving with respect to the inertial frame,while the path following error is not expected to violate the predefined *** from existing moving path following guidance laws,the proposed method removes complex geometric transformation by formulating the moving path following problem into a second-order time-varying control problem.A nominal moving path following guidance law is designed with disturbances and their derivatives estimated by high-order disturbance *** guarantee that the path following error will not exceed the prescribed bounds,a robust control barrier function is developed and incorporated into controller design with quadratic program based *** proposed method does not require the initial position of the UAV to be within predefined *** the safety margin concept makes error-constraint be respected even if in a noisy *** proposed guidance law is validated through numerical simulations of shipboard landing and hardware-in-theloop(HIL)experiments.

关键词： Moving path following(MPF) robust control barrier function safety margin shipboard landing unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)

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On-Policy and Off-Policy Value Iteration Algorithms for Stochastic Zero-Sum Dynamic Games

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Journal of Systems science & Complexity 2025年第1期38卷 421-435页

作者： GUO Liangyuan WANG Bing-Chang ZHANG Ji-Feng School of Control Science and Engineering Shandong UniversityJinan 250063China School of Automation and Electrical Engineering Zhongyuan University of TechnologyZhengzhou 450007China Key Laboratory of Systems and Control Academy of Mathematics and Systems ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

This paper considers the value iteration algorithms of stochastic zero-sum linear quadratic games with unkown ***-policy and off-policy learning algorithms are developed to solve the stochastic zero-sum games,where the system dynamics is not *** analyzing the value function iterations,the convergence of the model-based algorithm is *** equivalence of several types of value iteration algorithms is *** effectiveness of model-free algorithms is demonstrated by a numerical example.

关键词： Approximate dynamic programming on-policy off-policy stochastic zero-sum games valueiteration

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Improvement of atmospheric jet-array plasma uniformity assisted by artificial neural networks

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Plasma science and technology 2023年第2期25卷 105-118页

作者：郑树磊聂秋月黄韬侯春风王晓钢 School of Physics Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001People's Republic of China School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001People's Republic of China

Atmospheric pressure plasma jet(APPJ)arrays have shown a potential in a wide range of applications ranging from material processing to *** these applications,targets with complex three-dimensional structures often easily affect plasma ***,the uniformity is usually crucially important in application areas such as biomedicine,*** this work,the flow and electric field collaborative modulations are used to improve the uniformity of the plasma *** a two-dimensional sloped metallic substrate with a 10°inclined angle as an example,the influences of both flow and electric field on the electron and typical active species distributions downstream are studied based on a multi-field coupling *** electric and flow fields modulations are first separately applied to test the *** show that the electric field modulation has an obvious improvement on the uniformity of plasma while the flow field modulation effect is *** on such outputs,a collaborative modulation of both fields is then applied,and shows a much better effect on the *** make further advances,a basic strategy of uniformity improvement is thus *** achieve the goal,an artificial neural network method with reasonable accuracy is then used to predict the correlation between plasma processing parameters and downstream uniformity properties for further improvement of the plasma *** optional scheme taking advantage of the flexibility of APPJ arrays is then developed for practical demands.

关键词： atmospheric pressure plasma jet-array multi-field coupling and modulation artificial neural network(ANN)

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Highly-efficient(>70%)and Wide-spectral(400-1700 nm)sub-micron-thick InGaAs photodiodes for future high-resolution image sensors

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Light(science & Applications) 2024年第12期13卷 3224-3235页

作者： Dae-Myeong Geum Jinha Lim Junho Jang Seungyeop Ahn SeongKwang Kim Joonsup Shim Bong Ho Kim Juhyuk Park Woo Jin Baek Jaeyong Jeong SangHyeon Kim School of Electrical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST)Daejeon 34141Republic of Korea Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Inha UniversityIncheon 22212Republic of Korea

This paper demonstrates the novel approach of sub-micron-thick InGaAs broadband photodetectors(PDs)designed for high-resolution imaging from the visible to short-wavelength infrared(SWIR)*** approaches encounter challenges such as low resolution and crosstalk issues caused by a thick absorption layer(AL).Therefore,we propose a guided-mode resonance(GMR)structure to enhance the quantum efficiency(QE)of the InGaAs PDs in the SWIR region with only sub-micron-thick *** TiOx/Au-based GMR structure compensates for the reduced AL thickness,achieving a remarkably high QE(>70%)from 400 to 1700 nm with only a 0.98μm AL InGaAs PD(defined as 1μm AL PD).This represents a reduction in thickness by at least 2.5 times compared to previous results while maintaining a high ***,the rapid transit time is highly expected to result in decreased electrical *** effectiveness of the GMR structure is evident in its ability to sustain QE even with a reduced AL thickness,simultaneously enhancing the transit *** breakthrough offers a viable solution for high-resolution and low-noise broadband image sensors.

关键词： thick resolution image

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Design of Attention Prediction System Based on EEG Signal Analysis 13

Design of Attention Prediction System Based on EEG Signal An...

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13th International Conference on Control, automation and Information sciences, ICCAIS 2024

作者： Sun, Chenyang Yang, Zhicheng Yang, Lujia Wang, Wei Wang, Xiepei Lu, Mingli School of Electrical and Automation Engineering Changshu Institute of Technology Suzhou China School of Engineering in Electrical Engineering and Automation Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China School of Electronic and Information Engineering Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331542047

Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are crucial in understanding brain activity, particularly in assessing attention levels, and are vital for various cognitive functions and daily activities. This study presents the design of an attention-level prediction system utilizing EEG signal analysis, employing Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks enhanced by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The system collects EEG data through non-invasive single-channel devices and processes these signals to predict attention levels using an LSTM model. To address the challenge of optimal parameter selection in LSTM, the PSO algorithm is integrated, significantly improving prediction accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate that the PSO_LSTM model outperforms traditional LSTM networks in terms of accuracy, convergence speed, and robustness. The proposed system not only enhances the predictive performance of attention levels but also provides a scalable approach for real-time applications in fields such as education, healthcare, and human-computer interaction. This study highlights the potential of combining EEG signal analysis with advanced machine learning techniques for more effective attention monitoring. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Particle swarm optimization (PSO)

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Numerical studies of the voltage amplitude effect on plasma characteristics in atmospheric pressure driven by dual LF-RF frequency discharge

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Plasma science and technology 2025年第3期27卷 45-54页

作者： Yilin YU Zhibo ZHAO Qiuyue NIE Shu CHEN Zhonglin ZHANG School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001People’s Republic of China Laboratory for Space Environment and Physical Sciences Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001People’s Republic of China Institute of Scientific and Technical Information Beijing Academy of Science and TechnologyBeijing 100044People’s Republic of China

Dielectric barrier discharges(DBDs)are primarily utilized as efficient sources of large-volume diffuse ***,the synergistic interaction of certain key plasma factors limits their broader *** the present paper,we report numerical investigations of the effects of voltage amplitude in dual-frequency excitation on atmospheric DBDs using a 50 kHz/5 MHz frequency *** results indicate that varying the voltages for low frequency(LF)and radio frequency(RF)significantly influences the electron dynamics during discharge,resulting in distinct spatio-temporal distributions of electron and metastable particle *** findings contribute to the regulation of discharges under atmospheric pressure conditions and facilitate the attainment of non-equilibrium and nonlinear plasma parameters.

关键词： dielectric barrier discharge atmospheric pressure plasma electron dynamics behavior

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Study on plasma expansion model of primary discharge on spacecraft solar array

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Plasma science and technology 2024年第11期26卷 87-95页

作者： Dejie WEI Jianwen WU Liying ZHU School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191People’s Republic of China Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering CAST Beijing 100094People’s Republic of China

In the space plasma environment, primary discharge may occur on the solar array and evolve into a destructive sustained arc, which threatens the safe operation of the spacecraft. Based on the plasma expansion fluid theory, a new multicomponent plasma expansion model is proposed in this study, which takes into account the effects of ion species, ion number, initial discharge current, and Low Earth Orbit(LEO) plasma environment. The expansion simulation of single-component and multicomponent ions is carried out respectively, and the variations of plasma number density, expansion distance, and speed during the expansion process are *** with the experimental results, the evolution of propagation distance and speed is closed and the error is within a reasonable range, which verifies the validity and rationality of the model. The propagation characteristics of the primary discharge on the solar array surface and the influence of the initial value on the maximum propagation distance and the propagation current peaks are investigated. This study can provide important theoretical support for the propagation and evolution of the primary discharge and the key behavior of the transition to secondary discharge on spacecraft solar array.

关键词： primary discharge plasma expansion propagation characteristics spacecraft solar array

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Route Planning-Based Active Equalization of Reconfigurable Battery Packs in Electric Vehicles

IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles

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IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles 2024年第10期9卷 1-14页

作者： Tian, Jiaqiang Zhang, Qingping Liu, Xinghua Fan, Yuan Wang, Yujie Pan, Tianhong School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Anhui University Hefei Anhui China Power Research Institute of State Grid Ningxia Electric Power Co. L Yinchuan Ningxia China School of Electrical Engineering Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an China Department of Automation University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China

Inconsistency is an inevitable issue in the battery packs of electric vehicles, which can lead to reduced system performance and increased security risks. Equalization is an effective measure to improve pack consistency. However, the passive equalization has the disadvantage of wasting energy. To address this issue, this work proposes an active equalization scheme for battery packs based on dynamic route planning. Specifically, an active equalization topology is proposed based on flexible reconfiguration, which allows for the connection of any cells in series and avoids the access of faulty cells. The equalization topology is abstracted into a directed graph, reducing the complexity of circuit analysis. A strategy based on the Dijkstra algorithm is developed to search for the longest and shortest energy paths to guide battery equalization control. The hardware-in-the-loop experiment is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed equalization scheme. Compared to C2C switched capacitor, C2C double tuned capacitor, and C2C star structure schemes, the proposed scheme with 6 cells reduces by approximately 72.88%, 48.61%, and 54.61% in the voltage standard deviation, respectively. In terms of voltage range, the proposed scheme reduces by approximately 61.02%, 31.14%, and 51.32% compared to C2C switched capacitor, C2C double tuned capacitor, and C2C star structure schemes. When considering a switch loss factor of 0.9 to 0.1, the energy loss decreases by about 0.33%. IEEE

关键词： Charging (batteries)

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