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Thermal noise-driven resonant sensors

Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第3期10卷 259-271页

作者： Yan Qiao Alaaeldin Elhady Mohamed Arabi Eihab Abdel-Rahman Wenming Zhang School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Systems Design Engineering University of WaterlooWaterlooONCanada

MEMS/NEMS resonant sensors hold promise for minute mass and force ***,one major challenge is that conventional externally driven sensors inevitably encounter undesired intrinsic noise,which imposes a fundamental limitation upon their signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and,consequently,the ***,this restriction becomes increasingly pronounced as sensors shrink to the *** this work,we propose a counterintuitive paradigm shift that turns intrinsic thermal noise from an impediment to a constituent of the sensor by harvesting it as the driving force,obviating the need for external actuation and realizing‘noise-driven’*** sensors employ the dynamically amplified response to thermal noise at resonances for stimulus *** demonstrate that lightly damped and highly compliant nano-structures with high aspect ratios are promising candidates for this class of *** overcome the phase incoherence of the drive force,three noise-enabled quantitative sensing mechanisms are *** validated our sensor paradigm by experimental demonstrating noise-driven pressure and temperature ***-driven sensors offer a new opportunity for delivering practical NEMS sensors that can function at room temperature and under ambient pressure,and a development that suggests a path to cheaper,simpler,and low-power-consumption sensors.

关键词： noise resonant overcome

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Commercial Supersonic Air Travel: Flight Routing and Demand Forecasting

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Journal of Air Transportation 2025年第1期33卷 3-25页

作者： Hassan, Mohammed Pfaender, Holger Oliveira, Thayná Ougazzaden, Nadir Dussauge, Thomas Mavris, Dimitri Aerospace Systems Design Laboratory School of Aerospace Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States

There has been renewed interest in commercial supersonic air travel in recent years with new concepts currently being advertised for a potential comeback within the next decade. Current regulations do not permit overland operations for supersonic vehicles due to the sonic booms produced during flight. To capture a favorable market share, these vehicles would have to serve more routes than previously served while abiding with current regulations. This study presents a novel and comprehensive approach to overland-prohibited flight routing and route-specific demand forecasting for commercial supersonic air travel, in order to assess the expected market capture under nominal air traffic growth conditions. Results for a baseline reference scenario suggest that with efficient flight routing these vehicles could operate on many routes and capture 5 to 8% of the current demand for subsonic air travel. However, a sensitivity analysis of the top 10 routes showed that both flight routing and demand forecasting are notably sensible to the underlying assumptions and that results could vary considerably based on modeling inputs pertaining to both the aircraft and airline characteristics. © 2024 by Mohammed Hassan, Holger Pfaendar, Thayna Oliveira, Nadir Ougazzaden, Thomas Dussage, and Dimitri Mavris.

关键词： Sensitivity analysis

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Editorial for Machine learning and AI for underground metaverse

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Underground Space 2024年第6期19卷 1-3页

作者： Kok-Kwang Phoon Qiujing Pan Chong Tang Information Systems Technology and Design/Architecture and Sustainable Design Singapore University of Technology and DesignSingapore 487372 School of Civil Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410075China State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China

It is widely recognized that civil engineering practice,including underground construction,is lagging the fast pace digital transformation taking place in many *** key reason for this revolution is the emergence and convergence of digital technologies that include machine learning,artificial intelligence(AI),blockchain,cloud/edge computing,Internet of Things,5G communication,automation,digital twin,and *** parallel,Industry 4.0 is now complemented by Industry 5.0 that advocates a shift from economic value to societal value(sustainability,well-being,etc.).This means a shift from enterprises benefiting shareholders(profits)to stakeholders(people).

关键词： learning artificial underground

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Servo-Driven Flapping-Wing Aerial Vehicle (FWAV): Payload Capacity and Navigation Performance

Servo-Driven Flapping-Wing Aerial Vehicle (FWAV): Payload Ca...

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2025 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration, SII 2025

作者： Afakh, Muhammad Labiyb Saputra, Azhar Aulia Sato, Hidaka Wada, Kazuyoshi Takesue, Naoyuki Tokyo Metropolitan University Graduate School of Systems Design Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798331531614

In the current situation, environmental monitoring and disaster mitigation become a concern. There are many developed robot in different type for enviromental issue, but some robot has limitation on coverage area. To solve that problem, several researcher also developed FWAV that has potential on environment monitoring application. This study aims to enhance the potential of Flapping Wing Aerial Vehicles (FWAVs) for wider implementation in these fields. While most FWAVs traditionally use a single actuator, leading to manufacturing and design complexity, recent trends show a shift towards servo-driven mechanisms due to their enhanced capabilities. We achieve modularity through a design that allows for easy assembly and disassembly of main wings, tail, and hardware components. Performance enhancements are realized through the implementation of a square wave pattern as the input signal for flapping motion, which outperforms the common sinusoidal wave pattern as input signal. By adjusting the center of gravity and flapping parameters, we demonstrate the FWAV's potential to carry payloads of up to 100 grams which is almost 28% of its weight, suitable for small-scale environmental monitoring missions. Additionally, we implement a collision avoidance system to enhance the FWAV's ability to navigate safely in complex environments. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Environmental monitoring

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A deep learning framework for automatic assessment of presence in virtual reality using multimodal behavioral cues

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第8期37卷 6283-6303页

作者： Pannattee, Peerawat Shimada, Shogo Yem, Vibol Nishiuchi, Nobuyuki Graduate School of Systems Design Tokyo Metropolitan University Tokyo191-0065 Japan Graduate School of Science and Technology Degree Program in Systems and Information Engineering University of Tsukuba Ibaraki3058573 Japan

Effective development of virtual reality (VR) applications is heavily reliant on the evaluation of user experience (UX). However, traditional methods such as questionnaires have inherent limitations which hinder their ability to capture nuanced behavioral responses and impede the agility of VR content creation: They are time-consuming, burdensome for users, and require significant human effort for interpretation. This study introduces an automated framework aimed at addressing the limitations of questionnaire-based evaluations to assess UX in VR. Our primary focus is to validate the concept of this framework through assessment of the sense of presence (SOP), a crucial psychological perception with significant impact on VR UX. Our proposed framework utilizes a deep neural network (DNN) to analyze patterns in multimodal behavioral cues, including facial expressions, head movements, and hand movements, to predict scores from the Igroup Presence Questionnaire (IPQ). Additionally, we introduce two statistical profiles: the Visual Entropy Profile (VEP), which offers insights into visual complexity by depicting scene entropy, and the Experiential Presence Profile (EPP), which is designed to capture users’ historical SOP levels to enable personalized baseline and sensitivity estimation. The proposed framework achieves a significant correlation between actual and predicted IPQ scores, with a Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient of 0.7303, showcasing the potential of DNNs in analyzing complex behavioral signals and automating SOP assessment. This study represents a pioneering effort in leveraging DNNs for the automatic assessment of SOP and paves the way for future advances in automatically assessing VR UX and unlocking new opportunities in the field. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Virtual environments

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A Review of Electronic Fuses: Challenges and Opportunities for Future Vehicular Power systems

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IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification 2025年第3期11卷 8548-8560页

作者： Mayer, Christoph Baumann, Martin Eisenmann, Bastian Herzog, Hans-Georg Energy Conversion Technology Laboratory TUM School of Engineering and Design Garching85748 Germany BMW Group Research and Development Department Munich80788 Germany High-Power Converter Systems Laboratory TUM School of Engineering and Design Munich80333 Germany

Currently, the vehicular power system is undergoing significant changes. One of the most promising advances thereby are electronic fuses (eFuses) which are intended to replace the state-of-the-art melting fuses. On the one hand, eFuses are beneficial to meet the requirements for highly automated or autonomous driving functions. On the other hand, compared to melting fuses, they also offer advanced protection mechanisms and enhanced diagnosis functions as well as wiring harness optimization potentials. This article provides a comprehensive review about the current state of research regarding vehicular eFuses. The general structure and basic functionalities such as protection mechanisms are explained, followed by an overview of state-of-the-art eFuse hardware solutions. Available investigation methods of eFuses such as simulation models are shown. The effect of eFuses on other system components is explained and compared to melting fuses. A comparative overview and discussion of benefits and drawbacks of eFuses and melting fuses complete the review. This article will be beneficial not only for research institutions, industry professionals, but also for anyone who is inexperienced in the field of vehicular power systems as a reference of the current state of research regarding vehicular eFuses. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： Protection Fuses Power systems Temperature measurement Transistors Hardware Switching circuits Reviews Electrification Surge protection

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Machine Learning-Based Classification of Programming Logic Understanding Levels by Mouse-Tracking Heatmaps

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 89905-89914页

作者： Khaesawad, Attaporn Fukuchi, Yosuke Yem, Vibol Nishiuchi, Nobuyuki Tokyo Metropolitan University Graduate School of Systems Design Tokyo191-0065 Japan Institute of Systems and Information Engineering University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8573 Japan

In the past decade, there has been a significant increase in the growth of the global technology employment market, primarily owing to the digital age, artificial intelligence expansion, cloud computing, and cybersecurity requirements. Consequently, the demand for IT professionals has increased. Introductory programming is a crucial early course in IT higher education as it aids in developing problem-solving skills. However, such courses tend to result in substantially high failure and dropout rates. Some studies have proposed solutions such as peer learning and personalized feedback, but challenges persist. One key assumption is that teacher support is likely to help mitigate these rates. However, with limited class time, teachers find it challenging to support all the students. This study aims to automatically assess the programming logic understanding level (PLUL) during introductory programming courses. We proposed a method for classifying PLUL through a block coding learning platform based on mouse-tracking heatmaps using machine learning techniques. We collected actual learning-task data from first-year university students and compared the performance of five machine learning models. The decision tree algorithm achieved an accuracy score of 76.00%, F1 score of 77.36%, sensitivity score of 75.93%, and specificity score of 76.09%. These findings demonstrate that our method can effectively classify students based on their PLUL of tasks on a block coding learning platform. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Students

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Preliminary Satellite design for Cislunar Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance

Preliminary Satellite Design for Cislunar Intelligence Surve...

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AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： Park, Sean A. Cantrell, Seth A. Mavridis, Savas Slaoui, Semo McNabb, Jeffrey Mavris, Dimitri Aerospace Systems Design Laboratory Georgia Tech Aerospace Systems Design Laboratory AtlantaGA30308 United States Aerospace Systems Design Laboratory School of Aerospace Engineering Georgia Tech Aerospace Systems Design Laboratory AtlantaGA30308 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781624107238

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

As nations continue to mature their national space programs, a new era of cislunar missions is slated to kick off over the next decade. The proliferation of Resident Space Objects (RSOs) in cislunar space increases the demand for enhanced Space Domain Awareness (SDA) as a matter of national security and to protect costly assets. Space-based observatories provide a means to exploit RSO electromagnetic emissions for detection, search, and tracking at much higher sensitivities than can be obtained from ground-based observatories. However, this comes at the expense of a significantly higher programmatic cost and mission risk. The accompanying cost and risk underscore the importance of accurate and iterative trade space exploration early in a program which drives the need for a multidisciplinary preliminary design tool. This paper presents a framework to trade key Electro-Optical/Infrared (EOIR) and passive Radio Frequency (RF) design parameters against cislunar RSO detection performance and satellite unit costs to increase design knowledge in the early stages of mission architecture and preliminary design definition. Physics-based models were adapted from the existing literature and integrated in the simulation environment to create a dynamic mission modeling tool that evaluates the performance of selected design alternatives. Georgia Tech Aerospace systems design Laboratory’s (ASDL) Dyreqt tool is run in parallel to provide sizing and cost information for each of these designs. After executing a design of Experiments over the trade space, surrogate models are created with the simulation outputs to predict cost and performance such that stakeholders can have quantifiable rationale for early programmatic decisions. A case study is presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the framework to meet a set of cost constraints and performance requirements in a representative scenario trading different satellite and RSO orbits in the cislunar regime. Visualizations of the feas

关键词： Orbits

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CO_(2)Plume Geothermal(CPG)systems for Combined Heat and Power Production:an Evaluation of Various Plant Configurations

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Journal of Thermal Science 2022年第5期31卷 1266-1278页

作者： SCHIFFLECHNER Christopher WIELAND Christoph SPLIETHOFF Hartmut Chair of Energy Systems TUM School of Engineering and DesignTechnical University of Munich85747 GarchingGermany

CO_(2) Plume Geothermal(CPG)systems are a promising concept for utilising petrothermal resources in the context of a future carbon capture utilisation and sequestration *** geothermal energy has a tremendous worldwide potential for decarbonising both the power and heating *** paper investigates three potential CPG configurations for combined heating and power generation(CHP).The present work examines scenarios with reservoir depths of 4 km and 5 km,as well as required district heating system(DHS)supply temperatures of 70℃ and 90℃.The results reveal that a two-staged serial CHP concept eventuates in the highest achievable net power *** a thermosiphon system,the relative net power reduction by the CHP option compared with a sole power generation system is significantly lower than for a pumped *** net power reduction for pumped systems lies between 62.6%and 22.9%.For a thermosiphon system with a depth of 5 km and a required DHS supply temperature of 70℃,the achievable net power by the most beneficial CHP option is even 9.2%higher than for sole power generation *** second law efficiency for the sole power generation concepts are in a range between 33.0%and 43.0%.The second law efficiency can increase up to 63.0%in the case of a CHP ***,the combined heat and power generation can significantly increase the overall second law efficiency of a CPG *** evaluation of the achievable revenues demonstrates that a CHP application might improve the economic performance of both thermosiphon and pumped CPG ***,the minimum heat revenue required for compensating the power reduction increases with higher electricity *** summary,the results of this work provide valuable insights for the potential development of CPG systems for CHP applications and their economic feasibility.

关键词： deep geothermal energy combined heat and power generation CO_(2)plume geothermal systems petrothermal resources carbon capture utilisation and storage

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OFDM-structure based waveform designs for integrated sensing and communication

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第5期68卷 267-284页

作者： Jiaqi LIU Ping YANG Ke JIANG Jiarong ZHAO Wei XIANG Jianping WEI Ruixiang DUAN Saviour ZAMMIT Tony Q.S.QUEK National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Computing Engineering and Mathematical Sciences La Trobe University Meituan Academy of Robotics Department of Communications and Computer Engineering University of Malta Information Systems Technology and Design Pillar Singapore University of Technology and Design

The future sixth-generation(6G) paradigm aims to seamlessly integrate communication and environmental sensing capabilities into a single radio signal, promising improved efficiency and cost-effectiveness through simultaneous data communications and environmental perception. At the core of this evolution, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) and its advanced waveforms emerge as pivotal for integrated sensing and communications(ISAC). This study introduces a concise and unified ISAC waveform design framework based on orthogonal multicarriers. This framework supports versatile applications of OFDM and its derivative waveforms within a generalized ISAC system, marking a significant leap in integrating communication and sensing capabilities. A distinguishing feature of this framework is its adaptability,allowing users to intelligently select modulation strategies based on their specific environmental needs. This adaptability optimizes performance across diverse scenarios. Central to our innovations is the proposal of discrete Fourier transformspread OFDM with index modulation(DFT-S-OFDM-IM). This framework is paired with newly proposed signal processing methods for single-input single-output and multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) systems. Extensive evaluations highlight DFT-S-OFDM-IM's superiority, including dramatically reduced peak-to-average power ratios(PAPRs), competitive communication performance, and exceptional sensing capabilities, striking an elegant balance between communication capacity and environmental sensing precision.

关键词： DFT-S-OFDM-IM index modulation integrated sensing and communication OFDM

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