Solvent extraction is the main method used to separate and purify rare earth *** the process of rare earths extraction,emulsification often generated due to the instability of the aqueous and organic phases or imprope...
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Solvent extraction is the main method used to separate and purify rare earth *** the process of rare earths extraction,emulsification often generated due to the instability of the aqueous and organic phases or improper operating *** emulsification occurs,it would not only lead to low rare earths recovery efficiency,small product quantities,high production costs and the losing of extractant and rare earth resources,but also result in serious environmental ***,it is very important to study the micro-mechanisms of emulsification and establish new methods to prevent emulsification at the *** this paper,possible factors resulting in emulsification,such as the compositions and properties of the organic and aqueous phases,the operating conditions of the rare earths extraction are *** micro-mechanisms of emulsification are summarized basing on the microscopic structures in the bulk phase,aggregations of the extractants at the organic-aqueous interface,spectral characterizations and computational *** this basis,new formation mechanisms are proposed for *** explorations are employed to verify the correctness of these new ***,future directions for studies of the emulsification micro-mechanism are *** study provides a theoretical basis for further understanding the micro-mechanisms of interfacial instability resulting in emulsification in the process of rare earths extraction.
Decision-making of connected and automated vehicles(CAV)includes a sequence of driving maneuvers that improve safety and efficiency,characterized by complex scenarios,strong uncertainty,and high real-time *** reinforc...
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Decision-making of connected and automated vehicles(CAV)includes a sequence of driving maneuvers that improve safety and efficiency,characterized by complex scenarios,strong uncertainty,and high real-time *** reinforcement learning(DRL)exhibits excellent capability of real-time decision-making and adaptability to complex scenarios,and generalization ***,it is arduous to guarantee complete driving safety and efficiency under the constraints of training samples and *** paper proposes a Mixture of Expert method(MoE)based on Soft Actor-Critic(SAC),where the upper-level discriminator dynamically decides whether to activate the lower-level DRL expert or the heuristic expert based on the features of the input *** further enhance the performance of the DRL expert,a buffer zone is introduced in the reward function,preemptively applying penalties before insecure situations *** order to minimize collision and off-road rates,the Intelligent Driver Model(IDM)and Minimizing Overall Braking Induced by Lane changes(MOBIL)strategy are designed by heuristic ***,tested in typical simulation scenarios,MOE shows a 13.75%improvement in driving efficiency compared with the traditional DRL method with continuous action *** ensures high safety with zero collision and zero off-road rates while maintaining high adaptability.
This article designs a 14-bit successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter（SAR ADC）.A novel digital bubble sorting calibration method is proposed and applied to eliminate the effect of capacitor mis...
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This article designs a 14-bit successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter（SAR ADC）.A novel digital bubble sorting calibration method is proposed and applied to eliminate the effect of capacitor mismatch on the linearity of the SAR ADC. To reduce the number of capacitors, a hybrid architecture of a high 8-bit binary-weighted capacitor array and a low 6-bit resistor array is adopted by the digital-to-analog（DAC）. The common-mode voltage VCM-based switching scheme is chosen to reduce the switching energy and area of the DAC. The time-domain comparator is employed to obtain lower power consumption. Sampling is performed through a gate voltage bootstrapped switch to reduce the nonlinear errors introduced when sampling the input signal. Moreover, the SAR logic and the whole calibration is totally implemented on-chip through digital integrated circuit（IC） tools such as design compiler, IC compiler, etc. Finally, a prototype is designed and implemented using 0.18 μm bipolar-complementary metal oxide semiconductor（CMOS）-double-diffused MOS 1.8 V CMOS technology. The measurement results show that the SAR ADC with on-chip bubble sorting calibration method achieves the signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio of 69.75 dB and the spurious-free dynamic range of 83.77 dB.
Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),with their highly coordinated structure,high porosity,and tunability have piqued vast scientific attention as a promising platform for creating high-efficiency electrocatalysts for water...
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Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),with their highly coordinated structure,high porosity,and tunability have piqued vast scientific attention as a promising platform for creating high-efficiency electrocatalysts for water ***,the conventional methods of creating MOF-derived electrocatalysts are time-and energy-consuming and often lead to significant aggregation of metal particles and the formation of non-homogeneous porous *** this research,we leverage the potential of the MOF-template-directed fabrication approach,combined with microwave heating and laser-assisted post-treatment,to develop a facile,scalable,and versatile strategy for electrocatalyst ***,hierarchically structured Ni-based MOF-74 was rapidly synthesized from the Ni hydroxide nanosheet arrays deposited onto a Ni foam substrate using microwave-assisted ***,the obtained structures were treated using a focused laser to create MOF-74(Ni)-derived composite electrocatalyst featuring encapsulated nickel oxide *** resulting electrocatalyst exhibited high efficiency and stability for facilitating the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)under alkaline *** outstanding electrocatalytic performance of the developed material enables it to reach a current density of 50 mA/cm?at an overpotential of 318 *** electrocatalytic activity can be attributed to its distinctive morphology,which offers numerous exposed active sites for water *** experimental data gathered in this study is anticipated to be of significant value for the synthesis of other MOF-derived composite materials featuring hierarchical ***,the study emphasized the importance of using a combination of microwave heating and laser-assisted post-treatment of MOFs to achieve a sustainable and efficient process for electrocatalyst synthesis.
For high-fidelity single-pixel complex-amplitude measurement, we implement robust and regularized wavefront separation by integrating multi-distance correlated reconstruction with constrained alternating projection re...
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Deep learning methods have played a prominent role in the development of computer visualization in recent years. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a popular analytical technique based on spectroscopy and visible imaging ...
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In this article, a comprehensive performance analysis of the emerging and novel TreeFET is demonstrated at 3-nm technology node. The TreeFET is realized by combining nanosheet FET (NSFET) and fin-like interbridge (IB)...
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Alumina dispersion-strengthened copper (ADSC), as a representative particle-reinforced metal matrix composite (PRMMC), exhibits superior wear resistance and high strength. However, challenges arise in their processabi...
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Alumina dispersion-strengthened copper (ADSC), as a representative particle-reinforced metal matrix composite (PRMMC), exhibits superior wear resistance and high strength. However, challenges arise in their processability because of the non-uniform material properties of biphasic materials. In particular, limited research has been conducted on the reinforcement mechanism and behavior of particles during material cutting deformation of PRMMC with nanoscale particles. In this study, a cutting simulation model for ADSC was established, separating the nanoscale reinforcement particles from the matrix. This model was utilized to analyze the interactions among particles, matrix, and tool during the cutting process, providing insights into chip formation and fracture. Particles with high strength and hardness are more prone to storing stress concentrations, anchoring themselves at grain boundaries to resist grain fibration, thereby influencing the stress distribution in the cutting deformation zone. Stress concentration around the particles leads to the formation of discontinuous chips, indicating that ADSC with high-volume fractions of particle (VFP) exhibits low cutting continuity, which is consistent with the results of cutting experiments. The tool tip that is in contact with particles experiences stress concentration, thereby accelerating tool wear. Cutting ADSC with 1.1% VFP results in tool blunting, which increases the radius of cutting edge from 0.5 to 1.9 μm, accompanied with remarkable coating delamination and wear. Simulation results indicate that the minimum uncut chip thickness increases from 0.04 to 0.07 μm as VFP increases from 0.3% to 1.1%. In conjunction with scratch experiments, MUCT increases with the augmentation of VFP. Computational analysis of the specific cutting force indicates that particles contribute to the material’s size effect. The results of this study provide theoretical guidance for practical engineering machining of ADSC, indicating its g
Li-argyrodites are promising solid electrolytes （SEs） for solid-state Li-ion batteries （SSLBs）,but their large-scale industrial application remains a *** synthesis methods for SEs suffer from long reaction times a...
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Li-argyrodites are promising solid electrolytes （SEs） for solid-state Li-ion batteries （SSLBs）,but their large-scale industrial application remains a *** synthesis methods for SEs suffer from long reaction times and high energy *** this study,we present a wet process for the synthesis of halogen-rich argyrodite Li6-aPS5-aCl1+aprecursors (LPSCl1+a-P,a=0–0.7) via an energysaving microwave-assisted *** vibrational heating,we accelerate the formation of Liargyrodite precursor,even at excessive Cl-ion concentration,which significantly shortens the reaction time compared to traditional *** crystallization,we successfully synthesize the Liargyrodite,Li5.5PS4.5Cl1.5,which exhibits the superior ionic conductivity (7.8 mS cm-1) and low activation energy （0.23 eV） along with extremely low electric *** Li5.5PS4.5Cl1.5exhibits superior Li compatibility owing to its high reversible striping/plating ability （over 5000 h） and high current density acceptability (1.3 mA cm-2).It also exhibits excellent cycle reversibility and rate capability with NCM622 cathode (148.3 mA h g-1at 1 C for 100 cycles with capacity retention of 85.6%).This finding suggests a potentially simpler and more scalable synthetic route to produce high-performance SEs.
Aided by device-to-device(D2D) connections, unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) can significantly enhance the coverage of wireless communications. In this paper, we consider a data collection system with the assistance of D2...
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Aided by device-to-device(D2D) connections, unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) can significantly enhance the coverage of wireless communications. In this paper, we consider a data collection system with the assistance of D2D, where two fixed-wing UAVs as aerial base stations cooperatively serve the ground devices. To accommodate more devices, we propose two effective algorithms to establish the multi-hop D2D connections. Then, the user scheduling, UAV trajectory, and transmit power are jointly optimized to maximize the energy efficiency, which is a non-convex problem. Accordingly, we decompose it into three subproblems. The scheduling optimization is first converted into a linear programming. Then, the trajectory design and the transmit power optimization are reformulated as two convex problems by the Dinkelbach method. Finally, an iterative algorithm is proposed to effectively solve the original problem. Simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
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