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Revealing the signal of QCD phase transition in heavy-ion collisions

Science China(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第5期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 105-116页

作者： Yi Lu Fei Gao Xiaofeng Luo Lei Chang Yuxin Liu State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Department of Physics Peking University School of Physics Beijing Institute of Technology Key Laboratory of Quark & Lepton Physics (MOE) Institute of Particle Physics Central China Normal University School of Physics Nankai University Center for High Energy Physics Peking University Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter

We propose a novel criterion to identify the first-order QCD phase transition and the critical end-point (CEP) via directly the netproton number fluctuations measured in relativistic heavy-ion collision (RHIC) *** this method,we show that there has not yet been a direct signal of the CEP of QCD according to the currently available data accumulated in the beam energy scan experiments with ■.However,there is still a possibility for the CEP to appear in the matter generated by the collisions with energy below 7.7 Ge V,and its identification requires future measurements with high statistics for the high-order cumulants at low collision energies.

关键词： QCD phase transition critical end-point baryon number fluctuations thermodynamic potential relativistic heavy-ion collisions

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The machine learning implementation and theoretical foundations of intelligent control of accelerator particle beams

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Science China(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第2期68卷 199-200页

作者： XueQing Yan State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The intelligent control of accelerator particle beams,achieved through machine learning,offers a new opportunity for the design and regulation of high-power,high-intensity *** recent years,this technology has been applied in several practical *** instance,the DeepMind team successfully used reinforcement learning to control the plasma in a Tokamak device with 19 control magnets[1].

关键词： particle instance accelerator

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Detector array with digital data acquisition system for charged-particle decay studies

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nuclear Science and Techniques 2025年第4期36卷 140-150页

作者： Hao Jian Xin-Xing Xu Kai-Long Wang Jia-Jian Liu Chao-Yi Fu Peng-Jie Li Yan-Yun Yang Guang-Xin Zhang Kang Wang Fang-Fang Duan Long-Hui Ru Guang-Shun Li Bing Ding Yun-Hua Qiang Cen-Xi Yuan Jun-Bing Ma Shi-Wei Xu Yu-Feng Gao Rui Fan Fan-Chao Dai Si-Xian Zha Hao-Fan Zhu Jin-Hai Li Shu-Lian Qin Zhi-Fang Chang Cheng Kong He-Xuan Yan Hao-Wei Xu Jia-Long Ning Bo-Ren Liu Jie Zhou Yu-Dong Chen Bo-Shuai Cai Yu-Ting Wang Hong-Yi Wu Zhi-Xuan Wang Dong-Sheng Hou Hu-Shan Xu Xiao-Hong Zhou Yu-Hu Zhang Meng Wang Zheng-Guo Hu Jenny Lee State Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Science and Technology Institute of Modern PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory Huizhou 516003China Department of Physics The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics Henan Normal UniversityXinxiang 453007China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Data China Institute of Atomic EnergyBeijing 102413China School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

A state-of-the-art detector array with a digital data acquisition system has been developed for charged-particle decay studies,includingβ-delayed protons,αdecay,and direct proton emissions from exotic proton-rich *** digital data acquisition system enables precise synchronization and processing of complex signals from various detectors,such as plastic scintillators,silicon detectors,and germaniumγ*** system's performance was evaluated using theβdecay of^(32)Ar and its neighboring nuclei,produced via projectile fragmentation at the first Radioactive Ion Beam Line in Lanzhou(RIBLL1).key measurements,including the half-life,charged-particle spectrum,andγ-ray spectrum,were obtained and compared with previous results for *** the implantation–decay method,the isotopes of interest were implanted into two doublesided silicon strip detectors,where their subsequent decays were measured and correlated with preceding implantations using both position and time *** detection system has potential for further applications,including the study ofβ-delayed charged-particle decay and direct proton emissions from even more exotic proton-rich nuclei.

关键词： β-delayed proton decay Double-sided silicon strip detector High-purity germanium detector Digital data acquisition system Implantation–decay correlation

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Octupole correlations in stable nucleus ^(153)Eu within reflection-asymmetric particle rotor model

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Chinese physics C 2025年第1期49卷 216-222页

作者： Yuanyuan Wang Shuangquan Zhang Mathematics and Physics Department North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China Hebei Key Laboratory of Physics and Energy Technology North China Electric Power UniversityBaoding 071000China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The observed low-lying K=5/2^(±) positive-and negative-parity bands in the stable nucleus ^(153)Eu are investigated using the reflection-asymmetric triaxial particle rotor *** experimental energy spectra,energy staggering parameters,and intraband E2 and M1 transition probabilities are well *** calculated interband B(E1)values are found to depend sensitively on the octupole deformation parameter β_(30),although the energy spectra and intraband E2 and M1 transitions can be reproduced without the octupole degree of *** observed enhanced E1 transition probabilities can be reproduced with β_(30)=*** detailed analysis of the intrinsic wave functions shows these nearly degenerate positive-and negative-parity bands are built on two individual proton configurations,i.e.,dominated by πg_(7/2)[Ω=5/2]and πh_(11/2)[Ω=5/2],respectively,which differs from the parity doublet bands built on a single parity-mixed configuration.

关键词： octupole correlations parity doublet bands electromagnetic transitions reflection-asymmetric triaxial particle rotor model

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Omnidirectionally impedance-matched phononic crystals for full-parameter transformation acoustics

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Science China(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第5期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 20-25页

作者： Chenkai Liu Jie Luo Xiaozhou Liu Yun Lai MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University School of Physical Science and Technology & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Frontier Material Physics and Devices Soochow University State Key Laboratory of Acoustics Institute of Acoustics Chinese Academy of Sciences

In this work, we present an approach to realize full-parameter transformation acoustic media utilizing phononic crystals instead of metamaterials, which has the exceptional advantages of omnidirectional impedance matching and configurable dispersion surfaces. By employing a sandwich structure, we demonstrate phononic crystals that exhibit tunable shifted elliptical equal frequency contours and nearly omnidirectional impedance matching simultaneously. Two typical acoustic devices, including a beam shifter and an illusionary scatterer of different size, are demonstrated with the phononic crystal approach. Our work provides a practical platform for implementing full-parameter transformation acoustics, opening avenues for versatile applications such as advanced acoustic imaging and stealth technologies.

关键词： phononic crystals transformation acoustics omnidirectional impedance matching configurable dispersion surfaces

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Modulation of the octahedral structure and potential superconductivity of La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7)through strain engineering

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Science China(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第3期68卷 145-152页

作者： Zihao Huo Zhihui Luo Peng Zhang Aiqin Yang Zhengtao Liu Xiangru Tao Zihan Zhang Shumin Guo Qiwen Jiang Wenxuan Chen Dao-Xin Yao Defang Duan Tian Cui Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods&Software of Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Superhard MaterialsCollege of PhysicsJilin UniversityChangchun130012China Center for Neutron Science and Technology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and DevicesState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of PhysicsSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Mesoscopic PhysicsSchool of PhysicsXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China Institute of High Pressure Physics School of Physical Science and TechnologyNingbo UniversityNingbo315211China

The recent transport measurements of La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7)uncovered a“right-triangle”shape of the superconducting dome in the pressure-temperature(P-T)phase *** by this,we perform theoretical first-principles studies of La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7)with the pressure ranging from 0 to 100 ***,we reveal a pressure dependence of the Ni-d_(z^(2))electron density at the Fermi energy(n_(z)^(E_(F)))that highly coincides with such *** this basis,we further explore the electronic structure under uniaxial *** tracking the stress response of n_(z)^(E_(F)),we propose that superconductivity can be achieved by applying only ~2GPa of compression along the c *** idea is further exemplified from the perspectives of lattice distortion,band structure,Fermi surface and superconducting phase *** also discuss the possible charge modulation under the stress and provide an insight into the relation between nz E Fand the superconducting T_(c)in La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7)*** study provides new routes to the search of high-T_(c)superconductors in future experiments.

关键词： nickelate superconductors density functional theory strong correlated systems strain engineering

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Performance limit prediction of atomically thin In2O3 transistors

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第4期68卷 399-400页

作者： Zongmeng YANG Shibo FANG Linqiang XU Qiuhui LI Jichao DONG Ying LI Baochun WU Mughira GHAFOOR Peiqi YANG Ying GUO Shimin HOU Zhaochu LUO Jing LU State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics Peking University State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics Tsinghua University Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of NanodevicesDepartment of Electronics Peking University School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an University of Technology School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering Shaanxi Key Laboratory of CatalysisShaanxi University of Technology Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices (BKL-MEMD) Peking University Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices Peking University Beijing Key Laboratory of Quantum Devices Peking University

Moore's law requires the downscaling of metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors（MOSFETs） for future integrated circuits（ICs） development. The performance of Si-based MOSFETs becomes insufficient to meet the standards outlined in the international technology roadmap for semiconductors（ITRS） due to short-channel effects as the channel length shrinks below 10 nm [1]. Ultrathin thin In2O3films with atomically smooth surfaces have recently been fabricated using atomic layer deposition（ALD） [2].

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Jet tagging with more-interaction particle transformer

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Chinese physics C 2025年第1期49卷 164-176页

作者： Yifan Wu Kun Wang Congqiao Li Huilin Qu Jingya Zhu College of Science University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China CERN EP DepartmentCH-1211 Geneva 23Switzerland School of Physics and Electronics Henan UniversityKaifeng 475004China

In this paper,we introduce the More-Interaction Particle Transformer(MIParT),a novel deep-learning neural network designed for jet *** framework incorporates our own design,the More-Interaction Attention(MIA)mechanism,which increases the dimensionality of particle interaction *** tested MIParT using the top tagging and quark-gluon *** results show that MIParT not only matches the accuracy and AUC of LorentzNet and a series of Lorentz-equivariant methods,but also significantly outperforms the ParT model in background ***,it improves background rejection by approximately 25% with a signal efficiency of 30% on the top tagging dataset and by 3% on the quark-gluon ***,MIParT requires only 30% of the parameters and 53% of the computational complexity needed by ParT,proving that high performance can be achieved with reduced model *** very large datasets,we double the dimension of particle embeddings,referring to this variant as MIParT-Large(MIParT-L).We found that MIParT-L can further capitalize on the knowledge from large *** a model pre-trained on the 100M JetClass dataset,the background rejection performance of fine-tuned MIParT-L improves by 39% on the top tagging dataset and by 6% on the quark-gluon dataset,surpassing that of fine-tuned ***,the background rejection of fine-tuned MIParT-L improves by an additional 2% compared to that of fine-tuned *** results suggest that MIParT has the potential to increase the efficiency of benchmarks for jet tagging and event identification in particle physics.

关键词： jet tagging collider physics machine learning

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A novel Li-ion based transistor within LiCoO2/Li6.75La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12/Ag scheme

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2025年第1期35卷 194-200页

作者： Jixiang Yin Houning Song Peirong Li Yuzhi Xing Supeng Chen Qi Liang Yu Feng Dong Yang Wenxiao Zhao Dong Wang Qinghao Li Pengfei Yu Qiang Li Xiaosong Liu Yanxue Chen College of Physics Qingdao University School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University Center for Transformative Science ShanghaiTech University National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China

Traditional electronic devices are reaching their physical limits as they shrink in size to improve integration. Solid ionic devices have become promising candidate to avoid tunneling effect and address these constraints, but the response time are typically sluggish. In recent years, the rapid development of solid electrolyte and solid-state battery provide superior choices to overcome limitations in ion transport. In this work, we construct an ionic transistor within Ag/LiCoO2/Li6.75La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12（LLZTO）/Ag structure. LiCoO2serves as the channel layer of the transistor, with LLZTO acting as the electrolyte to isolate electrons and facilitate ion conduction, and Ag as the gate/anode. XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and electrochemical characterization confirm lithiation and *** characterization demonstrates the continuous resistive switching of the LiCoO2channel layer between high and low resistive states under pulsed gate voltage control, exhibiting high reversibility and long cycle stability. By combining X-ray absorption spectroscopy（XAS） and X-ray emission spectroscopy（XES）, the transition between high and low resistive states can be well clarified by a first-order Mott transition scheme. These results provide new perspectives for performance improvement and further development of ionic devices.

关键词： Electrolytes Ionic conductivity Phase transitions Transistors X-ray spectroscopy

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Effect of order–disorder transition on thermodynamic and electronic properties of σ and χ phases in W–Re alloy: the first-principles calculation

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Tungsten 2025年第1期7卷 195-213页

作者： Zhi-Peng Zhu Dian Jia William Yi Wang Jun-Lei Yin Xing-Yu Gao Shu-Feng Yang Hai-Feng Song Jin-Shan Li State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical University Laboratory of Computational Physics Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing

The Tungsten-Rhenium(W-Re) alloys,celebrated for their high melting point,strength at elevated temperatures,electrical resistivity,and radiation resistance,have been widely utilized in high-temperature components,aerospace,electronics,and nuclear *** constituents of the topologically close-packed(TCP) phases,the sigma phase(σ) and chi phase(χ) formed within W-Re alloys wield considerable influence on the mechanical properties and the stability of the *** calculations were utilized in the present work to explore the structural,thermodynamic,and electronic properties of both ordered and disordered configurations within the σ and χ phases,culminating in a systematic elucidation of the higher phase stability exhibited by the ordered *** is found that the bulk modulus of these two phases is directly proportional to the concentration of Re in the alloy,while the equilibrium volume is inversely *** thermodynamic parameters of the σ and χ phases are calculated via the mean-field potential *** similar trends observed in the isobaric heat capacity,enthalpy increment,and entropy change curves for these two phases suggest they possess comparable thermodynamic *** is noteworthy that the contribution of ionic vibrations predominantly affects the isobaric heat capacity,while the contribution of thermal electronic excitations increases linearly with *** the structure and thermodynamic properties of TCP phases in W-Re alloys at low temperatures has profound significance for optimizing material performance,microstructures features,establishing theoretical foundations,and predicting material behavior.

关键词： First-principles calculations Phase stability Thermodynamic properties W-Re alloy TCP phases

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