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Direct Synthesis of Layer-Tunable and Transfer-Free Graphene on Device-Compatible Substrates Using Ion Implantation Toward Versatile Applications

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第5期7卷 408-418页

作者： Bingkun Wang Jun Jiang Kevin Baldwin Huijuan Wu Li Zheng Mingming Gong Xuehai Ju Gang Wang Caichao Ye Yongqiang Wang Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering School of Physical Science and TechnologyNingbo UniversityNingbo 315211China Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of MOE School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos Alamos 87545New MexicoUSA National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200050China Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies&Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Science and Material Design Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Materials Science and Technology Division Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos Alamos 87545New MexicoUSA

Direct synthesis of layer-tunable and transfer-free graphene on technologically important substrates is highly valued for various electronics and device *** of the art in the field is currently a two-step process:a high-quality graphene layer synthesis on metal substrate through chemical vapor deposition(CVD)followed by delicate layer transfer onto device-relevant ***,we report a novel synthesis approach combining ion implantation for a precise graphene layer control and dual-metal smart Janus substrate for a diffusion-limiting graphene formation to directly synthesize large area,high quality,and layer-tunable graphene films on arbitrary substrates without the post-synthesis layer transfer ***(C)ion implantation was performed on Cu-Ni film deposited on a variety of device-relevant substrates.A well-controlled number of layers of graphene,primarily monolayer and bilayer,is precisely controlled by the equivalent fluence of the implanted C-atoms(1 monolayer~4×10^(15)C-atoms/cm^(2)).Upon thermal annealing to promote Cu-Ni alloying,the pre-implanted C-atoms in the Ni layer are pushed toward the Ni/substrate interface by the top Cu layer due to the poor C-solubility in *** a result,the expelled C-atoms precipitate into a graphene structure at the interface facilitated by the Cu-like alloy *** removing the alloyed Cu-like surface layer,the layer-tunable graphene on the desired substrate is directly *** layer-selectivity,high quality,and uniformity of the graphene films are not only confirmed with detailed characterizations using a suite of surface analysis techniques but more importantly are successfully demonstrated by the excellent properties and performance of several devices directly fabricated from these graphene *** dynamics(MD)simulations using the reactive force field(ReaxFF)were performed to elucidate the graphene formation mechanisms in this novel synthesis *** the wide use of ion

关键词： device applications dual-metal smart Janus substrate growth mechanism Ion implantation layer-tunable and transfer-free graphene

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Development and Verification of a New Depletion, Activation and Radiation Source Term Calculation Code 23rd

Development and Verification of a New Depletion, Activation ...

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23rd Pacific Basin Nuclear Conference, PBNC 2022

作者： Wen, Xingjian Zhai, Zian Tang, Songqian Tian, Chao Liu, Zhouyu Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory Nuclear Power Institute of China Sichuan Chengdu China Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’anShaanxi China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819910229

Existing depletion and source term calculation codes lack flexible interfaces, which is difficult to meet the actual engineering design needs. Based on the Chebyshev rational approximation method, a new depletion, activation and source term calculation code TIST is developed and verified. Full-fidelity depletion library based on ENDF-VII.0 and EAF2010 contains 3837 isotopes is generated. Flexible interfaces are built-in to support cross sections from different sources for depletion and activation calculations. The EAF2010 library and the cross sections from the high-fidelity code NECP-X are adopted by TIST for the verification in this work. Based on the nuclide inventory of the depletion and activation calculation, the radiation source term calculation capability of TIST is developed, including the radioactivity, the decay heat, the neutron source and the photon source. The comparison results with NECP-X and FISPACT demonstrate good accuracy of TIST. © 2023, The Author(s).

关键词： Chemical activation

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Experimental Study on Geometry Characteristics of Turbulent Premixed Flames for Natural Gas/Air Mixtures

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Journal of Thermal science 2025年第1期34卷 268-282页

作者： ZHENG Weilin WANG Qijiao XIAO Huahua CHEN Xiaoxiao XIE Fan ZENG Wen Liaoning Key Lab of Advanced Test Technology for Aerospace Propulsion System Shenyang Aerospace UniversityShenyang 110136China State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China AVIC Shenyang Aircraft Design and Research Institute Shenyang 110035China

In this study,focusing on the geometry characteristics of spherical expanding flame,the turbulent premixed flames of natural gas/air mixtures were investigated in a fan-stirred turbulent *** effects of initial temperature(T=300-400 K),initial pressure(P=0.1-0.3 MPa),turbulence intensity(u'=1.0-2.7 m/s),oxygen volumetric percentage(φ(O_(2))=15%-21%)and carbon dioxide volumetric percentage(φ(CO_(2))=0-20%)were delved *** flame profile under the Cartesian coordinate system was derived from the schlieren images taken by the high-speed ***,from both macroscopic and microscopic perspectives,the influence of experimental conditions on the flame geometry characteristics was explored through flame front extraction,wavelet decomposition and network *** results demonstrate that for significant flame wrinkling,changes in species concentrations and turbulence intensity have more pronounced effects on the flame wrinkling *** wrinkling of the flame front maintains a certain degree of similarity,as evidenced by the locally concentrated distribution of the angles of the maximum fluctuation *** disturbance energy under large-scale(D6-D8)disturbances exhibits relatively high values with a similar trend,exerting a significant impact on the geometry characteristics of the flame *** peaks of correlation degree are scattered either with the decomposition scale or the development of flame radius,indicating no linear correlation between different detail ***,the probability distribution of node degrees in key wrinkled regions exhibits different trends with that of large-scale wrinkling and disturbance energy,especially with changes in initial *** occurs because the number of key wrinkles varies based on the perturbation's strength or the region's ***,an increase in the fluctuation frequency of the flame's local radius may not necessarily lead to an increase in the number of key folded regions.

关键词： geometry characteristics large-scale wrinkling wavelet decomposition network topology fan-stirred turbulent combustor

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COMPARISON OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS METHODS OF COOLANT ENVIRONMENTAL FATIGUE BASED ON STRAIN RATE CONTROL 29

COMPARISON OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS METHODS OF COOLANT ENVIRONM...

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2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering, ICONE 2022

作者： Shao, Xuejiao Xie, Hai Zhang, Yixiong Xiong, Furui Wang, Xinjun Shi, Kaikai Yu, Mingda Huang, Xuan Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory Nuclear Power Institute of China Chengdu China

ISBN: (纸本)9780791886397

In this paper, the transformed strain rate of environmental fatigue correction factor (Fen), which is used to consider the influence of PWR primary coolant environment on material fatigue, is studied. EPRI's guideline and theAFCEN's probationary phase rule (RPP) No.3 of Volume VI in RCC-M 2017 edition provide two different calculation methods of transformed strain rate separately. NUREG CR-6909 gives two versions of prediction models of Fen for Low alloy steel, nickel base alloy and austenitic stainless steel which are the three main materials of the primary circuit system. In this paper, the model and transients of Sample 2 in EPRI's guideline are selected for calculation and comparison, so as to verify whether the analysis method is reasonable. Firstly, the fatigue analysis in air is carried out, and then based on the combination, the detailed calculation of strain rate is carried out to calculate environmental fatigue results. The analysis results are compared with the results of guideline, and the valuesare close. Then, the main pipeline safety injection nozzle components with small fatigue margin in PWR are selected to carry out environmental fatigue analysis. In the analysis, different methods of calculating modified strain rates are used, and different prediction models in CR-6909 are *** coefficient of Fenintegratedin RPP3 isconsidered, and the effects of various calculation methods on the results are compared. The results show that for austenitic stainless steel, the results of RCC-M RPP3 method are mostly less than those of EPRI guidelines. Compared with the prediction model of NUREG CR-6909 version 0, the prediction model version 1 greatly decreases the Fen results. Copyright © 2022 by ASME.

关键词： Strain rate

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Determination of Hardware Logic Drawing Simulation Modeling Criteria and Its Application in Nuclear Safety-Class DCS 6th

Determination of Hardware Logic Drawing Simulation Modeling ...

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6th International Symposium on Software Reliability, Industrial Safety, Cyber Security and Physical Protection of Nuclear Power Plant, ISNPP 2021

作者： Zhang, Xu Chen, Shi-Yong Yao, Zhang Deng, Zhi-Guang Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory Nuclear Power Institute of China Chengdu China

ISBN: (纸本)9789811911804

In digital control system (DCS) design, independent hardware logic circuit design is usually used to deal with common causes failures of software. Due to the distinct difference between the design criteria of electrical design diagram and logic schematic diagram, the hardware logic verification should be carried out in the form of translation simulation. In this paper, the modeling criteria of DCS hardware logic simulation are summarized. The modeling criteria take into account both the standard engineering hardware logic drawing specifications and the characteristics of Simulink platform, and the DCS hardware logic electrical design information is translated to the Simulink platform for automatic redrawing according to specific criteria. A complete hardware logic simulation system was established based on the modeling criteria, and the application was verified in HPR 1000 Zhangzhou nuclear power plant project. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Digital control systems

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STUDY ON HYDROGEN RISK VENTING MITIGATION MEASURE OF SMALL STEEL CONTAINMENT DURING SEVERE ACCIDENT 29

STUDY ON HYDROGEN RISK VENTING MITIGATION MEASURE OF SMALL S...

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2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering, ICONE 2022

作者： Zou, Zhiqiang Zhang, Hang Zhang, Ming Peng, Huanhuan Xu, Youyou Deng, Jian Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory Nuclear Power Institute of China Chengdu China

ISBN: (纸本)9780791886465

The hydrogen risk in small steel containment is one of the most important safety problems of small modular reactor (SMR), effective measures need to be taken to mitigate the risk of high concentration hydrogen in a small free volume during severe accidents. In the early stage of a severe accident caused by a loss of coolant accident, the pressure in the containment may rise rapidly, probably triggering the immediate venting of the containment, which can protect the integrity of the containment in the stage of pressure rise in the short term. In the later stage of a severe accident, the generation of hydrogen from reactor core may cause hydrogen combustion or even explosion, which may cause the possibility of overpressure in the containment. In this paper, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) GASFLOW-MPI code is used to analyze the effect of containment venting measures on hydrogen risk in small steel containment of SMR during severe accident initiated by direct vessel injection line break loss-of-coolant. The analysis results show that the venting action can effectively depressurize the containment, the larger the area of the venting pipe is, the more obvious the depressurization effect is. However, hydrogen cannot be effectively discharged in the middle and later stage of the accident, so the risk of hydrogen cannot be completely eliminated, and the possibility of flame acceleration in containment cannot be ruled out for the reason that the negative pressure generated by water vapor condensation will suck in the air outside the containment and form a combustible gas cloud again. Copyright © 2022 by ASME.

关键词： Risk assessment

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Enhanced nitrate removal from groundwater using a conductive spacer in flow-electrode capacitive deionization

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第8期35卷 379-382页

作者： Hongjie Guo Qiang Wei Yangyang Wu Wei Qiu Hongliang Li Changyong Zhang College of Mining Engineering Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials Department of Modern MechanicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Flow-electrode capacitive deionization(FCDI)represents a promising approach for ion separation from aqueous ***,the optimization of spacer,particularly for nitrate-contaminated groundwa-ter systems,has often been *** research comprehensively investigates the influence of using a conductive(carbon cloth,CC)spacer on nitrate removal performance within FCDI system,comparing it to a non-conductive(nylon net,NN)*** both CC and NN FCDI systems,it is unsurprisingly that nitrate removal efficiency improved notably with the increasing current density and hydraulic retention time(HRT).Interestingly,the specific energy consumption(SEC)for nitrate removal did not show obvious fluctuations when the current density and HRT varied in both *** the auspiciously optimized process parameters,CC-FCDI attained a 20%superior nitrate removal efficiency relative to NN-FCDI,ac-companied by a notably diminished SEC for CC-FCDI,registering at a mere 28%of *** great improvement can be primarily attributed to the decrement in FCDI internal resistance after using con-ductive spacer,which further confirmed by electrochemical tests such as linear sweep voltammetry(LSV)and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).Upon prolonged continuous nitrate removal at the optimized conditions,the CC-FCDI system achieved a consistent 90%nitrate removal efficiency with a low SEC of 2.7-7.8 kWh/kg NO_(3)-N,underscoring its steady ***,this study highlights the pivotal importance of careful spacer design and optimization in realizing energy-efficient groundwater treatment via FCDI.

关键词： Flow-electrode capacitive deionization Carbon cloth Nitrate Underground water Ions transport

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SGTR ANALYSIS OFSMR ONCE-THROUGH STEAM GENERATOR 29

SGTR ANALYSIS OFSMR ONCE-THROUGH STEAM GENERATOR

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2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering, ICONE 2022

作者： Zhu, Ye Xiang, Cheng Wei, Liu Zhiyun, Cai Yun, Ren Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory Nuclear Power Institute of China Chengdu China

ISBN: (纸本)9780791886410

The steam generator tube rupture (SGTR) of a nuclear power plant is a transient that is subject to numerous studies. The casing once-through steam generator has great heat-transfer capacity due to its dual-layer heat transfer structure. Base on the structure and operational characteristic of casing once-through steam generator used in small module reactor (SMR), a graphical model is designed using process module in APROS. Operating parameters of the casing once-through steam generator is simulated under steady state of different power load and SGTR condition. According to the results, the enthalpy and the temperature of secondary side outlet first increases and then decreases with the increasing power load and reaches the greatest value when the power load is 60%. Further study the impact of the position and degree of the breakage on the operating characteristics of the casing once-through steam generator when the steam generator tube rupture. The results show that the influence on the operation characteristic of the casing once-through steam generator increase when the tube rupture takes place in the position which is near the primary side inlet. And when the size of tube rupture becomes larger, the leakage mass flow from primary side to secondary side increase, thus cause the enthalpy and the temperature of secondary outlet further decrease. The simulating results fit theoretical analysis, showing that the casing once-through steam generator can be simulated accurately in APROS. Reference and guidance can be provided for the design and optimization of casing once-through steam generator as well as the safety analysis. Copyright © 2022 by ASME.

关键词： Heat transfer

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Microfluidic separation of particles by synergistic effect of geometry-induced hydrodynamics and magnetic field

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第2期35卷 380-385页

作者： Du Qiao Hongxia Li Weiping Zhu Lili Zhu Danyang Zhao Honglin Li Key Laboratory for Precision & Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116023China Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design School of PharmacyEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China Lingang Lab Shanghai 200031China

Microfluidic combined with magnetic field have been demonstrated to be the promising solutions for fast and low-damage particles ***,the difficulties in the precise layout of magnets and accurate prediction of particle trajectories lead to under and over separation of target particles.A novel particle separation lab-on-chip(LOC)prototype integrated with microstructures and micropolar arrays is designed and ***,a numerical model for the separation of magnetic particles by the synergistic effect of geometry-induced hydrodynamics and magnetic field is *** effect of geometry and magnetic field layout on particle deflection is systematically analyzed to implement accurate prediction of particle *** is found that the separation efficiency of magnetic particles increased from 50.2%to 91.7%and decreased from 88.6%to 85.7%in the range of depth factors from 15µm to 27µm and width factors from 30µm to 60µm,*** particular,the combined effect of the offset distance of permanent magnets and the distance from the main flow channel exhibits a significant difference from the conventional ***,the developed LOC prototype was generalized for extension to arbitrary *** work provides a new insight and robust method for the microfluidic separation of magnetic particles.

关键词： Microfluidic Particle separation Synergistic effect Hydrodynamics Magnetic field Numerical calculation

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DATA DRIVEN METHODS FOR BREAK SIZE AND LOCATION ESTIMATION IN LOCA BASED ON DEEP LEARNING 29

DATA DRIVEN METHODS FOR BREAK SIZE AND LOCATION ESTIMATION I...

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2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering, ICONE 2022

作者： Yuan, Peng Deng, Jian Qiu, Zhifang Zhu, Dahuan Huang, Tao Li, Zhongchun Du, Peng Xu, Qinglan Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory Nuclear Power Institute of China Chengdu China

ISBN: (纸本)9780791886427

Loss of coolant accident (LOCA) is one of the most important accidents in thermal hydraulic design of nuclear power plant. The traditional analysis method is difficult to realize the rapid prediction of the size and location of the break in the LOCA, while machine learning provides an idea for the rapid diagnosis of the initial cause of LOCA. In this paper HPR1000 which is independently designed by China was taken as the object, the process of LOCA under various break location and sizes is studied by using the advanced reactor system analysis code ARSAC (Advanced reactor System Analysis Code). The key thermal hydraulic parameters including temperature, pressure, flow rate and water level in the transient process of LOCA are analyzed, and a series of data sets are generated. Based on convolution neural network algorithm of deep learning, the transient thermal hydraulic parameters of HPR1000 under different working conditions are learned and the accident diagnosis model is obtained. By comparing with the test data, the trained model can quickly and accurately predict the size and location of LOCA, which can be subsequently extended to the diagnosis of other kinds of accidents in nuclear power plants and has certain application prospects. Copyright © 2022 by ASME.

关键词： Location

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