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环境毒理与环境化学国际学术研讨会——亚太分会2010年会(SETAC Asia/Pacific2010)

作者： Lei Jiang Xialin Hu Daqiang Yin Zhifen Lin Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Ministry of EducationCollege of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources ReuseCollege of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

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Effects of allelochemical gramine on photosynthetic pigments of cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa

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World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 2010年 47卷 831-835页

作者： Hong, Y. Hu, H.Y. Sakoda, A. Sagehashi, M. College of Environmental Science and Engineering Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Institute of Industrial Science University of Tokyo Tokyo 1068558 Japan

Toxic and bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa was exposed to antialgal allelochemical gramine (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 mg·L-1), The effects of gramine on photosynthetic pigments (lipid soluble: chlorophyll a and β-carotene;water soluble: phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, phycoerythrin, and total phycobilins) and absorption spectra were studied in order to identify the most sensitive pigment probe implicating the crucial suppression site on photosynthetic apparatus. The results obtained indicated that all pigment parameters were decreased with gramine concentration increasing and exposure time extending. The above serious bleaching of pigments was also reflected on the scanning results of absorption spectra. Phycoerytherin exhibited the highest sensitivity to gramine added, following by the largest relative decrease. It was concluded that gramine seriously influenced algal photosynthetic activity by destroying photosynthetic pigments and phycoerythrin most sensitive to gramine might be contributed to its placing the outside of phycobilins.

关键词： Water absorption

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Effects of allelochemical gramine on metabolic activity and ultrastructure of cyanobacterium microcystis aeruginosa

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World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 2010年 71卷 825-829页

In this study, inhibition of Microcystis aeruginosa by antialgal alleochemical gramine, was studied by analyzing algal metabolic activity (represented by esterase and total dehydrogenase activities) and cell ultrastructure (showing morphological and ultrastructure alterations using transmission electron microscopy and DNA ladder analysis). After gramine exposure, esterase and total dehydrogenase activities were increased firstly but decreased later. In contrast with the controls, the cells exposed to gramine showed apparent ultrastructure alterations with thylakoids in breakage, phycobilins in decrease, lipid and cyanophycin granules abundant firstly but dissolved afterwards, DNA in fragementation. The occurrence of increase of metabolic activity and specific granules reflected that the resistance of cellular response to gramine was initiated. DNA fragementation associated with the increase of metabolic activity and specific granules hinted that gramine caused M. aeruginosa cells to initiate some morphotype of programmed cell death.

关键词： Enzymes

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Effects of allelochemical gramine on metabolic activity and ultrastructure of cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa

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World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 2010年 47卷 826-830页

关键词： Enzymes

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Heavy metal concentrations of agricultural soils and vegetables from Dongguan, Guangdong

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2010年第1期20卷 121-134页

作者： CAI Limei HUANG Lanchun ZHOU Yongzhang XU Zhencheng PENG Xiaochun YAO Ling＇ai ZHOU Yang PENG Ping＇an State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry CAS Guangzhou 510640 China Research Center of the Pearl River Delta Environmental Pollution and Control Guangzhou 510640 China South China Institute of Environmental Sciences Ministry of Environmental Protection Guangzhou 510655 China Center for Earth Environment and Resources Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China

A total of 118 of agricultural soil and 43 of vegetable samples were collected from Dongguan City, Guangdong, China. The spatial distribution, sources, accumulation characteristics and potential risk of heavy metals in the agricultural soils and vegetables were depicted in details by three different approaches, including total contents of eight metal elements in soils and vegetables, GIS maps and multivariate analysis of heavy metals in soils in the study. The results show that there are higher accumulation of heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cd and Hg in agricultural soils, and the contents of Pb （65.38 mg kg^-1） and Hg （0.24 mg kg^-1） are 1.82 and 2.82 times of the background contents of the corresponding heavy metals in soils of Guangdong Province, respectively. There are about 3.4% of Cu, 5.9% of Ni, 1.7% of Cd and 28% of Hg in all collected soil samples from all investigated sites which have overran the contents for heavy metals of the China environmental Quality Standard for Soils （GB15618-1995, Grade Ⅱ）. The pollution characteristics of multi-metals in soils are mainly reflected by Hg. There are different sources to eight metal elements in soils, Cu, Zn, Ni Cr and As are predominantly derived from parent materials, and Pb, Hg and Cd are affected by anthropogenic activities. The spatial distribution shows that the Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb, As and Hg contents of agricultural soils are high in the west and low in the east, and Cd contents are high in the northwest, southeast and low in the southwest in Dongguan. The ratios of vegetable samples which Ni, Pb and As concentrations higher than the Maximum Levels of Contaminants in Foods （GB2762-2005） are 4.7%, 16.3% and 48.8%, respectively. The order of bio-concentration factors （BCF） of heavy metals in vegetables is Cd 〉 Zn 〉 Cu 〉 As 〉 Ni 〉 Hg 〉 Cr 〉 Pb. It is necessary to focus on potential risk of heavy metals for food safety and human＇s health from agricultural soils and vegetables in Dongguan City, Guangdong Prov

关键词： agricultural soil vegetable heavy metal pollution spatial distribution Dongguan

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Assessing Alternatives for Sustainable Management of A Flood control Dam

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Procedia environmental Sciences 2010年 2卷 98-110页

作者： Meng Yang Xin Qian Yuchao Zhang Jinbao Sheng Dengle Shen State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environment Nanjing University Nanjing P. R. China Dam Safety Management Department The Ministry of Water Resources of China Hydraulic Investigation and Design Institute of Anhui Province The Ministry of Water Resources of China

Dam decay provides opportunity to restore degraded ecosystems. When choose an alternative to manage a dangerous dam to ensure dam safety and satisfy other human needs, ecological needs should be considered. In this paper, based on sustainable management goal, alternatives for managing a small flood control dam were assessed from improving dam safety, controlling flood and restoring riparian vegetation. Impacts on dam safety were quantified by an index integrating social influences from dam break flood inundation. Capability to control flood was assessed based on reservoir routing and hydrologic modeling. Opportunity to recover riparian vegetation was quantified by an index representing hydrologic alterations to natural flow regime. Final priority of each alternative was then obtained by multiplicative synthesis. Synthesization results indicated the decreasing dam height alternative had the highest priority to achieve the sustainable goal, because it flexibly regulated inflows for ecological considerations within the limits of flood control standard.

关键词： Dam reinforcement dam removal natural flow regime water resource management Yangtze watershed

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Ecological network analysis of an urban water metabolic system: model development, and a case study for Beijing

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The Science of the total environment 2010年第20期408卷 4702-11页

作者： Yan Zhang Zhifeng Yang Brian D Fath State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China.

Using ecological network analysis, we analyzed the network structure and ecological relationships in an urban water metabolic system. We developed an ecological network model for the system, and used Beijing as an example of analysis based on the model. We used network throughflow analysis to determine the flows among components, and measured both indirect and direct flows. Using a network utility matrix, we determined the relationships and degrees of mutualism among six compartments--1) local environment, 2) rainwater collection, 3) industry, 4) agriculture, 5) domestic sector, and 6) wastewater recycling--which represent producer, consumer, and reducer trophic levels. The capacity of producers to provide water for Beijing decreased from 2003 to 2007, and consumer demand for water decreased due to decreasing industrial and agricultural demand; the recycling capacity of reducers also improved, decreasing the discharge pressure on the environment. The ecological relationships associated with the local environment or the wastewater recycling sector changed little from 2003 to 2007. From 2003 to 2005, the main changes in the ecological relationships among components of Beijing's water metabolic system mostly occurred between the local environment, the industrial and agricultural sectors, and the domestic sector, but by 2006 and 2007, the major change was between the local environment, the agricultural sector, and the industrial sector. The other ecological relationships did not change during the study period. Although Beijing's mutualism indices remained generally stable, the ecological relationships among compartments changed greatly. Our analysis revealed ways to further optimize this system and the relationships among compartments, thereby optimizing future urban water resources development.

关键词： Urban ecological networks Urban water metabolism Throughflow analysis Utility analysis Ecological network analysis

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Phytotoxicity of four herbicides on Ceratophyllum demersum,Vallisneria natans and Elodea nuttallii

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2009年第3期21卷 307-312页

作者： PAN Huiyun,LI Xiaolu,XU Xiaohua,GAO Shixiang state key laboratory of pollution control and Resource Reuse,School of the environment,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China. [a]State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China

The physiological effects of 4 herbicides （butachlor, quinclorac, bensulfuron-methyl and atrazine） on 3 submerged macrophytes （Ceratophyllum demersum, Vallisneria natans and Elodea nuttallii） were tested in laboratory. The variables of the relative growth rate and the photosynthetic pigment content showed that all of the tested herbicides affected the growth of the plants obviously, even at the lowest concentration （0.0001 mg/L）. Except for the C. demersum treated with quinclorac at 0.005 and 0.01 mg/L, the relative growth rates of the plants were inhibited significantly （p 〈 0.01）. Statistical analysis of chlorophyll a （Chl-a） contents was carded out with both the t-test and one-way ANOVA to determine the difference between the treatment and control. The results showed that Chl-a contents of the plants in all treatment groups were affected by herbicides significantly, except for the C. demersum treated with bensulfuron-methyl at 0.0005 mg/L. The decrease in Chl-a content was positively correlated to the dosage of the herbicides in most treatment groups. It was suggested that herbicides in water bodies might potentially affect the growth of aquatic macrophytes. Since the Chl-a content of submerged macrophytes responded to the stress of herbicides sensitively and directly, it could be used as a biomaker in environmental monitoring or in the ecological risk assessment of herbicide contamination.

关键词： phytotoxicity herbicides submerged macrophyte ecological risk assessment

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A novel aminated polymeric adsorbent for removing refractory dissolved organic matter from landfill leachate treatment plant

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2009年第8期21卷 1089-1095页

作者： ZHANG Long, LI Aimin, WANG Jinnan, LU Yufei, ZHOU Youdong state key laboratory of pollution control and Resource Reuse, School of the environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China. [a]State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China

Refractory dissolved organic matter （DOM） from landfill leachate treatment plant was with high dissolved organic carbon （DOC） content. An aminated polymeric adsorbent NDA-8 with tertiary amino groups and sufficient mesopore was synthesized, which exhibited high adsorption capacity to the DOM （raw water after coagulation）. Resin NDA-8 performed better in the uptake of the DOM than resin DAX-8 and A100. Electrostatic attraction was considered as the decisive interaction between the adsorbent and adsorbate. Special attention was paid to the correlation between porous structure and adsorption capacity. The mesopore of NDA-8 played a crucial role during uptake of the DOM. In general, resin in chloride form performed a higher removal rate of DOC. According to the colunm adsorption test, total adsorption capacity of NDA-8 was calculated to 52.28 mg DOC/mL wet resin. 0.2 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution could regenerate the adsorbent efficiently.

关键词： electrostatic interactions chemically modified resin coagulation adsorption pore structure

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Selective sorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate on molecularly imprinted polymer adsorbents

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2009年第2期3卷 171-177页

作者： Shubo DENG Danmeng SHUAI Qiang YU Jun HUANG Gang YU Department of Environmental Science and Engineering POPs Research Centerand State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution ControlTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS),as a potential persistent organic pollutant,has been widely detected in water environments,and has become a great concern in recent *** is very stable and difficult to decompose using conventional *** may be an attractive method to remove it from *** this study,the molecularly imprinted polymer(MIP)adsorbents were prepared through the polymerization of 4-vinylpyridine under different preparation conditions in order to remove perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS)from *** MIP adsorbents using perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)as the template had good imprinting effects and could selectively remove PFOS from aqueous *** sorption behaviors including sorption kinetics,isotherms,and effect of pH,salt,and competitive anions were *** results showed that the sorption of PFOS on the MIP adsorbents was very fast,pHdependent,and highly *** achieved fast sorption equilibrium within 1 h was attributed to the surface sorption on the fine *** sorption isotherms showed that the sorption selectivity of PFOS on the MIP adsorbents decreased at high PFOS concentrations,which may be due to the double-layer sorption and the formation of PFOS micelles on the sorbent *** sorption of PFOS on the MIP adsorbents was mainly dominated by the electrostatic interaction between the protonated vinylpyridine on the adsorbent surface and the anionic *** prepared MIP adsorbents can potentially be applied in water and wastewater treatment for selective removal of PFOS.

关键词： perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS) molecularly imprinted polymer(MIP)adsorbents selective sorption electrostatic interaction

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