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Second-Moment Vliant Load Balancing (sVLB) in optical Data Center networks

IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in communications 2025年第5期43卷 1793-1808页

作者： Guo, Yingxin Ye, Tong Ma, Yaxuan Shanghai Jiao Tong University State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Shanghai China

Although optical circuit switch (OCS) based data center network (DCN) can offer high-bandwidth and low-power consumption interconnection for server blocks, it has slow reconfiguration speed and thus is not well-suited to handling highly bursty traffic. Despite several Valiant load-balancing (VLB) type algorithms designed to mitigate this mismatch, they cause notable residual traffic fluctuation, measured by second moment of traffic rate. This leads to a notable tail distribution of flow completion time (FCT). Thereby, this paper proposes a second-moment VLB (sVLB), leveraging the fact that all optical links from the same source rarely burst simultaneously. Different from previous VLB-type algorithms, sVLB utilizes spare capacity in the DCN for load balancing. Specifically, it offloads the bursty traffic from optical links to other intermediate blocks, employing only spare capacity on temporarily idle optical links, and these blocks subsequently route the bursty traffic to its destination. We introduce an sVLB-based framework, which additionally provides a suitable optical topology for sVLB to work with and a weight-based scheme to assist sVLB in intermediate block selection during bursty traffic offloading. Our qualitative assessment and extensive simulation demonstrate that the sVLB-based framework can smooth out the residual traffic fluctuation, thus outperforming existing strategies in normalized FCT. © 1983-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Interconnection networks (circuit switching)

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A Neuro Metasurface Mode-Router for Fiber Mode Demultiplexing and communications

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Engineering 2025年第2期45卷 88-96页

作者： Yu Zhao Huijiao Wang Zile Li Tian Huang Chao Yang Ying Qiu Yuhan Gong Zhou Zhou Congling Liang Lei Yu Jin Tao Shaohua Yu Guoxing Zheng Electronic Information School&School of Microelectronics Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen 518055China State Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Technologies and Networks China Information Communication Technologies Group Corporation(CICT)Wuhan 430074China Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology Wuhan 430206China

Advancements in mode-division multiplexing(MDM)techniques,aimed at surpassing the Shannon limit and augmenting transmission capacity,have garnered significant attention in optical fiber communica-tion,propelling the demand for high-quality multiplexers and ***,the criteria for ideal-mode multiplexers/demultiplexers,such as performance,scalability,compatibility,and ultra-compactness,have only partially been achieved using conventional bulky devices(e.g.,waveguides,grat-ings,and free space optics)—an issue that will substantially restrict the application of MDM ***,we present a neuro-meta-router(NMR)optimized through deep learning that achieves spatial multi-mode division and supports multi-channel communication,potentially offering scalability,com-patibility,and *** MDM communication system based on an NMR is theoretically designed and experimentally demonstrated to enable simultaneous and independent multi-dataset transmission,showcasing a capacity of up to 100 gigabits per second(Gbps)and a symbol error rate down to the order of 104,all achieved without any compensation technologies or correlation *** work presents a paradigm that merges metasurfaces,fiber communications,and deep learning,with potential applications in intelligent metasurface-aided optical interconnection,as well as all-optical pat-tern recognition and classification.

关键词： Metasurfaces Deep learning Mode-division multiplexing Fiber communication

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Power evolution prediction of bidirectional Raman amplified WDM system based on a transformer

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Optics Express 2025年第8期33卷 18369-18377页

作者： Feng, Zhongshuai Su, Xingrui Li, Wei Hu, Kaijing Yu, Jiekui Huang, Liyan Hu, Qianggao Jiang, Yi Luo, Ming Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Accelink Technologies Co. Ltd. Wuhan430205 China State Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Technologies and Networks Wuhan430200 China

This study presents a transformer-based power prediction model for Raman-amplified wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems. Leveraging the transformer’s self-attention mechanism, the model effectively captures global channel interactions, achieving a maximum prediction error of only 0.122 dB in a 200 km bidirectional Raman system with 47 channels and 12 pumps. The differential evolution (DE) technique was employed to optimize the hyperparameters of the models, further enhancing their performance. The comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate the performance of the two models under their respective optimal configurations. The model demonstrates robust generalization under varying pump powers and surpasses convolutional neural network (CNN)-based approaches in accuracy and interpretability. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Preamble Design for Joint Frame Synchronization, Frequency Offset Estimation, and Channel Estimation in Upstream Burst-Mode Detection of Coherent PON

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Journal of Lightwave Technology 2025年第9期43卷 4127-4138页

作者： Sun, Yongxin Jiang, Hexun Xu, Yicheng Fu, Mengfan Zhu, Yixiao Yi, Lilin Hu, Weisheng Zhuge, Qunbi Shanghai Jiao Tong University State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai200240 China

Coherent optics has shown significant potential as a viable solution for achieving 100 Gb/s and higher speeds in single-wavelength passive optical networks (PON). However, upstream coherent burst-mode detection is a major challenge in deploying coherent optics in access networks. To accelerate digital signal processing (DSP) convergence with minimal preamble length, we propose a novel burst-mode preamble design based on a constant amplitude zero auto-correlation (CAZAC) sequence. This design facilitates comprehensive frequency-domain estimation of various impairments, including state of polarization, chromatic dispersion and differential group delay, providing overall system response information for the equalization pre-convergence. Additionally, this preamble utilizes the same training unit to jointly achieve three key DSP functions: frame synchronization, frequency offset estimation, and channel estimation. This integration contributes to a significant reduction in the preamble length. The feasibility of the proposed preamble with a length of 400 symbols and corresponding DSP was experimentally verified in a 15 Gbaud coherent system using dual-polarization 16 quadrature amplitude modulation. The experimental results based on this scheme showed a superior performance of the convergence acceleration. © 1983-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Frequency domain analysis

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Experiment of 2×40Gbd PAM8 MISO-FSO system reinforced by high-speed optical signal coupling and precoder-shaped multi-level polar codes

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optical and Quantum Electronics 2025年第1期57卷 1-18页

作者： Yang, Weiying Liu, Xiaoyu Xiao, Shilin Liu, Zhiyang The State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication System and Networks Shanghai Jiao Tong University Dongchuan Road Shanghai200240 China

This paper proposes and successfully demonstrates a high-speed optical signal coupling (HS-OSC) of 2x40Gbaud PAM8 with precoder-shaped multi-level polar codes (PS-MLPC) in a gain-oriented multiple-input single-output free space optical (MISO-FSO) system. With the pilot-based correction (PBC), the system gets a multi-path error (MPE) detecting and correcting module, which can minimize the MPE and achieve the gain-oriented HS-OSC. On the other hand, PS-MLPC is deployed in the MISO-FSO system to provide the non-uniform PAM-8 symbols and save the power budget. In the experiment, the PBC module is proven to ensure the HS-OSC process by comparing the captured waveforms. Results in the static FSO channel validate that the bit error rate (BER) of the MISO-FSO system is improved from 4.76×10-3 to below 10-5 and the PS-MLPC PAM-8 saves most 0.85 dB effective signal-to-noise ratio (ESNR). Under turbulent conditions, the gain-oriented MISO-FSO system not only enhances the mean ESNR of about 4.3–5.4 dB but also mitigates the standard deviation of ESNR by 40.6–61.4 %, on which the PS-MLPC provides a Q-factor gain of 1.17–1.64 dB. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Budget control

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Silicon photonics convolution accelerator based on coherent chips with sub-1 pJ/MAC power consumption

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Photonics Research 2025年第2期13卷 497-510页

作者： YING ZHU LU XU XIN HUA KAILAI LIU YIFAN LIU MING LUO JIA LIU ZIYUE DANG YE LIU MIN LIU HONGGUANG ZHANG DAIGAO CHEN LEI WANG XI XIAO SHAOHUA YU National Information Optoelectronic Innovation Center China Information and Communication Technologies Group Corporation (CICT) State Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Technologies and Networks China Information and Communication Technologies Group Corporation (CICT) Peng Cheng Laboratory

Artificial intelligence(AI), owing to its substantial computing demands, necessitates computing hardware that offers both high speed and high power efficiency. A silicon photonic integrated circuit shows promise as a hardware solution due to its attributes, including high power efficiency, low latency, large bandwidth, and complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor(CMOS) compatibility. Here, we propose a silicon photonic convolution accelerator(SiPh-CA) and experimentally realize a prototype with sub-integrated coherent transmit–receive optical sub-assemblies(sub-IC-TROSAs). The prototype, compared to a previous IC-TROSA-based convolution accelerator, achieves almost the same performances of 1.024 TOPS/channel and 96.22% inference accuracy when it processes neural networks for image recognition, using half the numbers of the modulators and the drivers with which over 1/3 chip footprint and 37.01% power consumption are reduced. By incorporating a broadcasting scheme based on splitters and combiners, the approach can efficiently process multiple convolutions in parallel,achieving several tera operations per second. This scalability feature allows the SiPh-CA to process complex AI and high-performance computing tasks.

关键词： Neural networks optical computing optical neural systems optical systems Signal processing Silicon photonics

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Wide-Sense Nonblocking Conditions for Flex-grid OXC-Clos networks

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IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in communications 2025年第5期43卷 1809-1822页

作者： Yao, Yibei Ye, Tong Deng, Ning Shanghai Jiao Tong University State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Shanghai China Great Bay University School of Computing and Information Technology Guangdong China

The emerging high-capacity optical networks make it urgent to design large-scale flexible mesh optical cross-connect (OXC). Though Clos networks are the theory for building scalable and cost-effective switching fabrics, the nonblocking conditions for flex-grid optical Clos networks without wavelength conversion remain unknown. This paper studies the nonblocking conditions for the flex-grid OXC-Clos network, which is constructed from a number of small-size standard OXCs. We first show that a strictly nonblocking (SNB) OXC-Clos network will incur a high cost, as small-granularity lightpaths may abuse central modules (CMs), rendering them unavailable for large-granularity requests due to frequency conflicts. Hence, we propose a granularity differential routing (GDR) strategy, the idea of which is to restrict the set of CMs that can be utilized by the lightpaths of each granularity. Under the GDR strategy, we investigate two system models, called granularity-port binding and unbinding models, and prove the wide-sense nonblocking (WSNB) conditions. We show that the cost of WSNB network is remarkably smaller than that of SNB network, and find that the granularity-port unbinding model can offer more flexible network-bandwidth utilization compared to the binding model, with a slight cost associated with switching fabrics. © 1983-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Cross connections (water distribution)

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Sensitivity enhancement and Faraday Effect Compensation in dual-polarization Fiber Optic Rotational Seismometer 4

Sensitivity enhancement and Faraday Effect Compensation in d...

引用

4th International Computational Imaging Conference, CITA 2024

作者： Huang, Huimin Zhu, Lanxin Wang, Wenbo Chen, Yanjun Shi, Fangshuo Li, Zhengbin The State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks School of Electronics Peking University Beijing100871 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510688834

Seismology, as a crucial field of Earth science, is dedicated to understanding the internal structure of the Earth and crustal movements. In recent decades, rotational seismometers become increasingly mature, and rotational observations have found wide applications in various fields including natural earthquakes, engineering seismology, and volcano monitoring. With over 40 years of development, IFOGs have advantages such as low cost and fully solid-state, which have been widely applied in various fields, including inertial navigation, earthquake monitoring, precision measurement, and more. Currently, the development and application of high-precision rotational seismometers based on IFOGs have become a highly researched area of interest. In order to further improve the accuracy, it is necessary to study the accuracy degradation problem of high-precision rotational seismometers based on IFOGs in complex environments and explore effective solutions. This paper aims to address the environmental adaptability and sensitivity problem of high-precision rotational seismometers based on IFOGs and proposes a new structure based on polarization multiplexing and dual optic-fiber coils. The experimental results show that the proposed configuration provides up to a 90-fold suppression of magnetic error. The new configuration sensitivity reach 4.2 × 10-8 rad/s/√Hz. This structure provides a new option for constructing rotational seismometers with superior performance and strong environmental adaptability. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Seismographs

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Light Source Attacks on CMOS-Based QRNGs 4

Light Source Attacks on CMOS-Based QRNGs

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4th International Computational Imaging Conference, CITA 2024

作者： Zhang, Beibei Li, Lang Xu, Yuehan Wang, Tao Zeng, Guihua State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510688834

QRNGs, which leverage quantum mechanical principles to generate random numbers, are widely utilized in information security and cryptography. This paper reviews various QRNG systems and their evolution, with a particular focus on the simple and efficient CMOS-based QRNG system. However, while current random number generation methods ensure randomness, they do not guarantee the security of the generated random numbers, especially in encryption applications. The results demonstrate that an attacker can manipulate the light source to inject attack signals, leading to an increase in the entropy value calculated by legitimate users. This allows the attacker to extract additional entropy information. Notably, the compromised random numbers still pass the NIST randomness tests, indicating a fundamental breach of the system's security. This paper proposes strategies for identifying and defending against such potential attacks, with the aim of enhancing the reliability and security of QRNG systems. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： CMOS integrated circuits

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Performance assessment of octagonal layout based integrated photonic reservoir computing for optical channel equalization

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Optics Express 2025年第7期33卷 15814-15826页

作者： Zuo, Xiaoyan Pei, Li Bai, Bing Bai, Bowen Hu, Zhouyi Wang, Jianshuai Qu, Qi Dong, Fei Institute of Lightwave Technology Beijing Jiaotong University Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of All-Optical Networks and Modern Communication Networks Beijing100044 China Technology Co. Ltd. China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communications System and Networks School of Electronics Peking University Beijing100871 China Beijing Aerospace Institute for Metrology and Measurement Technology Beijing100076 China

Compared to electronic equalizers, the equalizers based on integrated photonic reservoir computing exhibit the advantages of large bandwidth, short latency, and low power consumption. The existing rectangular reservoir layout employs internal nodes as input and output nodes, leading to inadequate signal exchange and extra noise due to waveguide crossing. We proposed an optical channel equalizer based on an octagonal reservoir layout and verified its equalization ability. The system-level simulation of the proposed layout is conducted to investigate the impact of layout shape, node quantity, input and output port number, and weight algorithm on channel equalization performance in a 25Gbaud 4-level pulse amplitude modulation optical communication system. Results indicate that, within a transmission distance of 5-30 km, the bit error rate (BER) of the equalized signal in the proposed octagonal layout is lower than that of a rectangular layout with the same number of nodes. Specifically, at 5 km, the octagonal layout’s BER is 5 and 10 orders of magnitude lower than the rectangular layout and the feedforward equalizer, respectively. Meanwhile, the best readout algorithm, K-nearest neighbor regression, achieves an equalized BER of 7.012 × 10−14 © 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.

关键词： Pulse amplitude modulation

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