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Photodegradation of bisphenol A in Fe(Ⅲ)-oxalate complexes solution

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第4期18卷 771-776页

作者： ZHAN Man-jun YANG Xi XIAN Qi-ming KONG Ling-ren State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China Jiaying University Meizhou 514015 China

The aqueous photodegradation of bisphenol A （BPA） in the presence of Fe（Ⅲ）-oxalate complexes （Fe（Ⅲ）-Ox）, which are common compositions of natural water, was investigated in this study. BPA underwent rapid indirect photolysis in Fe（Ⅲ）-Ox solution under simulated solar irradiation, proceeding pseudo-first-order kinetics. The photolysis rate increased with decreasing pH or initial BPA level and increasing Fe（Ⅲ）/oxalate concentration ratio. Hydroxyl radicals （·OH）, which were generated from the photochemical processes of Fe（Ⅲ）-Ox complexes and contributed to the photooxidation of BPA, were determined by molecular probe and electron spin resonance （ESR） methods with the steady-state concentration of 2.56 × 10^-14 mol/L. Superoxide anion radical （O2^·-） was considered as the precursor of. OH and qualitatively determined by adding nitro blue tetrazolium as well as ESR experiments. Based on the structural analysis of the intermediate photoproducts of BPA in Fe（Ⅲ）-Ox complexes solution, the possible degradation pathways of BPA were proposed, involving ·OH addition, alkyl scission and alky oxidation. The results indicate that the photochemical reactivity of Fe（Ⅲ） may affect the environmental fate of BPA in natural water significantly.

关键词： bisphenol A Fe（Ⅲ）-oxalate complexes photooxidation reactive oxygen species

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A review on bromate occurrence and removal strategies in water supply

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Water Science and Technology: Water Supply 2006年第6期6卷 131-136页

作者： Xie, L. Shang, C. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Tongji University 1239 Siping Road Shanghai 200092 China Department of Civil Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong

ISBN: (纸本)1843395908

The need of disinfecting potable water to eliminate potential health risks associated with waterborne pathogens, however inevitably resulting in leaving elevated toxicity in water by forming disinfection by-products (DBPs) is being considered as one of the primary threats to human well-being. Bromate is a carcinogenic DBP mainly formed during ozonation of bromide-containing water. The current maximum contaminant level (MCL) of bromate in the US national primary drinking water standard is set at 10 μg/L. With continuous improvements in analytical instrumentation and removal technologies, a lower MCL for bromate is expected in the future. Current researches on bromate control strategies involve minimizing bromate formation (like ammonia addition) or removing bromate after formation (like carbon adsorption), however have their own limitations. Seeking for alternative bromate control strategies that can be used alone (or in combine with others) is of great value and in urgent need when water quality standards are getting more stringent. This paper reviews the occurrence of bromate in water supply and evaluates the effectiveness of bromate removal technologies applied, to advance our understanding of bromate fate and degradation in water supply system for future study. © IWA Publishing 2006.

关键词： Water treatment

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Biodegradation of 2,6-ditert-butylphenol by immobilized microorga- nism strains

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第2期18卷 369-372页

作者： ZHANG Ya-lei ZHANG Zhi-gang XU De-qiang QIANG Zhi-min LI Guang-ming ZHAO Jian-fu Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment of Ministry of Education Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China School of Life Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering University of Missouri-Rolla Rolla MO 65409 USA State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China

2,6-Ditert-butylphenol （2,6-DTBP） is a major organic contaminant presenting in acrylic fiber manufacturing wastewaters. This compound is of high bio-resistance due to its complex structure which consists of one phenol group and two highly branched tert-butyl groups. This research attempted to improve the biodegradation efficiency of 2,6-DTBP through various strain immobilization methods. The stratified immobilization can settle oxygen transmission in the single microorganism immobilization, and can realize two-process reaction in the single device by choosing two symbiotic microorganisms. Two effective strains, named F-1-4 and F-3-4, which were screened out in our previous work, were used to degrade 2,6-DTBP after being immobilized in calcium alginate gel. Results indicate that the substrate removal efficiency of various immobilization methods follows the order： stratified 〉 single F-3-4 〉 mixed ≈single F-1-4. The immobilized biodegradation capacity was higher than the free one. After an incubation time of 12 d, 91% of 2,6-DTBP could be degraded by the stratified immobilization method, compared to 79% achieved by the mixed immobilization method with an initial 2,6-DTBP concentration of 100 mg/L. The stratified immobilization satisfies the oxygen demand nature of the aerobic F-3-4 and the facultative F-1-4, thus yielding the highest degradation efficiency. Both the outer layer strain F-3-4 and the inner layer strain F-1-4 can grow actively on the substrate of 2,6-DTBP, as illustrated by SEM images. This study shows that the highly bio-refractory compound, 2,6-DTBP, can be effectively degraded using appropriately inunobilized microorganism strains.

关键词： biodegradation 2,6-ditert-butylphenol immobilization microorganism strains

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Biosorption of cadmium(II) and lead(II) ions from aqueous solutions onto dried activated sludge

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第5期18卷 840-844页

作者： WANG Xue-jiang XIA Si-qing CHEN Ling ZHAO Jian-fu CHOVELON Jean-marc NICOLE Jaffrezic-renault State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Yongji University Shanghai 200092 China Application of Chemistry and Environment Laboratory UMR CNRS 5634 University Claude Bernard Lyon I 43 Boulevard du 11 Novemvre 1918Villeurbanne Cedex 69622 France CEGELY UMR/CNRS 5005 Central University of Lyon 69134 Ecully Cedex France

The removal of heavy-metal ions from aqueous solutions by using dried activated sludge has been investigated in batch systems. Effect of solution pH, initial metal ion concentration, and temperature were determined. The results of the kinetic studies showed that the uptake processes of the two metal ions（Cd（Ⅱ） and Pb（Ⅱ）） followed the pseudo-second-order rate expression. The equilibrium data fitted very well to both the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models. The FT-IR analysis showed that the main mechanism of Cd（Ⅱ） and Pb（Ⅱ） biosorption onto dried activated sludge was their binding with amide I group.

关键词： biosorption adsorption isotherm cadmium lead activated sludge

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Semivolatile organic compounds, organochlorine pesticides and heavy metals in sediments and risk assessment in Huaihe River of China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第2期18卷 236-241页

作者： HUANG Hong OU Wen-hua WANG Lian-sheng College of Marine Science and Technology Shanghai Fisheries University Shanghai 200090 China School of Environmental Science and Technology Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China

The concentrations of semivolatile organic compounds, organochlorine pesticides and heavy metals in sediments from Jiangsu reach of Huaihe River, China, were presented. The organic compounds were extracted by acetone： n-hexane using a Soxhlet apparatus and concentrations were performed using HP6890 gas chromatography coupled by FID and ECD detector. The total contents of 8 heavy metals by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry or cold-vapor/atomic absorption spectrometry were developed. 30 semivolatile organic compounds were detected, including substituted benzenes, phenols, phthalates and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, from 0.01 to 3.01 mg/kg. 16 organochlorine pesticides were almost detected and from 0.010 to 2.339 μg/kg. Concentrations of major metals were 50 mg/kg or less, mean level of mercury was only 0.055 mg/kg. Compared to sediment quality guidelines （SQGs）, concentrations of some semivolatilc organic compounds were high enough to cause possible toxic effects to living resources. The organochlorine pesticides presented relatively low, lower than threshold effect concentrations （TECs）, harmful effects on sediment-dwelling organisms were not expected. Chromium posed probable toxic effects to the living resources, other heavy metals had no threat temporarily according to SQGs.

关键词： sediment semivolatile organic compounds organochlorinc pcsticidcs heavy mctals sediment quality guiedlines Huaihe River

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Requirements for sustainable management of urban water systems 5

Requirements for sustainable management of urban water syste...

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5th International Conference on Environmental Informatics, ISEIS 2006

作者： Shuping, Li Siuqing, Liu Chocat, Bernard Barraud, Sylvie State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse of China Tongji University Shanghai200092 China URGC-Hydrologie Urbaine INSA de Lyon 20 avenue Albert Einstein Villeurbanne69621 France

As growth of population and development of social-economic, the urban water problems are more serious. Sustainability concept need be integrated into urban water management. Here a model for sustainable management of urban water systems was developed based on the principle of control circuit. In this model, the service data is measured by data collection and monitoring system. If the measured service value is found not match the desired value after sustainability assessment, the improvement strategy need be made and implemented. In this paper, the requirements for sustainable management of urban water systems, which include the conventional and alternative urban water technologies, data collection and monitoring approaches, and the sustainability assessment methodology, will be presented. At last, one type of UWM sustainability levels grading is discussed.

关键词： Sustainable development

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Analysis of Phytochelatins and Other Thiol-Containing Compounds by RP-HPLC with Monobromobimane Precolumn Derivatization

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中国高等学校学术文摘·化学 2006年第1期1卷 54-58页

作者： Sun Qin Ye Zhihong Wang Xiaorong Wong Minghong College of Environmental Science and Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098PRC State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093PRC Croucher Institute for Environmental Science School of Life Sciences Zhongshan UniversityGuangzhou 510275PRC State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093PRC Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences and Department of Biology Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong SARPRC

In this article,a method for quantitative determination ofphytochelatins(PCn being the classic example)and other thiol-containing compounds in mixed standard solution and plant tissues is *** were converted to fluorescent derivatives by precolumn derivatization with *** results showed that PCn and other thiol-containing compounds in standard mixed solutions were rapidly separated within 15 min by using a ACN 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid binary gradient *** was representatively selected to test the precision of this *** calibration curve was linear in the range of 1.25-160 ng μl-1(regression coefficient r2=0.9999).It was confirmed that this method was rapid,simple,highly sensitive,stable,and had the property of simultaneous determination of PCn and other thiol-containing *** method was applied to determine PCn and other thiol-containing compounds in a Cd hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii in response to *** was found that no PCn was detected in any tissue at any Cd treatment,suggesting that Cd hyperaccumulation and detoxification in this plant is not based on PC synthesis.

关键词： phytochelatins thiol-containing compounds RP-HPLC precolumn derivatization monobromobimane Cd hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii

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Echo-Signal Simulation from Lengthy Objects Based on Model with Relocatable Scatterers

Echo-Signal Simulation from Lengthy Objects Based on Model w...

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International Conference on Actual Problems of Electronic Instrument Engineering (APEIE)

作者： A.V. Kiselyov I.S. Savinykh Tongji University State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Shanghai China

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The Aerobic Biodegradability of Mono-fluorophenols by the Activated Sludge

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Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2006年第3期23卷 84-88页

作者：张超杰周琪陈玲袁园 State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092

By measuring the respiratory oxygen consumption, a study on the aerobic biodegradability of 2-fluorophenol, 3- fluorophenol and 4-fluorophenol was conducted using activated sludge acclimated by themselves respectively. The experimental results showed that bio-oxidation ratios of 2- fluorophenol, 3- fluorophenol and 4- fluorophenol were 25.30%, 35.28% and 36.60% respectively, and the constmdng rate constants were 0.009 3, 0.013 3 and 0.014 5 L/ gSS. h respect/vdy. The aerobic biodegradability of the mono-fluorophenols decreased in the order of 4- fluorop- henol〉3 - fluorophenol 〉2 - fluorophenol, resulting mainly from the different octanol/water partition coefficient and the different steric parameter of the fluorophenols which can affect the penetration of fluorophenol into cell membrane.

关键词： aerobic biodegradability bio-oxidation ratio,fluorophenols oxygen consuming rate constant.

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Factors affecting bromate removal capacity of zerovalent iron packed columns

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Water Science and Technology: Water Supply 2006年第6期6卷 119-130页

作者： Fan, C. Chan, C.H. Xie, L. Shang, C. Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering Mingchi University of Technology Taipei County Taiwan Department of Civil Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Tongji University 1239 Siping road Shanghai 200092 China

ISBN: (纸本)1843395908

In a series of column experiments lasting for approximately 1500 pore volume, the effects of operational factors (flow rates, sand admixtures) and water quality factors (concentrations of DO, sulfate, phosphate and bicarbonate) on bromate removal capacity of zerovalent iron were investigated. The bromate removal capacity, obtained from migration of concentration profiles, was observed to decrease with increases in flow rate. In the case that 20 wt-% iron was replaced by sands, the bromate removal capacity increased, but, on the contrary, the bromate removal capacity inevitably decreased when the weight percentage was increased by two times. Dissolved oxygen played a minor role in decreasing the bromate removal capacity, this decreasing effect only prevailed near the proximal end of depassivating irons. The bromate removal capacity increased in the presence of 100 mg/L sulfate concentration but decreased when the sulfate concentration further increased. When comparing the effect on removal capacity for phosphate and sulfate, the inhibiting effect of phosphate on the bromate removal capacity was larger. Lastly, the removal capacity increased with increasing bicarbonate concentration, which may due to the formation of aqueous complexes. © IWA Publishing 2006.

关键词： Iron

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