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1st engineering and Science International Conference 2024, ESIC 2024

作者： Rivai, A. Erixno, O. Rahim, N.A. Elias, M.F.M. Jamaludin, J. Ramadhani, F. Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Energy systems engineering program School of Electrical Engineering Telkom University Bandung Indonesia Centre of Excellent Sustainable Energy and Climate Change Telkom university Bandung Indonesia

This paper presents the design and the development of multi-string I-V curve tracer for photovoltaic (PV) strings. It uses a capacitive load and double pole relay to measure the I-V characteristics of a multiple PV strings simultaneously. The prototype is developed using a PIC18F4550 micro-controller and a graphical user interface GUI designed using Microsoft's Visual Studio software. The I-V characteristics of the PV string are displayed on LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) and computer. The performance and functionality of the proposed I-V curve tracer have been tested using four PV strings. The experimental test shows that the proposed I-V tracer can measure and display the I-V characteristic of each PV string smoothly in the normal and shading conditions. © 2025 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Graphical user interfaces

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Phasor-FSTM:a new paradigm for multicolor super-resolution imaging of living cells based on fluorescence modulation and lifetime multiplexing

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Light(Science & Applications) 2025年第1期14卷 258-270页

作者： Luwei Wang Yue Chen Jiaqing Guo Xiaoyu Weng Wei Yan Jun Song Tong Ye Junle Qu Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics&College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China The Photonics Center of Shenzhen University Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China Department of Bioengineering CU-MUSC Bioengineering ProgramClemson UniversityCharlestonSouth Carolina29634USA

Multicolor microscopy and super-resolution optical microscopy are two widely used techniques that greatly enhance the ability to distinguish and resolve structures in cellular *** methods have individually transformed cellular imaging by allowing detailed visualization of cellular and subcellular structures,as well as organelle ***,integrating multicolor and super-resolution microscopy into a single method remains challenging due to issues like spectral overlap,crosstalk,photobleaching,phototoxicity,and technical *** challenges arise from the conflicting requirements of using different fluorophores for multicolor labeling and fluorophores with specific properties for super-resolution *** propose a novel multicolor super-resolution imaging method called phasor-based fluorescence spatiotemporal modulation(Phasor-FSTM).This method uses time-resolved detection to acquire spatiotemporal data from encoded photons,employs phasor analysis to simultaneously separate multiple components,and applies fluorescence modulation to create super-resolution ***-FSTM enables the identification of multiple structural components with greater spatial accuracy on an enhanced laser scanning confocal microscope using a single-wavelength *** demonstrate the capabilities of Phasor-FSTM,we performed two-color to four-color super-resolution imaging at a resolution of~λ/5 and observed the interactions of organelles in live cells during continuous imaging for a duration of over 20 *** method stands out for its simplicity and adaptability,seamlessly fitting into existing laser scanning microscopes without requiring multiple laser lines for excitation,which also provides a new avenue for other super-resolution imaging technologies based on different principles to build multi-color imaging systems with the requirement of a lower budget.

关键词： resolution lifetime simplicity

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Numerical analysis of Ga gradient effects in ACIGS absorbers for high-efficiency tandem solar cells

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Optical and Quantum Electronics 2025年第3期57卷 1-19页

作者： Boukortt, Nour El I. Loureiro, Antonio Garcia Almutairi, Ohood A. Centro Singular de Investigación en Tecnoloxías Intelixentes University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain Department of Electronics and Information Systems Ghent University Technology Park 126 Zwijnaarde Belgium Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University College London LondonWC1E 6BT United Kingdom Energy Systems Program College of Engineering & Energy Abdullah Al Salem University Khaldiya Kuwait

Ag-alloyed Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (ACIGS) is a promising material for the bottom subcell in tandem solar cell structures, offering a tunable bandgap that spans the optimal range for maximum efficiency;however, the bandgap widening of ACIGS thin films poses a significant challenge in enhancing their photocurrent. This paper investigates the impact of different grading profiles, specifically focusing on the 'hockey stick'/V-like Ga gradient–induced (GGI) profiles, on the performance of thin-film ACIGS cells. To enhance the physical understanding of these grading profiles we have used Silvaco TCAD tools to analyze how these profiles' depths, notch position, and slope affect the power conversion efficiency (PCE). The optimized ACIGS cell achieves a PCE of 25.80%, compared to 23.60% for the reference device. For the tandem configuration, we pair the optimized ACIGS bottom cell (double grading profile) with a perovskite top cell (band gap ~ 1.66 eV), achieving an overall efficiency of 30.26% under AM1.5G illumination. The obtained results highlight the critical role of Ga gradient profiles in enhancing the bottom cell's performance and stability. Additionally, we compare our results with existing studies to evaluate the broader impact of Ga compositional optimization on ACIGS-based solar cells. This work provides valuable insights into advanced grading strategies and helps us understand the physical behaviour of these high-performance tandem solar cells. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Silver alloys

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Three-dimensional surface topography analysis of die-sinking electrical discharge machined eco-friendly beryllium-free copper alloys

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The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 2025年 1-43页

作者： Vijayan, Vipin Saju, Kaiprappady Kunchu Sundaresan, Jithin Division of Mechanical Engineering School of Engineering Cochin University of Science and Technology Kochi India Department of Mechanical Engineering Muthoot Institute of Technology and Science Ernakulam India Business Information Systems Program Information Systems Department School of Computing and Creative Arts Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia

Beryllium-copper alloys, the most widely used copper alloys, are utilised extensively in diverse sectors, including the electrical, electronics, instrumentation, metallurgy, aerospace, automotive, petrochemical, machinery manufacturing, and die and mould-making industries. The main drawback of these alloys is that they produce the toxic component, beryllium oxide, which can lead to a chronic lung disease known as berylliosis. Beryllium-free copper alloys, such as copper-nickel-silicon-chromium, are eco-friendly, less costly, and possess properties similar to those of beryllium-copper alloys. Hence, they are now replacing beryllium-copper alloys in the applications mentioned earlier. Due to their high strength and hardness, these alloys are often fabricated into components using unconventional machining techniques, such as electrical discharge machining. Electrical discharge machining is particularly advantageous in industrial applications where precisely controlled random surface textures on these alloys are required. However, despite the industrial significance, research on the electrical discharge machining process of copper-nickel-silicon-chromium alloys is scarce. Therefore, the current work aims to address this research gap by conducting an experimental investigation of the random surfaces generated on copper-nickel-silicon-chromium alloy components after the die-sinking electrical discharge machining process through a comprehensive three-dimensional surface topography analysis. Three-dimensional surface topography parameters overcome the drawbacks of two-dimensional roughness parameters by considering the majority of surface points. This work investigates the effects of input factors, including electrode material, dielectric fluid material, flushing condition, and current on nearly all relevant areal texture (3D) parameters. ANOVA is performed to study the level of significance of each input parameter. The regression analyses reveal that current is the most si

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A Design Study on Integrated Complex Coefficient Filters with Peripheral Circuits for Accurate Frequency Response Measurement

IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems

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IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and systems 2025年第1期145卷 16-24页

作者： Shouno, Kazuhiro Sato, Lina Fukagawa, Kanta Tanimoto, Hiroshi Muto, Cosy Division of Information Engineering University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennoudai Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8573 Japan Graduate School of Science and Technology Degree Programs in Systems and Information Engineering Master’s Program in Computer Science University of Tsukuba Japan Kitami Institute of Technology 165 Koen-cho Hokkaido Kitami090-8507 Japan Faculty of Education Nagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki852-8521 Japan

This paper proposes a measurement technique for an integrated complex filter. The proposed method is based on two measurement methods with integrated circuitry for calibration. It is accomplished by applying square waves to an FUT (Filter Under Test) instead of sinusoidal waves or by superposing transfer characteristics obtained by applying a single sinusoidal wave to an FUT. In both of the above methods, the output signal connected to the external measurement equipment via a 50 Ω coaxial cable and so on. In this case, the output signal of the FUT should be amplified by internal or external amplifiers, which degrades the response. However, it is cancelled out by the proposed calibration circuitry with some analog switches. In addition to the above, for the RC polyphase filter, the source resistance and the load capacitance degrade the measurement results and their effect is discussed. The validity of the proposal is confirmed through computer simulation for a third-order RCPF whose passband is 8–40 MHz fabricated by Phenitec 0.6 µm CMOS process. It is shown that the measurement error is −1.10 dB for the square-wave method and −1.00 dB and −0.43 degrees for the superposition method at 40 MHz. © 2025 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.

关键词： Capacitance

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Solar Simulator Prototype With Halogen and Light-Emitting Diode Sources

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Journal of Solar Energy engineering 2025年第4期147卷 041005页

作者： da Cruz, Gustavo P. C. Barreto, Gabriel L. Gómez-Malagón, Luis A. de Lima, Ricardo A. Vital, Caio V. P. Program in Systems Engineering Polytechnic School of Pernambuco https://***/00gtcbp88University of Pernambuco Recife 50720-001PE Brazil Program in Systems Engineering Polytechnic School of Pernambuco University of Pernambuco Recife 50720-001PE Brazil Polytechnic School of Pernambuco University of Pernambuco Recife 50720-001PE Brazil

Hybrid solar simulators (SS) using halogen lamps and light-emitting diodes (LEDs), classified as A for spectral match (SM) and temporal instability (TI), are primarily reported for characterizing small solar cells (⁠160cm2⁠). However, spatial nonuniformity (SNU) reports are rare. This article presents the characterization of a large-area hybrid SS capable of simulating sunlight intensity and spectrum using a combination of ten white LEDs, six halogen lamps, and 12 power LEDs being three blue (⁠450nm⁠), three magenta (⁠750nm⁠), and three infrared (⁠850nm⁠). This setup ensures homogeneous light distribution over a600cm2surface. The proposed SS was characterized according to the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC 60904-9) standard, analyzing SM, SNU, and TI. The obtained values (SM = 1.29, SNU = 1.5%, and TI = 0.17%) classify the simulator as BAA. Electrical characterization of a 5W solar panel (⁠300cm2⁠) was performed via current–voltage (⁠I–V⁠) and power–voltage (⁠P–V⁠) curves under indoor and outdoor conditions. A relative error of less than 4% was found compared to outdoor measurements, making it suitable for photovoltaic device testing. The results demonstrate the feasibility of developing a low-cost SS using incandescent and semiconductor light sources, with the potential for characterizing commercial photovoltaic devices.

关键词： Photovoltaic panels Solar energy Light sources Light-emitting diodes spatial nonuniformity spectral matching photovoltaic characterization engineering prototypes hybrid solar simulator Wavelength Sunlight temporal instability

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Developing a drought-heatwave cluster projection (DHCP) approach for water shortage areas: A case study in Northwest China

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Theoretical and Applied Climatology 2025年第6期156卷 1-18页

作者： Tang, Yingxia Huang, Guohe Kuang, Wenshu Han, Shuo Wang, Shuguang Li, Yongping Yu, Bizheng China-Canada Center of Energy Environment and Sustainability Research UR-SDU School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shandong University Qingdao China Environmental Systems Engineering Program University of Regina Regina Canada Environment and Energy Systems Engineering Research Center School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing China

The study is focused on the ecological-fragile and water-shortage region in Northwest China (NWC). A drought-heatwave cluster projection (DHCP) approach is developed based on Stepwise Cluster Analysis (SCA) and multi-level factor analysis (MFA). A multi-model ensemble consisting of 5 global climate models (GCMs) under two shared socioeconomic pathways (i.e., SSPs) is used in the approach. It could investigate the spatiotemporal characteristics of heatwaves, drought, and compound drought-heatwave events (CDHEs) in NWC. A precise projection is given by SCA in 48 stations and four indicators of CDHEs (i.e., CEN, CEDU, CEI, and CEM) are thus calculated. Finally, the individual and interactive effects of uncertainties (i.e., period, SSP, and GCM) are analyzed by MFA. Results show the SCA method can effectively reproduce precise projections for temperature and precipitation for NWC. The frequency, intensity, and duration of heatwaves increase significantly under SSP5-8.5. Drought will ease and then intensify projected by all SSPs. The long-term intensification trend of drought is more pronounced under SSP5-8.5. CDHEs will increase, especially under SSP5-8.5 by the 2090s. These parameters will increase to 4.59 events, 2.86 days per event, 16.7°C per event, and 4.69 days, respectively. Higher increases are found in southeastern Qinghai, northwestern Gansu, and northern Xinjiang. Period affects CDHEs projection mostly. The GCM selection and its interaction with period also affect the projection significantly. DHCP provides a comprehensive analysis of heatwaves and droughts. It is equally applicable to other water shortage areas and is expected to help better manage water resources.

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Contributions to DC fault ride-through in MTDC meshed grids with MMC stations in grid-forming control considering impacts on AC system stability

Contributions to DC fault ride-through in MTDC meshed grids ...

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22nd IET International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission (ACDC Global 2025)

作者： Filipe Perez Jesús Castellanos Juan-Carlos Gonzalez Abdelkrim Benchaib Lie Xu Architectures & Systems Program Supergrid Institute Lyon France Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of Strathclyde Glasgow UK

ISBN: (数字)9781837242634

DC faults in High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) systems can significantly impact AC grid stability, especially in Multiterminal DC (MTDC) grids. Effective DC Fault Ride-Through (FRT) analysis is crucial for maintaining AC system stability. Initially, a DC fault may manifest as a sudden loss of power input, prompting primary control to restore balance using reserves like FCR and inertia. However, HVDC protection often blocks converters during current peaks, failing to address power imbalances on the AC side. This necessitates coordinated AC-DC grid actions to sustain stability. Grid-Forming (GFM) control in Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs) enhances system operation by providing inertia, voltage support, and reactive power control. However, the role of GFM in DC FRT is underexplored. This paper evaluates DC faults in MTDC systems with GFM converters, considering AC grid characteristics alongside DC-side impacts like submodule energy control and DC voltage regulation. An outer energy control loop and a shift from GFM to Grid-Following (GFL) control are proposed solutions in this paper to improve DC FRT capability and to assure stable operation against DC faults. The findings provide key recommendations for enhancing DC FRT in MTDC grids with GFM converters, emphasizing control and protection integration.

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Evaluation of Cuffless Blood Pressure Estimation Accuracy at Each Heartbeat During Exercise 6th

Evaluation of Cuffless Blood Pressure Estimation Accuracy a...

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6th International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics, ICBHI 2024

作者： Ono, Kouki Maeda, Yuka Yoshimura, Takumi Huang, Ming Tamura, Toshiyo Master’s Program in Intelligent and Mechanical Interaction Systems University of Tsukuba Tsukuba305-8577 Japan Institute of Systems and Information Engineering University of Tsukuba Tsukuba305-8577 Japan Medical and Welfare Engineering Tokyo Metropolitan College of Industrial Technology Tokyo116-8523 Japan School of Data Science Nagoya City University Nagoya467-8501 Japan Future Robotics Organization Waseda University Tokyo169-8050 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9783031863226

Continuous blood pressure monitoring is crucial because of its dynamic nature, influenced by factors such as physical activity and mental stress. Although cuffless blood pressure estimation is a promising technique for continuous monitoring, its accuracy during drastic fluctuations, especially during exercise, remains insufficiently validated. In this study, we evaluated a simple Pulse Arrival Time based blood pressure estimation method and several improved methods for sharp fluctuations induced by exercise. Sixteen subjects in the experiment, with data from 13 valid for analysis. The proposed method achieved an average correlation of 0.527 in systolic blood pressure, suggesting that cuffless blood pressure estimation could be applied to estimate continuous blood pressure variability during exercise. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Blood pressure

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Optimizing CdS thin films as optical windows in solar cells: A comparative study of cryogenic and classical techniques

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Applied Physics A 2025年第6期131卷 1-17页

作者： Manir, Melih Genç, Gamze Nevruzoglu, Vagif Tomakin, Murat Department of Energy Systems Engineering Erciyes University Kayseri Turkey Energy Systems Engineering Program Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Erciyes University Kayseri Turkey Department of Energy Systems Engineering Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Rize Turkey Electrochemical Storage and Energy Conversion (ESCE) Research Group Erciyes University Kayseri Turkey Department of Physics Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Rize Turkey

In this study, CdS thin films were produced in a quasi-closed volume using two different techniques (classical and cryogenic thermal evaporation techniques) between the 100–573 K substrate temperature, and their characteristic properties (structural, electrical, and optical properties) were investigated. While CdS thin films were produced at 373 K, 473 K, and 573 K substrate temperatures in the classical technique (hot), they were produced at 100–300 K substrate temperature range with 50 K steps in the cryogenic technique (cold). The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the CdS thin films grew in a hexagonal structure in the (002) plane at all substrate temperatures. According to the field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images, the thin films produced at 200 K substrate temperature consisted of equally sized spherical grains. This situation shows that the soliton growth mechanism occurs at a substrate temperature of 200 K during the film production process with the cryogenic technique. Due to the characteristic properties of the soliton waves occurring on the substrate surface in the soliton growth mechanism (mass transport), the films grow in a tight-packed form. Therefore, the produced films consist of clusters of equal size, providing a homogeneous surface and a uniform thickness. In addition, Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and optical analyses showed that the CdS thin film produced at 200 K substrate temperature had the smallest average surface roughness value (Ra) and the highest optical transmittance value. It was found that the energy band gap (2.37–2.47 eV) and resistivity (1.25 × 103–5.39 × 103 Ω-cm) values of CdS thin films increased with decreasing substrate temperature. The carrier density increased with decreasing substrate temperature (3.91 × 1017–1.73 × 1016 cm−3). Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis showed that the films grew stoichiometrically at substrate tempe

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