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A deep learning framework for automatic assessment of presence in virtual reality using multimodal behavioral cues

Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第8期37卷 6283-6303页

作者： Pannattee, Peerawat Shimada, Shogo Yem, Vibol Nishiuchi, Nobuyuki Graduate School of Systems Design Tokyo Metropolitan University Tokyo191-0065 Japan Graduate School of Science and Technology Degree Program in Systems and Information Engineering University of Tsukuba Ibaraki3058573 Japan

Effective development of virtual reality (VR) applications is heavily reliant on the evaluation of user experience (UX). However, traditional methods such as questionnaires have inherent limitations which hinder their ability to capture nuanced behavioral responses and impede the agility of VR content creation: They are time-consuming, burdensome for users, and require significant human effort for interpretation. This study introduces an automated framework aimed at addressing the limitations of questionnaire-based evaluations to assess UX in VR. Our primary focus is to validate the concept of this framework through assessment of the sense of presence (SOP), a crucial psychological perception with significant impact on VR UX. Our proposed framework utilizes a deep neural network (DNN) to analyze patterns in multimodal behavioral cues, including facial expressions, head movements, and hand movements, to predict scores from the Igroup Presence Questionnaire (IPQ). Additionally, we introduce two statistical profiles: the Visual Entropy Profile (VEP), which offers insights into visual complexity by depicting scene entropy, and the Experiential Presence Profile (EPP), which is designed to capture users’ historical SOP levels to enable personalized baseline and sensitivity estimation. The proposed framework achieves a significant correlation between actual and predicted IPQ scores, with a Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient of 0.7303, showcasing the potential of DNNs in analyzing complex behavioral signals and automating SOP assessment. This study represents a pioneering effort in leveraging DNNs for the automatic assessment of SOP and paves the way for future advances in automatically assessing VR UX and unlocking new opportunities in the field. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Virtual environments

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A Design Study on Integrated Complex Coefficient Filters with Peripheral Circuits for Accurate Frequency Response Measurement

IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems

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IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and systems 2025年第1期145卷 16-24页

作者： Shouno, Kazuhiro Sato, Lina Fukagawa, Kanta Tanimoto, Hiroshi Muto, Cosy Division of Information Engineering University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennoudai Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8573 Japan Graduate School of Science and Technology Degree Programs in Systems and Information Engineering Master’s Program in Computer Science University of Tsukuba Japan Kitami Institute of Technology 165 Koen-cho Hokkaido Kitami090-8507 Japan Faculty of Education Nagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki852-8521 Japan

This paper proposes a measurement technique for an integrated complex filter. The proposed method is based on two measurement methods with integrated circuitry for calibration. It is accomplished by applying square waves to an FUT (Filter Under Test) instead of sinusoidal waves or by superposing transfer characteristics obtained by applying a single sinusoidal wave to an FUT. In both of the above methods, the output signal connected to the external measurement equipment via a 50 Ω coaxial cable and so on. In this case, the output signal of the FUT should be amplified by internal or external amplifiers, which degrades the response. However, it is cancelled out by the proposed calibration circuitry with some analog switches. In addition to the above, for the RC polyphase filter, the source resistance and the load capacitance degrade the measurement results and their effect is discussed. The validity of the proposal is confirmed through computer simulation for a third-order RCPF whose passband is 8–40 MHz fabricated by Phenitec 0.6 µm CMOS process. It is shown that the measurement error is −1.10 dB for the square-wave method and −1.00 dB and −0.43 degrees for the superposition method at 40 MHz. © 2025 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.

关键词： Capacitance

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Mental Status Identification for Infertile Patients Using Artificial Intelligence Models 14th

Mental Status Identification for Infertile Patients Using Ar...

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14th International Conference on Frontier Computing, FC 2024

作者： Hsu, Hao-Siang Wang, Jong-Yi Chiou, Hai-Chi Wu, Fu-Hsing Lin, Chuen-Horng Chan, Yung‑Kuan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taichung University of Science and Technology Taichung404336 Taiwan Department of Health Services Administration China Medical University Taichung406040 Taiwan Bachelor Degree Program of Artificial Intelligence National Taichung University of Science and Technology Taichung404336 Taiwan Department of Management Information Systems National Chung-Hsing University Taichung402202 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9789819623945

Infertile patients may be a high-risk group of mental disorder. The precise identification of the mental status of infertile patients can provide decision support to healthcare professionals and may be helpful in providing preventive measures accordingly. Rare studies focused on the mental status identification using artificial intelligence (AI) models for infertile people. This study aimed to precisely identify the mental status (anxiety and depression) of infertile patients using three AI models, the XGBoost, decision tree, and stacking models. The dataset, retrieved from a structured questionnaire survey in 2011, which included 400 infertility outpatients seeking reproductive treatments at three teaching hospitals in Taiwan was adopted for training and testing AI models. Aforementioned AI models were designed and reached identification performances of accuracy, precision, recall and area under ROC curve (AUC) equaling 0.75–0.82, 0.70–0.80, 0.64–0.72, and 0.64–0.72, respectively. The XGBoost model (accuracy = 0.82, precision = 0.80, recall = 0.72, and AUC = 0.72) outperformed or equaled the decision tree and stacking models in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and AUC values. Designed AI models for mental status identification can be integrated into the clinical decision support system (CDSS) to provide the anxiety and depression group automatically. Accordingly, the worsening of infertility-related anxiety and depression can be prevented. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： artificial intelligence infertile patients Mental status identification stacking model XGBoost

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Implementation and Evaluation of 0.6 µm CMOS Complex RCPF for Accurate Frequency Response Measurement

IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems

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IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and systems 2025年第1期145卷 25-37页

作者： Sato, Lina Fukagawa, Kanta Shouno, Kazuhiro Tanimoto, Hiroshi Muto, Cosy Moriyama, Seijiro Takahashi, Chikau Yoshino, Michitaka Graduate School of Science and Technology Degree Programs in Systems and Information Engineering Master’s Program in Computer Science University of Tsukuba Japan Division of Information Engineering University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennoudai Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8573 Japan Kitami Institute of Technology 165 Koen-cho Hokkaido Kitami090-8507 Japan Faculty of Education Nagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki852-8521 Japan Anagix Corporation 3-22-27 Numama Kanagawa Zushi249-0004 Japan Takamori Corporation Japan Research Center for Micro-Nano Technology Hosei University 3-11-15 Midori-cho Koganei Tokyo184-0003 Japan

This paper describes the implementation and evaluation of an RC polyphase filter (RCPF) and circuitry for measuring its frequency characteristics. The integrated circuit is fabricated on a 0.6 µm CMOS process and its supply voltage is 5 V. The integrated circuit includes a filter under test (FUT), a four-phase square wave generator, several analog switches and differential amplifiers to amplify the high-impedance signals of the RCPF. This FUT is a third-order complex RCPF whose passband is 8 − 40 MHz. This paper describes the design of these circuits in detail. This integrated circuit can select two measurement methods by means of external control signals. The first method uses a four-phase square wave. The frequency characteristics are measured by using an on-chip four-phase square wave generator driven by an external clock generator and by a spectrum analyzer tuned to the fundamental frequency. The second method uses an external network analyzer. Furthermore, this integrated circuit is equipped with a calibration circuit to measure the frequency characteristics of the circuitry except FUT by passing through the input / output signals of the FUT. As a result, the frequency characteristics of the FUT itself can be accurately measured. The effectiveness is confirmed through evaluation of the fabricated integrated circuit. © 2025 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.

关键词： Differential amplifiers

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Comparative Analysis of Quantum Support Vector Machines and Variational Quantum Classifiers for B-cell Epitope Prediction in Vaccine Design

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Hwang, Chi-Chuan Su, Cheng-Fang Hong, Yi-Ang Department of Engineering Science National Cheng Kung University Tainan City701 Taiwan Department of Applied Mathematics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu City30010 Taiwan Undergraduate Degree Program of Systems Engineering and Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu City30010 Taiwan Chung Cheng Institute of Technology National Defense University Taoyuan City33551 Taiwan

Quantum computing offers new opportunities for addressing complex classification tasks in biomedical applications. This study investigates two quantum machine learning models-the Quantum Support Vector Machine (QSVM) and the Variational Quantum Classifier (VQC)-in the context of B-cell epitope prediction, a key step in modern vaccine design. QSVM builds upon the classical SVM framework by using quantum circuits to encode nonlinear kernel computations, while VQC replaces the entire classification pipeline with trainable quantum circuits optimized variationally. A benchmark dataset from the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) is used for model evaluation. Each epitope is represented by 10 physicochemical features, and dimensionality reduction via Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is applied to assess model performance across different feature spaces. We also examine the effect of sample size on prediction outcomes. Experimental results show that QSVM performs well under limited data conditions, while VQC achieves higher accuracy in larger datasets. These findings highlight the potential of quantum-enhanced models for bioinformatics tasks, particularly in supporting efficient and scalable epitope-based vaccine development. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Epitopes

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Relativistic Quantum Simulation of Hydrogen Sulfide for Hydrogen Energy via Hybrid Quantum-Classical Algorithms

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Hwang, Chi-Chuan Su, Cheng-Fang Yang, Jung-Fan Department of Engineering Science National Cheng Kung University Tainan City701 Taiwan Department of Applied Mathematics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu City30010 Taiwan Undergraduate Degree Program of Systems Engineering and Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu City30010 Taiwan Chung Cheng Institute of Technology National Defense University Taoyuan City33551 Taiwan

We present a hybrid quantum-classical computational framework for simulating relativistic quantum chemical systems using the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE). Our approach integrates relativistic electron integrals derived from the Dirac–Coulomb Hamiltonian with quantum circuit models constructed via Jordan–Wigner transformation. By employing both heuristic and chemistry-inspired ansätze, we compute ground-state energies and potential energy surfaces (PES) for benchmark molecules including H2, H2O, and H2S. Active-space reduction and Hartree–Fock embedding techniques are used to minimize the number of qubits and Pauli terms, enabling efficient simulation on near-term quantum devices. Our results demonstrate that VQE can reproduce classical full-configuration-interaction energies with millihartree-level accuracy, even under relativistic Hamiltonians. We observe consistent relativistic energy shifts and orbital contraction effects, particularly for the sulfur-containing H2S molecule. The constructed PES allow for equilibrium geometry prediction and activation energy analysis. This work highlights the feasibility and scalability of applying quantum algorithms to relativistic electronic structure problems, paving the way for future simulations of heavier-element systems in quantum chemistry. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Molecular orbitals

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Gait proficiency index in children aged 3.5 to 9.5 years old

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Research on Biomedical engineering 2021年第2期37卷 429-437页

作者： das Neves, Ana Maria Bender Seidenfuss de Souza, Leandro Daniel Aires, Andréia Gomes Souza, Thalita Borges Giacomazzi, Leandro Peserico Dachi, Édison Pereira Baptista, Rafael Reimann School of Technology Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering PUCRS Porto Alegre Brazil School of Health and Life Sciences Undergraduate Program in Physical Education PUCRS Porto Alegre Brazil School of Technology Undergraduate Program in Electrical Engineering PUCRS Porto Alegre Brazil School of Technology Associate Degree Program in Industrial Automation and Embedded Systems SENAI Porto Alegre Brazil School of Technology and School of Health and Life Sciences Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul Av. Ipiranga 6681 Partenon Porto Alegre90619-900 Brazil

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to present a novel approach for gait assessment called gait proficiency index (GPI) using only ground reaction forces (GRF)-derived parameters. Material and methods: Barefoot gait from 51 healthy children was evaluated with the GPI in this study. The participants walked at their self-selected speed along a 6-m walkway with 8 force platforms placed in pairs. The force-time analysis resulted in a dynamic symmetry assessment (DSA) that is the result of vertical GRF component distribution for all gait cycles both the left and right foot. DSA and impulse calculation from GRF led to the calculation of the GPI, which is the relationship between the impulse of load response and mid-stance and impulse of terminal stance and pre-swing of both right and left feet multiplied by the DSA index. The children were divided into three groups with 17 participants each and classified according to age (mean age ± standard deviation): G1 (4.39 ± 0.511), G2 (6.33 ± 0.639), G3 (8.49 ± 0.636). Results: The results show that as children mature, the GPI seems to increase from G1 to G2 and decreases from G2 to G3 and that both the standard deviations and coefficient of variation decrease with the increase of age. Conclusions: This can be an indicative that the index can assess improvements in gait quality through age. However, there was no statistical significance between the groups in this variable. Also, the correlation between either DSA and age or GPI and age found is weak to make other conclusions but that the study of adults should be included to either validate or refute the use of GPI. © 2021, Sociedade Brasileira de Engenharia Biomedica.

关键词： Biophysics

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Wide Temperature Range and High Thermal Sensitivity Radiometer Image Sensor Using CMOS SPAD Array

Wide Temperature Range and High Thermal Sensitivity Radiomet...

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2022 International Symposium on VLSI technology, systems and Applications, VLSI-TSA 2022

作者： Tsai, Hui-Chen Liu, Chun-Hsien Lin, Sheng-Di Tsai, Chia-Ming Wu, Jau-Yang National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Institute of Electronics Hsinchu Taiwan National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Undergraduate Degree Program of Systems Engineering and Technology Hsinchu Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781665409230

We demonstrate a wide temperature range and high thermal sensitivity radiometry image sensor by using a 32x32 pixels SPAD imager sensor with a time gated active reset circuit. The temperature range with upper limit of 1050 °C and lower limit of 280 °C can be detected with low noise, thanks to the high sensitivity performed by short deadtime and adjustable summed output of multi-pixel readout technology. The thermal image is detected with high spatial resolution of about 100 µm. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Image sensors

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EFFECTS OF REFRACTIVE INDEX AND ASPECT RATIO ON THE PARTICLE IMAGES IN A LEVITATED DROPLET

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Multiphase Science and technology 2024年第1期36卷 13-26页

作者： Gatete, Eugene Kaneko, Akiko Shen, Biao University of Tsukuba Systems and Information Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Degree Program of Engineering Mechanics and Energy 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki305-8573 Japan University of Tsukuba Faculty of Engineering of Information Engineering and Systems 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki305-8573 Japan

A technique using droplets suspended by ultrasound has attracted attention as one of the containerless processing methods. While this can avoid contamination from the container, it is known that ultrasonic levitation creates flow fields inside and outside the droplet. For more precise droplet control, it is desirable to elucidate the internal flow of the droplet, and measurements of the internal flow have been performed using the particle image velocimetry (PIV). The aim of this study is to elucidate the internal flow field behavior by solving optical problems and improving the accuracy of velocity field measurements in levitated droplets. The fluid that is to be investigated is scattered with small tracer particles and illuminated by a laser to capture the flow on a created laser sheet. The curvature distortion is successfully visualized using the PIV approach toward distortion correction using calibration methods. The curvature distortion illustration was performed based on the refractive index and aspect ratio of the simulated droplet in acrylic materials. The fluid flow, affected by droplet curvature and refractive index, has been visualized for both levitated and simulated droplets. The experimental results showed that the droplet curvature can be distorted in two types such as radial and tangential distortions and increase as the refractive index and aspect ratio increases. © 2024 by Begell House, Inc.

关键词： Refractive index

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Effect of an antiferromagnetic order on tailoring Dzyaloshinskii- Moriya interaction in Pt/Co/IrMn trilayer

Effect of an antiferromagnetic order on tailoring Dzyaloshin...

引用

2023 IEEE International Magnetic Conference - Short Papers, INTERMAG Short Papers 2023

作者： Chen, Sheng-Huai Yang, Chao-Yao Lai, Chih-Huang National Tsing Hua University Department of Materials Science and Engineering Hsinchu300044 Taiwan National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Department of Materials Science and Engineering Hsinchu300093 Taiwan National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Undergraduate Degree Program of Systems Engineering and Technology Hsinchu300093 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350338362

Antiferromagnet (AFM) has currently participated in the spin-orbit torque (SOT) magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) technolopgy due to its great potential to be applied to the field-free SOT switching and promote the thermal stability of MRAM. However, effect of the introduction of AFM into the basic structure of SOT-MRAM composed of a heavy metal/ferromagnet (FM) bilayer was still not comprehensively understood. This work reports the effect of how an antiferromagnetic (AFM) order modifies the strength of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) in a heavy metal (Pt)/FM (Co)/AFM (IrMn) trilayer, studied by SOT switching and loop-shift method. Increasing the AFM order reflected on exchange bias (Hex) through increasing the thickness of IrMn appears to significantly reduce the DMI strength of the trilayer, which leads to the reduction of the external field for yielding a complete SOT switching. The reduced DMI strength may ascribe to the Hex-hosted uni-directional anisotropy suppressing the neighboring spin canting in the FM layer. This stabilization for the magnetic moments via the Hex-hosted uni-directional anisotropy also improved the stability of SOT switching on the random read/write characterization, in which the strong AFM order would promote the memristivity for neuromorphic application and the weak AFM order would give rise to the stochasticity for the purpose of physically unclonable functionality. This work demonstrates the significance of an intrinsic tuning over the AFM order would serve as a switch to turn the SOT device into a stochastic/memristive cell to bridge probabilistic and neuromorphic computing. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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