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International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena, UP 2002

作者： Cerullo, G. Polli, D. Lanzani, G. De Silvestri, S. Cogdell, R.J. Hashimoto, H. Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia CEQSE-C.N.R Dipartimento di Fisica Politecnico Milano Italy Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Glasgow GlasgowG12 8QQ United Kingdom Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Shizuoka University Hamamatsu432-8561 Japan

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Cellular and molecular features that stabilize rolling on selectins under flow

Cellular and molecular features that stabilize rolling on se...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： R.P. McEver V. Ramachandran M. Williams A.G. Klopocki D.W. Schmidtke Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Cardiovascular Biology Research Program Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and Veterans Administration Medical Center Oklahoma OK USA 'School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Oklahama Norman OK USA School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Oklahama Norman OK USA

We analyzed rolling of neutrophils or transfected CHO cells expressing PSGL-1 on immobilized P-selectin in a flow chamber. After tethering, cells initially rolled rapidly and unstably but then progressively rolled more slowly and more regularly. Small, uniform rolling steps occurred in cells that developed multiple long adhesive tethers, as visualized by both scanning electron microscopy and differential interference contrast microscopy. Deletion of the cytoplasmic domain of PSGL-1 impaired cytoskeletal interactions and rolling stability but did not prevent extrusions of membrane tethers.

关键词： Biomembranes Scanning electron microscopy Cells (biology) Humans Biology Interference Stress Cameras Proteins Biochemistry

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Role of Laser-Induced Plasma Formation in Pulsed Cellular Microsurgery and Micromanipulation

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Physical Review Letters 2002年第7期88卷 078103-078103页

作者： Vasan Venugopalan Arnold Guerra, III Kester Nahen Alfred Vogel Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of California Irvine California 92697-2575 Laser Microbeam and Medical Program Beckman Laser Institute University of California Irvine California 92612-3010 Center for Biomedical Engineering University of California Irvine California 92697-2715 Medical Laser Center Lübeck Peter Monnik Weg 4 D-23562 Lübeck Germany

We investigate experimentally the physical processes underlying pulsed cellular microsurgery and micromanipulation using nanosecond 532- and 1064-nm laser pulses focused at high numerical aperture. We find that the laser parameters employed for many microirradiation techniques are congruent with those leading to optical breakdown in water. We determine the size and shape of the laser-induced plasma, pressure of the emitted shock wave, and size and energy of the cavitation bubble formed by the expanding plasma. We discuss implications of the results for biophysical microirradiation procedures.

关键词： Cells

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Future directions in solid state chemistry: Report of the NSF-sponsored workshop

Future directions in solid state chemistry: Report of the NS...

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作者： Cava, Robert J. DiSalvo, Francis J. Brus, Louis E. Dunbar, Kim R. Gorman, Christopher B. Haile, Sossina M. Interrante, Leonard V. Musfeldt, Janice L. Navrotsky, Alexandra Nuzzo, Ralph G. Pickett, Warren E. Wilkinson, Angus P. Ahn, Channing Allen, James W. Burns, Peter C. Ceder, Gerdrand Chidsey, Christopher E.D. Clegg, William Coronado, Eugenio Dai, Hongjie Deem, Michael W. Dunn, Bruce S. Galli, Giulia Jacobson, Allan J. Kanatzidis, Mercouri Lin, Wenbin Manthiram, Arumugam Mrksich, Milan Norris, David J. Nozik, Arthur J. Peng, Xiaogang Rawn, Claudia Rolison, Debra Singh, David J. Toby, Brian H. Tolbert, Sarah Wiesner, Ulrich B. Woodward, Patrick M. Yang, Peidong Department of Chemistry Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 United States Department of Chemistry 102 Baker Laboratory Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853-1301 United States Chemistry Department Columbia University New York NY 10027 United States Department of Chemistry Texas A and M University PO Box 30012 College Station TX 77842-3012 United States Department of Chemistry North Carolina State University Box 8204 Raleigh NC United States Dept. of Materials Science 138-78 California Institute of Technology 1200 California Boulevard Pasadena CA 91001 United States Department of Chemistry Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY 12180-3590 United States Department of Chemistry University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 United States Thermochemistry Facility Dept. of Chem. Eng. and Mat. Science University of California at Davis 4440 Chemistry Annex Davis CA 95616-8779 United States Department of Chemistry Univ. of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 600 South Mathews Avenue Urbana IL 61801 United States Physics Department University of California Davis One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 United States School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332-0400 United States Department of Materials Science California Institute of Technology 1200 California Boulevard Pasadena CA 91001 United States Department of Physics 2477 Randall Laboratory University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-1120 United States Dept. of Civil Eng. and Geol. Sci. University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 United States MIT 77 Massachusetts Avenue Rm. 13-5056 Cambridge MA 02139 United States Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford CA 94305-5080 United States Department of Chemistry University of Newcastle Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU United Kingdom Instituto Ciencia Molecular Universidad Valencia Dr. Moliner 50 46100 Burjasot Spain Chemical Engineering Department Univ. of California Los Angles 5531 Boelter Hall Los An

The NSF-sponsored workshop on Future Directions in Solid State Chemistry was held to address the interfaces in the fields where there would be significant opportunity for the development of new scientific advancements through increased interaction. The seven topic areas ranged from those with established ties to solid state chemistry such as Earth and planetary sciences, and energy storage and conversion, to those such as condensed matter physics, where the connections are in their infancy, to biology, where the opportunities for connections are largely unexplored. Exciting ties to materials chemistry were explored in discussions on molecular materials and nanoscale science, and a session on the importance of improving the ties between solid state chemists and experts in characterization at national experimental facilities was included.

关键词： Chemistry

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Physical Review Letters 2001年第1期86卷 127-127页

作者： Brian A. Korgel Department of Chemical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute and Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and Technology The University of Texas Austin Texas 78712-1062

Superlattices of organic monolayer-stabilized silver nanocrystals exhibit structural integrity at temperatures well above the melting point of the hydrocarbon capping ligands (i.e., the C8, C12, and C16 alkanethiols used in this study). Temperature-dependent small angle x-ray scattering reveals that topological disordering occurs with spatially correlated domains of characteristic length ξ that grow with increasing temperature until ξ diverges at a critical temperature Tc, as ξ∼ξ0(1−T/Tc)−0.67. A power law analysis of the scattering intensity with wave vector indicates that interactions between membranes due to thermal undulations control the topology below Tc.

关键词： Superlattices

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Probable Langevin-Like Director Reorientation in an Interface-Induced Disordered SmC*-Like State of Liquid Crystals Characterized by Frustration between Ferro- and Antiferroelectricity

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Physical Review Letters 2001年第1期87卷 015701-015701页

作者： Naoki Hayashi Tatsuhisa Kato Takayuki Aoki Tomohiro Ando Atsuo Fukuda San-Seong Seomun Institute for Molecular Science Myodaiji Okazaki 444-8585 Japan Department of Kansei Engineering Shinshu University Ueda 386-8567 Japan National Institute of Materials and Chemical Research Tsukuba 305-8565 Japan

To clarify the thresholdless, hysteresis free V-shaped switching due to frustration between ferro- and antiferroelectricity, we have studied a prototype binary mixture system. The apparent orientational order parameters, 〈P2〉 and 〈P4〉, obtained from polarized Raman scattering in thin homogeneous cells indicate that substrate interfaces induce some randomization of local in-plane directors at the tip of the V. Their correlation lengths, ξ∥≈3.5nm and ξ⊥≈75nm, have been estimated by assuming the Langevin-like reorientation. Because of the much shorter ξ∥ and ξ⊥ than the visible light wavelength, the switching process looks uniform.

关键词： Smectic liquid crystals

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Efforts to find stick-slip flow in the land of a die under sharkskin melt fracture conditions: polybutadiene

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Macromolecular Symposia 2001年第1期158卷

作者： Yong Woo Inn Liangshi Wang Montgomery T. Shaw Polymer Program Institute of Materials Science University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269-3136 USA Department of Chemical Engineering

Because stick-slip or other flow disturbances inside the die land have been suggested as a possible mechanism of the sharkskin, our effort was to observe any relevant periodic changes inside the die land during the sharkskin condition. We used particle tracking and time-resolved birefringence and two-dimensional light scattering in conjunction with a slit die attached to an extruder and a tubular glass die attached to a pressurized reservoir. Both dies could be observed up to the exit; both could also be directly observed downstream of the exit. While periodicities were easily seen in the slip-stick regime, none of the methods revealed any periodicity in the sharkskin regime. Direct observation of the sharkskin formation outside the die suggests a tearing and rolling mechanism as the origin of the sharkskin ridges found on polybutadiene extrudates.

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Effect of albumin on brushite transformation to hydroxyapatite

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Journal of Biomedical materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials 2001年第3期57卷

作者： Jing Xie Clyde Riley Krishnan Chittur Materials Science Program and Chemistry Department The University of Alabama-Huntsville Huntsville Alabama 35899 Chemical and Materials Engineering Department The University of Alabama-Huntsville Huntsville Alabama 35899

Brushite (CaHPO 4 · 2H 2 O) is a precursor to hydroxyapatite [HA, Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 OH]. It has been shown that a modified form of brushite, with potassium substituting for calcium at specific sites, demonstrated accelerated transformation to HA when exposed to nonproteinaceous Hanks’ balanced aqueous salt solutions (HBSS). The biocompatibility of a transforming material is related to cellular response to the process, which is initiated by protein adsorption. The effect of adsorbed protein on the kinetics and chemistry of brushite transformation to HA, when exposed to HBSS containing bovine serum albumin (BSA), was examined using Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy dispersive spectrometry techniques. The effect of solution pH was also studied. Results show that, in the presence of a protein-free environment, transformation is faster in buffered medium than in nonbuffered medium. Moreover, curve fitting and second derivatives of the IR spectra show that some bands shift depending on whether the brushite transforms in a buffered or nonbuffered medium. Therefore, variation in pH affects both transformation rate and the associated chemistry. The presence of BSA in either buffered or nonbuffered medium retards the transformation in comparison to the corresponding BSA-free medium. The extent of this retardation increases with the increase in bulk concentration of BSA but does not alter the transformation chemistry. This suggests the retardation on the transformation rate is due to BSA adsorption coverage on the calcium phosphate ceramic. This may be due to the shielding of Ca 2+ and PO 4 −3 sites, preventing their interaction with the HBSS. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 57: 357–365, 2001

关键词： brushite hydroxyapatite protein adsorption transformation and dissolution studies of calcium phosphates

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Spherical and vesicular ionic aggregates in Zn-neutralized sulfonated polystyrene ionomers

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Journal of Polymer science 2001年第5期39卷

作者： Brian P. Kirkmeyer Robert A. Weiss Karen I. Winey Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Pennsylvania 3231 Walnut Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6272 Polymer Science Program and Department of Chemical Engineering University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut 06269-3136

Ionic aggregates in a series of Zn-neutralized poly(styrene- co -styrene sulfonate) (SPS) random ionomers have been imaged using scanning transmission electron microscopy. The Zn-rich aggregates were found to have two shapes: solid spheres (Type I) and shells or vesicles (Type II). Type I aggregates range in a maximum diameter from 4 to 10 nm, whereas Type II aggregates range in a maximum diameter from 9 to 55 nm with a vesicle wall thickness of ∼ 3 nm. Lightly neutralized ionomers exhibited only Type I aggregates, whereas higher neutralization levels exhibited both Type I and II aggregates. Lightly neutralized ionomers also showed evidence of macrophase separation at the micron size scale. These direct observations of ionic aggregates contradict previous interpretations of small-angle X-ray scattering data with respect to size, size dispersity, shape, and spatial distribution. In addition, the aggregates observed in SPS differ markedly from the nearly monodisperse ∼ 2-nm spherical aggregates observed in Zn-neutralized poly(ethylene- co -methacrylic acid). The presence of vesicular aggregates encourages a re-examination of the morphologies and properties of styrenic ionomers. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 39: 477–483, 2001

关键词： ionomers sulfonated styrene STEM morphology

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Polymeric nanosphere formed from temperature-responsive polymer composed of (N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate and ethyl acrylamide

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Journal of Polymer science 2001年第5期39卷

作者： Tae Bum Lee Kyoung Tai No Sun Hang Cho Seung Su Kim Jung Ki Seo Jin Ho Lee Soon Hong Yuk Computer Aided Molecular Design Research Center and Department of Chemistry Soong Sil University Seoul 156-743 Korea Advanced Materials Division Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology P.O. Box 107 Yusung Taejeon 305-600 Korea Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Han Nam University 133 Ojeong Dong Daedeog Ku Taejeon 306-791 Korea

A nanosphere was formed from a temperature-responsive random copolymer of ( N , N -dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and ethyl acrylamide (EAAm) without a crosslinker. When the copolymerization was performed in a water/ethanol solvent mixture (90/10 v/v %) above the lower critical-solution temperature of poly(DMAEMA- co -EAAm), the nanosphere was formed with the propagation of copolymerization. Atomic force microscopy analysis and dynamic light scattering both showed the formation of nanosphere and the size was decreased as the EAAm content increased in the copolymer. To illuminate this nanosphere formation phenomena, molecular dynamic simulations were performed with model polymer solutions. According to the analysis of the simulation trajectory, the ethyl groups of ethanol bind to the hydrophobic sites of poly(DMAEMA) or poly(DMAEMA- co -EAAm), and water molecules can bind preferentially to CO groups that are abundant on the surface of the core, which is composed of oligomer and ethanol. This may enable the polymerization to proceed within the core, which is transformed into nanosphere. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 39: 594–600, 2001

关键词： polymeric nanosphere temperature-responsive polymer molecular dynamic simulation

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